ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
• THE PHILIPPINES HAS A TOTAL LENGTH OF ABOUT 161,000 KM, WITH AN
AVERAGE ROAD DENSITY OF 0.53KM/SQ.M OR 2.35 KM PER 1000
PEOPLE. PHILIPPINE ROADS MOSTLY MADE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT DUE
TO HEAVY AND OVERLOADED TRUCKS AND HEAVY EQUIPMENTS,
PAVEMENTS ARE MOSTLY DAMAGE AND THIS CAN CONTRIBUTE A LOT IN
THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. DUE TO HEAVY RAINS , FLOODWATERS OFTEN
CAUSE DAMAGE TO ROAD PAVEMENTS DUE TO IN INADEQUATE DRAINAGE
. THERE ARE ABOUT 11,500 BRIDGES IN THE NATIONAL NETWORK
(MEASURING ABOUT 335,500 LINEAR METERS). WHICH 1,00 BRIDGES
ARE TEMPORARY
• AS OF OCTOBER 15, 2018, THE PHILIPPINE HIGHWAY NETWORK HAS A
TOTAL LENGTH OF 21,523.26 KILOMETRES (13,373.93 MI) OF CONCRETE
ROADS, 10,099.52 KILOMETRES (6,275.55 MI) OF ASPHALT ROADS,
1,264.49 KILOMETRES (785.72 MI) OF GRAVEL ROADS, AND 45.44
KILOMETRES (28.24 MI) OF EARTH ROADS, WITH A GRAND TOTAL OF
32,932.71 KILOMETRES (20,463.44 MI).
ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
• METRO MANILA HAS A TOTAL ROAD LENGTH OF ABOUT
4,800KM.THE MAJOR ARTERIAL ROADS FORM
CIRCUMFERENTIAL AND RADIAL PATTERNS.
MANILA ROAD NETWORK
10 RADIAL ROADS (NUMBERED COUNTER CLOCKWISE)
6 CIRCUMDERENTIAL ROADS
ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
• THE PHILIPPINES HAS 216,612 KILOMETERS (134,596 MI) OF ROADS, WITH 83% BEING PAVED AND 17%
BEING UNPAVED. AS OF 2014, THE ROAD NETWORK CONSISTS OF: NATIONAL ROADS - 32,227 KILOMETERS
(20,025 MI) PROVINCIAL ROADS - 31,620 KILOMETERS (19,650 MI) CITY AND MUNICIPAL ROADS - 31,063
KILOMETERS (19,302 MI) BARANGAY ROADS - 121,702 KILOMETERS (75,622 MI) IN 1940, THERE WERE 22,970
KILOMETRES (14,270 MI) OF ROAD IN THE ENTIRE COUNTRY, HALF OF WHICH WAS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
LUZON.[5] THE ROADS SERVED 50,000 VEHICLES.[5]
• ROAD CLASSIFICATION IS BASED PRIMARILY ON ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES (WITH THE EXCEPTION
OF BARANGAYS), I.E., WHICH LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT BUILT AND FUNDED THE ROADS. MOST OF THE BARANGAY
ROADS ARE UNPAVED VILLAGE-ACCESS ROADS BUILT IN THE PAST BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH), BUT RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAINTAINING THESE ROADS HAVE BEEN DEVOLVED TO
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (LGUS). FARM-TO-MARKET ROADS FALL UNDER THIS CATEGORY, AND A FEW
ARE FINANCED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM AND THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.[6]
ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
• THE PAN-PHILIPPINE HIGHWAY IS A 3,517 KM (2,185 MI) NETWORK OF ROADS, BRIDGES, AND FERRY
SERVICES THAT CONNECT THE ISLANDS OF LUZON, SAMAR, LEYTE, AND MINDANAO, SERVING AS THE
PHILIPPINES' PRINCIPAL TRANSPORT BACKBONE. THE NORTHERN TERMINUS OF THE HIGHWAY IS IN
LAOAG, AND THE SOUTHERN TERMINUS IS AT ZAMBOANGA CITY.
ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
AH26 OR NATIONAL HIGHWAY 26
ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORK
BACKBONE OF THE PHILIPPINE ROAD NETWORK
The PAN PHILIPPINE HIGHWAY, also known as the Maharlika
Highway (Tagalog: Daang Maharlika; Cebuano: Daang Halangdon) is a 3,517kilometer (2,185 mi) network of roads, bridges, and ferry services that
connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines,
serving as the country's principal transport backbone. It is the longest
highway in the Philippines that forms the country's north–south backbone
component of the National Route 1 (N1) of the Philippine highway network.
