Statistics is the art of learning from data. Seeking information from data. It is concerned with drawing a
conclusion based on data.
Classification of statistics.
1. Descriptive statistics - Description and summarizing of data.
2. Inferential Statistics – drawing conclusion from data
Sample – a subset or sub group of the population. Sample is a subgroup of the population that will be
studies in detail. Sample should be as representative as possible
Population - the total collection of all the element that we are interested in .
Purpose of statistical analysis (When to use descriptive and Inferential)
Descriptive – purpose is to just examine and explore the information. Just present data.
Inferential – Infer about the larger population from the sample.
Data – the facts, information collected . analysed and summarized for presentation and interpretation.
After collecting data, organize data with a structure. That is data table.
Case (Observation): A unit from which data are collected
Variables: Something that varies. A Characteristics that varies across all units.
Organizing data – Each variable must have its own column and each observations must have its own
row.