The entire highway is designated as Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the Asian
Highway Network.
The northern terminus of the highway is in Laoag and the southern terminus
is in Zamboanga City.
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
• PUBLIC TRANSPORT (ALSO KNOWN AS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC TRANSIT, OR MASS TRANSIT)
IS A SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT, IN CONTRAST TO PRIVATE TRANSPORT, FOR PASSENGERS BY GROUP
TRAVEL SYSTEMS AVAILABLE FOR USE BY THE GENERAL PUBLIC, TYPICALLY MANAGED ON A SCHEDULE,
OPERATED ON ESTABLISHED ROUTES, AND THAT CHARGE A POSTED FEE FOR EACH TRIP. EXAMPLES OF
PUBLIC TRANSPORT INCLUDE CITY BUSES, TROLLEYBUSES, TRAMS (OR LIGHT RAIL) AND PASSENGER
TRAINS, RAPID TRANSIT (METRO/SUBWAY/UNDERGROUND, ETC.) AND FERRIES. PUBLIC TRANSPORT
BETWEEN CITIES IS DOMINATED BY AIRLINES, COACHES, AND INTERCITY RAIL. HIGH-SPEED
RAIL NETWORKS ARE BEING DEVELOPED IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD.
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
• THE MODE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN METRO MANILA ID
PRE-DOMINANTLY ROAD BASED . CONSISTING LARGE JEEPNEYS
AND BUSES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ROUTES AND
MOTORIZED TRICYCLES AND PEDICABS FOR FEEDER ROUTES.
AS OF 2018 THERE ARE ABOUT 342 BUS ROUTES 350 KM
ROADS. 600 JEEPNEYS ROUTES OF 610 KM ROAD . THESE
ROUTES INCLUDE THOSE SERVING AND ADJOINING AREAS IN
METRO MANILA.
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
Traffic management is a key
branch within logistics. It
concerns the planning, control and
purchasing of transport services
needed to physically move
vehicles (for example aircraft, road
vehicles, rolling
stock and watercraft) and freight.
Within air traffic
management: air
traffic controller
Traffic management
is implemented by
people working with
different job titles in
different branches:
Within rail traffic
management: rail
traffic
controller, train
dispatcher or signal
man
Within freight and cargo
logistics: traffic manager, assessment
of hazardous and awkward materials,
carrier choice and fees, demurrage,
documentation, expediting, freight
consolidation, insurance,
reconsignment and tracking
Within road traffic
management: traffic
controller.
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
TRAFFIC IN THE PHILIPPINES
• 2017 WORST TRAFFIC IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• REGULATION NO 95-001 (ODD EVEN SCHEM)
• 36 MILLION PESOS PER DAY COMPROMISED
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
•
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES SUCH AS TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKINGS GENERALLY
FOLLOW THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, THE PHILIPPINES BEING A SIGNATORY
TO THE VIENNA CONVENTION IN 1968. HOWEVER, MANY OF THE SIGNS INSTALLED
CONFORM NEITHER TO COLOR NOR SHAPE AS PROVIDED FOR IN THE STANDARD.
THE NUMBER OF TRAFFIC SIGNS INSTALLED IS GENERALLY INSUFFICIENT.
•
IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, THESE SIGNS CAN HARDLY BE RECOGNIZED, MUCH
LESS READ, AS THEY COMPETE WITH GIANT BILLBOARDS IN TERMS OF VISIBILITY
AND CRAFTSMANSHIP. TRAFFIC SIGNALS ARE COMMONLY INSTALLED AT MAJOR
INTERSECTIONS IN MANY CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE PHILIPPINES ALTHOUGH THE
NUMBER IS STILL INADEQUATE. OFTENTIMES, THESE SIGNALS DO NOT PROVIDE
DISPLAY PHASE EXCLUSIVE FOR PEDESTRIANS.
•
IN METRO MANILA, THERE IS A GROWING CONCERN ABOUT THE SAFETY OF
PEDESTRIANS DUE TO THE CLOSURE OF INTERSECTIONS AND WITH THE U-TURN
SLOT SCHEME REPLACING THE CONTROL OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS. PEDESTRIANS
HAVE PRACTICALLY NO OPPORTUNITY TO CROSS THE ROAD BECAUSE OF THE
“UNINTERRUPTED” FLOW OF TRAFFIC. WITHOUT TRAFFIC SIGNALS CONTROLLING
THE TRAFFIC FLOW AT INTERSECTIONS, DRIVING HAS BECOME RISKIER BECAUSE
OF FREQUENT SWERVING/WEAVING. THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO EVALUATE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SCHEME, WHICH HAS THE SOLE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING
SPEED ALONG THE ARTERIALS WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF SAFETY.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• SIDEWALKS OR WALKWAYS
SIDEWALKS AND WALKWAYS ARE “PEDESTRIAN LANES” THAT
PROVIDE PEOPLE WITH SPACE TO TRAVEL WITHIN THE PUBLIC
RIGHT-OF-WAY THAT IS SEPARATED FROM ROADWAY VEHICLES.
PURPOSE:
CREATE THE APPROPRIATE FACILITY FOR THE WALKING AREA
OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY.
IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN SAFETY DRAMATICALLY.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• CURB RAMPS
CURB RAMPS (WHEELCHAIR RAMPS) PROVIDE ACCESS BETWEEN
THE SIDEWALK AND ROADWAY FOR PEOPLE USING WHEELCHAIRS,
STROLLERS, WALKERS, CRUTCHES, HANDCARTS, BICYCLES, AND
ALSO FOR PEDESTRIANS WITH MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS WHO HAVE
TROUBLE STEPPING UP AND DOWN HIGH CURBS. CURB RAMPS
MUST BE INSTALLED AT ALL INTERSECTIONS AND MIDBLOCK
LOCATIONS WHERE PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS EXIST.
PURPOSE:
PROVIDE ACCESS TO STREET CROSSINGS.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• MARKED CROSSWALKS AND ENHANCEMENTS
MARKED CROSSWALKS INDICATE OPTIMAL OR PREFERRED
LOCATIONS FOR PEDESTRIANS TO CROSS AND HELP DESIGNATE
RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR MOTORISTS TO YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS.
CROSSWALKS ARE OFTEN INSTALLED AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
AND OTHER SELECTED LOCATIONS.
PURPOSE:
WARN MOTORISTS TO EXPECT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS.
INDICATE PREFERRED CROSSING LOCATIONS
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• THE “LADDER” PATTERN SHOWN IS MORE VISIBLE TO
MOTORISTS THAN PARALLEL LINES AND REQUIRES LESS
MAINTENANCE IF PAINTED TO ALLOW THE TIRES OF MOTOR
VEHICLES TO TRACK BETWEEN THE PAINTED LINES.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• TRANSIT STOP TREATMENTS
BUS STOPS SHOULD BE LOCATED AT INTERVALS THAT ARE
CONVENIENT FOR PASSENGERS. THE STOPS SHOULD BE
DESIGNED TO PROVIDE SAFE AND CONVENIENT ACCESS AND
SHOULD BE COMFORTABLE PLACES FOR PEOPLE TO WAIT.
PURPOSE:
• PROVIDE SAFE, CONVENIENT, AND INVITING ACCESS FOR
TRANSIT USERS.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• ROADWAY LIGHTING IMPROVEMENTS
GOOD QUALITY AND PLACEMENT OF LIGHTING CAN ENHANCE AN
ENVIRONMENT AS WELL AS INCREASE COMFORT AND SAFETY.
PEDESTRIANS OFTEN ASSUME THAT MOTORISTS CAN SEE THEM AT
NIGHT; THEY ARE DECEIVED BY THEIR OWN ABILITY TO SEE THE
ONCOMING HEADLIGHTS.WITHOUT SUFFICIENT OVERHEAD LIGHTING,
MOTORISTS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SEE PEDESTRIANS IN TIME TO STOP
PURPOSE:
• ENHANCE SAFETY OF ALL ROADWAY USERS, PARTICULARLY
PEDESTRIANS.
• ENHANCE COMMERCIAL DISTRICTS.
• IMPROVE NIGHTTIME SECURITY
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• PEDESTRIAN OVERPASSES/UNDERPASSES
PEDESTRIAN OVERPASSES AND UNDERPASSES ALLOW FOR THE
UNINTERRUPTED FLOW OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT SEPARATE
FROM THE VEHICLE TRAFFIC.
PURPOSE:
• PROVIDE COMPLETE SEPARATION OF PEDESTRIANS FROM
MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
• STREET FURNITURE/WALKING ENVIRONMENT
SIDEWALKS SHOULD BE CONTINUOUS AND SHOULD BE PART OF A
SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES ACCESS TO GOODS, SERVICES, TRANSIT,
AND HOMES.WELL-DESIGNED WALKING ENVIRONMENTS ARE
ENHANCED BY URBAN DESIGN ELEMENTS AND STREET
FURNITURE, SUCH AS BENCHES, BUS SHELTERS, TRASH
RECEPTACLES, AND WATER FOUNTAINS.
PURPOSE:
• ENHANCE THE PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT.
• ENLIVEN COMMERCIAL DISTRICTS BY FOSTERING COMMUNITY
LIFE
VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
• THE REGISTRATION OF VEHICLES IN THE PHILIPPINES IS HANDLED BY THE LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
(LTO), A LINE AGENCY OF THE DEPARTMENT TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION (DOTC). TABLE 1.1
SHOWS THE NUMBER OF REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 2002. THE NUMBER OF
UTILITY VEHICLES OR JEEPNEYS HAS A SHARE OF 37 PERCENT. THE NUMBER OF MOTORCYCLES HAS
INCREASED TREMENDOUSLY IN THE LAST THREE YEARS DUE TO THE INFLUX OF CHEAPER MODELS INTO
THE COUNTRY. IT REACHED THE 1.5 MILLION MARK IN 2002. HOWEVER, THIS NUMBER ACCOUNTS FOR
BOTH THE MOTORCYCLES (MCS) FOR PRIVATE USE AND TRICYCLES (TCS) FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USE.
THERE IS THEREFORE A NEED TO SEPARATE THE CATEGORIES SINCE THEY SERVE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT
PURPOSES.
VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
• THE LTO REGISTERED 11.6 MILLION MOTOR VEHICLES IN 2018, WHICH IS AN INCREASE OF ALMOST 1.2
MILLION OR 11.4 PERCENT FROM THE 2017 FIGURE OF 10.5 MILLION.
• THERE ARE 7.5 MILLION NEW DRIVERS’ LICENSES AND PERMITS ISSUED IN 2018, A 12.21-PERCENT
INCREASE FROM THE 6.63 MILLION GIVEN IN 2017.
VEHICLE REGISTRATONS
1
2
3
4
5
About 40 percent
of the total
numbers of
vehicles are
registered in Metro
Manila. Motor
vehicles are
classified as
follows:
Private vehicles
For hire vehicles
refers to motor
vehicles owned by
private
individuals or
companies and
are not intended
to be used for hire.
refers to motor vehicles
authorized to be used as
public vehicles by virtue
of a franchise granted by
the Land Transportation
Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
Official/
Government
Vehicles
Diplomatic
Vehicles
refers to motor
vehicles owned by
the Philippine
government.
refers to motor
vehicles owned by
a foreign
government or by
their diplomatic
officials in the
Philippines.
INSURANCE
• INSURANCE IS A MEANS OF PROTECTION FROM FINANCIAL LOSS. IT IS A FORM OF RISK MANAGEMENT,
PRIMARILY USED TO HEDGE AGAINST THE RISK OF A CONTINGENT OR UNCERTAIN LOSS.
• MOTOR VEHICLE OWNERS ARE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN INSURANCE COVERING THIRD-PARTY LIABILITIES.
THE MINIMUM INSURANCE TO BE PAID TO VICTIMS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (FATAL) WAS P50, 000 IN
2002. THE INSURANCE SURELY ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE INSURANCE
COMMISSIONER ACCREDITED 112 INSURANCE COMPANIES ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES BY 2002. IT
REGULATES THE INDUSTRY TO PREVENT THE PROLIFERATION OF FLY-BY-NIGHT INSURANCE COMPANIES.
INSURANCE
DRIVING LICENSE
• DRIVER'S LICENSE IN THE PHILIPPINES CONSISTS OF THREE
TYPES. THESE ARE STUDENT PERMIT, NON-PROFESSIONAL,
AND PROFESSIONAL[1].
• STUDENT DRIVER’S PERMIT
THE APPLICANT MUST BE AT LEAST SIXTEEN YEARS OLD AND
MUST BE PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY FIT TO OPERATE A MOTOR
VEHICLE. HE OR SHE MUST BE ABLE TO READ AND WRITE IN
FILIPINO OR ENGLISH.
DRIVING LICENSE
•
NONPROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE
NEW APPLICANT MUST BE AT LEAST SEVENTEEN YEARS OLD AND MUST BE A
HOLDER OF A VALID STUDENT PERMIT FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH. HE OR SHE
MUST BE PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY FIT TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE,
AND MUST NOT BE A DRUG USER OR AN ALCOHOLIC.
•
PROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE
NEW APPLICANT FOR PROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE MUST BE AT LEAST
EIGHTEEN YEARS OLD AND IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT A VALID
NONPROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE OR A VALID STUDENT DRIVER’S
PERMIT THAT IS USED FOR AT LEAST FIVE MONTHS. HE OR SHE MUST NOT BE
A DRUG USER OR AN ALCOHOLIC.
THE REQUIREMENT OF HAVING A MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND DRUG TEST
WAS INTRODUCED ONLY VERY RECENTLY.
Restriction Code
Allowed Vehicles
Restriction 1*
Motorbikes or motorized tricycles
Restriction 2*
Motor vehicle up to 4500 kg GVW
Restriction 3*
Motor vehicle above 4500 kg GVW
Restriction 4*
Automatic transmission up to 4500 kg
GVW
Restriction 5
Automatic transmission above 4500
kg GVW
Restriction 6
Articulated Vehicle 1600 kg GVW &
below
Restriction 7
Articulated Vehicle 1601 kg up to 4500
kg GVW
Restriction 8
Articulated Vehicle 4501 kg & above
GVW
DRIVING LICENSE
• RESTRICTION CODES
DRIVERS ARE ASSIGNED A RESTRICTION CODE THAT
DESIGNATES WHICH TYPE OF VEHICLE THEY CAN
OPERATE. RESTRICTION CODES ARE BASED ON THE
KIND OF VEHICLE AND THEIR GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT.
*NOTE: RESTRICTIONS 1, 2, AND 4 ONLY APPLY TO NON-
PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S LICENSES.
Condition
Code
Requirement
Condition A
Wear eyeglasses
Condition B
Drive with special equipment
for upper limbs*
Condition C
Drive with special equipment
for lower limbs*
Condition D
Daylight driving only*
Condition E
Should always be
accompanied by a person
without hearing impairment
DRIVING LICENSE
• CONDITION CODE
APPLICANTS ARE ASSESSED DURING APPLICATION IF
THEY HAVE CERTAIN IMPAIRMENTS THAT COULD
IMPEDE THEIR DRIVING CAPABILITY. THEY ARE THEN
ASSIGNED A CONDITION CODE(S) IF THEY FALL WITHIN
A CATEGORY
DRIVER APPREHENSIONS
• THERE SEEMS TO BE AN INCREASING TREND IN THE NUMBER OF DRIVERS APPREHENDED (TABLE . THIS
COULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE CONCERTED EFFORTS OF THE DIFFERENT AGENCIES (THE LAND
TRANSPORTATION OFFICE, THE METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY [MMDA], AND THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE – TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT GROUP [PNP-TMG]) IN APPREHENDING VIOLATORS OVER THE
PAST YEARS
• THE NUMBER OF APPREHENDED DRIVERS ALSO INCREASED IN 2018, FROM 640,500 CASES IN 2017
TO ALMOST 680,000 IN 2018. THIS GIVES AN ADDITIONAL 38,700 APPREHENSIONS, WHICH IS SIX
PERCENT MORE COMPARED TO 2017
DRIVING SCHOOLS
• DRIVING SCHOOLS AND DRIVING INSTRUCTORS MUST HAVE
ACCREDITATION FROM THE LTO. IN 1980, THE THEN MINISTRY OF
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS (MOTC) ISSUED AN
ORDER COVERING THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE
SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OVER DRIVING SCHOOLS. STANDARD
REQUIREMENTS WERE SET FOURTH FOR DRIVING SITE, SCHOOL
BUILDING, CLASSROOMS, LIBRARY FACILITIES, MOTOR VEHICLES,
INSTRUCTORS, AND COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. IN 2002, ABOUT
170 LTO-ACCREDITED DRIVING SCHOOLS WERE IN OPERATION ALL
OVER THE COUNTRY
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT SECTION IS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF MOTORISTS
AND PEDESTRIANS. THE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT UNIT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR KEEPING THE ROADWAYS
MOVING DURING DELAYS, REROUTES AND COLLISION SCENES, CIVIC FUNCTIONS, SPORTING EVENTS,
PROCESSIONS, PARADES AND DURING DIGNITARY VISITS.
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• TRAFFIC LAWS ARE ENFORCED BY THE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT GROUP (TMG), THE TRAFFIC DIVISION OF EACH
DISTRICT POLICE, AND THE LTO. IN 1978, PRESIDENTIAL DECREE (PD) 1605 WAS ISSUED TO CENTRALIZE
ENFORCEMENT MATTERS IN METRO MANILA TO THE METRO MANILA COMMISSION (MMC), NOW THE METRO
MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY. THE TMG, BEING A NATIONAL SUPPORT UNIT OF THE PNP, HAS TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT OFFICES SCATTERED IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS AND PROVINCES NATIONWIDE. IN SELECTED
AREAS OR PROVINCES, ESPECIALLY IN HIGHLY URBANIZED CITIES/MUNICIPALITIES, THE TMG HAS TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT TEAMS (TMTS) THAT ARE ALSO CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE TMG
OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS THAT ARE LIKEWISE BASED IN METRO MANILA. IN COORDINATION AND
COOPERATION WITH THE MMDA FOR METRO MANILA AND THE LOCAL POLICE UNITS IN THE DIFFERENT
REGIONS, THE TMG HAS AT ITS DISPOSAL THE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT UNITS. EACH REGIONAL TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT OFFICE (RTMO) CAN DISPATCH PERSONNEL TO STRATEGIC CHOKE POINTS AND MAJOR
THOROUGHFARES TO CONDUCT TRAFFIC DIRECTION AND CONTROL TO ENSURE THE SMOOTH FLOW OF TRAFFIC.
IN METRO MANILA, THE TMG AND THE MMDA ASSIST EACH OTHER IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, ESPECIALLY
WHEN ON-GOING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS CAUSE HEAVY CONGESTION. ALONGSIDE THIS FUNCTION, THE
PERSONNEL OF TMG RENDER THE FOLLOWING TASKS: TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, AND THE TRAFFIC
SAFETY EDUCATION THROUGH SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES, ETC
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
•
THIS SECTION DISCUSSES SOME OF THE LEGISLATIONS PERTINENT TO ROAD SAFETY (SANTIAGO 1980).
REPUBLIC ACT 4136, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE, PROVIDES FOR
THE SYSTEM OF REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES, CHECKS ON ACCESSORIES OF VEHICLES, AND DEFINES
ROAD TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS. COMMONWEALTH ACT 146, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS PUBIC SERVICE
ACT, RESTS ON THE REGULATORY BODY (LTFRB) THE POWER TO COMPEL ANY PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDER TO
FURNISH SAFE, ADEQUATE, AND PROPER SERVICE AS REGARDS THE MANNER OF FURNISHING THE SAME AS
WELL AS THE MAINTENANCE OF NECESSARY MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) 125
REORGANIZED THE THEN MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS INTO A DEPARTMENT AND
DEFINED ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LAND TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE AS THE SECTORAL AGENCY RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING AND CARRYING OUT POLICIES, RULES,
AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE LAND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY. EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO)
202 CREATED THE LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY BOARD WITH THE MAIN FUNCTION
OF REGULATING THE LAND TRANSPORT INDUSTRY PURSUANT TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE ACT. REPUBLIC ACT
6975 ESTABLISHED THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG), INCLUDING THE
CREATION OF THE PNP UNDER WHICH THE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT GROUP HAS BEEN REORGANIZED AS THE
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT ARM OF THE PNP COVERING NATIONAL ROAD .
DEFINITIONS
• TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING IS A FILED OR BRANCH OF CIVIL ENGINEERING THAT DEALS WITH THE
APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES TO THE PLANNING, FUNCTIONAL DESIGN,
OPERATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF FACILITIES FOR ANY MODE OF TRANSPORTATION IN ORDER TO PROVIDE FOR
THE SAFE, RAPID, COMFORTABLE, CONVENIENT, ECONOMICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND GOODS. ON THE OTHER HAND, TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IS THAT PHASES OF
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING THAT DEALS WITH THE PLANNING, GEOMETRIC DESIGN, AND TRAFFIC
OPERATIONS OF ROADS, STREETS AND HIGHWAYS, THEIR NETWORKS, TERMINALS, ABUTTING LANDS, AND
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORTATION (EVANS 1950). IN THE UNITED STATES, IT WAS IN
1921 WHEN THE TITLE “TRAFFIC ENGINEER” WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED, ALTHOUGH A NUMBER OF TRAFFIC
ENGINEERING-RELATED ACTIVITIES WERE ALREADY GOING ON. TABLE 1.4 SHOWS SOME OF THESE ACTIVITIES:
DEFINITIONS
•
1904 TRAFFIC SURVEY METHODS WERE BEING EMPLOYED. 1907 PEDESTRIAN ISLANDS WERE USED IN SAN FRANCISCO.
1908 THE FIRST DRIVER’S LICENSE LAW WAS ADOPTED. 1911 WHITE-PAINTED PAVEMENT CENTER LINES WERE FIRST
APPLIED. 1915 ORIGIN-DESTINATION STUDIES AND ACCIDENT SPOT MAPS WERE FIRST USED. 1916 SPEED AND DELAY
STUDY WAS FIRST MADE BY OBSERVING TRAFFIC FROM A HIGH BUILDING; PEDESTRIAN REGULATION AND “NO LEFT TURNS”
WERE PRESCRIBED; CURB PARKING WAS PROHIBITED TO FACILITATE TRAFFIC MOVEMENT. SOURCE: EVANS 1950 THE USE
OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS FOR CONTROLLING TRAFFIC CAME MUCH EARLIER. THE FIRST RECORDED USE OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS
WAS IN 1868 IN GREAT BRITAIN. THE SIGNALS WERE ILLUMINATED BY TOWN GAS. HOWEVER, THE USE OF GAS WAS
DISCONTINUED AFTER AN EXPLOSION INCIDENT. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY . DEVELOPMENT OF
TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL YEAR ACTIVITY 1868 FIRST TRAFFIC SIGNAL IN GREAT BRITAIN (ILLUMINATED BY GAS) 1910
MANUALLY OPERATED SEMAPHORE SIGNALS 1922 IDEA OF TIMING SIGNALS FOR PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT 1926 FIRST
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNALS IN GREAT BRITAIN 1927 EARLIEST KNOWN APPLICATION OF TIME-SPACE DIAGRAM FOR
COORDINATION 1928 FIRST TRAFFIC-ACTUATED SIGNALS SOURCE: EVANS 1950. IN 1930, THE INSTITUTE OF TRAFFIC
ENGINEERS (ITE) WAS FOUNDED, AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION WAS FINALLY OFFICIALLY ESTABLISHED AND
DEFINED. THE SOCIETY PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN PROMOTING THE PROFESSION THROUGH ADVANCED TRAINING, RESEARCH
STUDIES, STANDARDIZATION, LAWS, AND APPLICATION OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES (EVANS 1950)
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES
• THE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES IS STILL NEW. MOST INTERSECTIONS WERE
PREVIOUSLY CONTROLLED BY TRAFFIC POLICE OFFICERS OR BY MANUALLY OPERATED TRAFFIC SIGNALS.
OUTSIDE METRO MANILA, MANUALLY OPERATED SEMAPHORE SIGNALS DISPLAYING STOP OR GO MESSAGE
WERE INSTALLED ON TOP OF POLICE OUTPOSTS LOCATED AT THE CENTER OF THE INTERSECTION. IN 1977, THE
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (TEAM) PROJECT FIRST IMPLEMENTED AN AREA TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEM IN METRO MANILA. IT WAS ALMOST AT THE SAME PERIOD WHEN THE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER,
LATER RENAMED AS THE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING CENTER (TEC), WAS ESTABLISHED. THE CENTER WAS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
SUCH AS TRAFFIC SIGNALIZATION, GEOMETRIC IMPROVEMENT OF INTERSECTIONS, ETC. IN 1976, THE
TRANSPORT TRAINING CENTER (TTC) WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES WITH
ASSISTANCE FROM JAPAN THROUGH THE JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA). TTC STARTED
ITS TRAINING PROGRAM IN 1978 IN THE FIELDS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, AND
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FOR TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCERS.
THANK YOU