Name: _________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Date: ________
--GRADE 10 ENGLISH
Quarter 1/Week 3
Topic: Using Textual Aids
Learning Competency: Determine the effect of textual aids like advance organizers, titles, non-linear
illustrations, etc. on the understanding of a text (EN10RC-Ib-2.15.2)
Textual aids are tools or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts. These
aids are, most of the time, graphical outlines or images that give a general idea of a certain topic. Simple
examples of textual aids are those words being highlighted, bolded, italicized, and adding charts, graphs,
diagrams, maps, tables, etc.
The purpose of textual aids is help you understand any story, subject, or topic. Thus, textual aids give
emphasis on what should be focused on. Textual aids include graphic organizers which are visual displays
that organize ideas and demonstrate relationships between different information and concepts. There are
many different forms of graphic organizers. Each with its own unique way of organizing and displaying
specific bits of information.
Below are some of the examples:
T-Chart helps organize ideas into two columns and examine two components of an object, concept,
or events. This can be used in any topic to examine the pros and cons of something, advantages and
disadvantages, facts and opinions, and others.
Concept Map map shows relationships between the main idea and other information. Concepts or
ideas are represented in circles or boxes and are linked to related ideas with arrows.
Main Idea Web starts with a central idea and branches out into related ideas and details. Sometimes
referred to as main idea wheel, spider or semantic maps, this may be used for brainstorming and generating
ideas.
Venn Diagram is used to compare and contrast two or more groups of things by visually displaying
their similarities and differences in two or more circles that overlap. Similar information between topics is
presented where a circle from one category overlaps with a circle from another category.
Sequence Chart (or flow diagram) presents a series of steps or events in order. This is used to
present sequence of events in a story or to come to conclusions about different cause and effect (or problem
and solution) relationships between multiple events in a text.
Concept Map
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Take note that the use of textual aids
helps you understand the text better. You will be able to organize the details about a selection using these
graphic organizers. This is an effective strategy in making your thoughts well organized. Your exposure to
the use of textual aids helps sharpen your analytical thinking skill which is an essential life skill in order to
survive and be successful.
ACTIVITY 1. GET ORGANIZED
Have you already read a mythological story? Or watched a film inspired by Greek mythology?
Among the stories that you have read since elementary to high school, what story you considered your most
favorite?
Use the story map below to organize the details in your memory about your favorite story. Write its title
inside the biggest circle.
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ACTIVITY 2. LET’S GO GREEK!
Did you know?
A myth is an ancient story created to explain natural events. Gods and goddesses, and heroes are
among the characters in myths. In addition to explaining events in nature, some myths also present a lesson
on how to live, or serve as warning to follow the rules of the society.
Before reading the myth, “DAEDALUS AND ICARUS”, try to ponder on the
following questions out of the title itself.
Who do you think is Daedalus? What could be his character traits?
What about Icarus? How does he get himself into a difficult situation?
How are the two characters related? In what way this story teaches us lesson in
life?
ACTIVITY 3. ANTICIPATE AND REACT
Accomplish the Story Anticipation-Reaction Guide below:
Before reading – read the statements in the table and check the column that corresponds to your response.
After reading – review your answers and write in the last column whether you were right or wrong.
Disagre
e
Agree
Statement
Were you right?
Daedalus is a famous architect and inventor.
Daedalus created a maze for King Minos so complex
that nobody could escape from it.
To keep Daedalus from revealing the secrets of the
maze, Minos imprisoned him and his son, Icarus.
Icarus flew too close to the sun.
Icarus drowned in the sea.
ACTIVITY 4. MYTH EXPLORE
Read the myth, “Daedalus and Icarus” and find out important details in the text.
Daedalus and his son Icarus fled from Athens where he was tried at Areiopagus for the murder of his
nephew Talos. He came to the island of Crete and worked at the court of King Minos and Queen Pasiphae.
He designed the masts and sails for ships of King Minos’ naval army. He also built a wooden cow for the
queen to hide inside the snow-white bull that she eventually made love with. The offspring was the half-man
half-bull called the Minotaur. Pasiphae nursed him until the Minotaur grew and became more ferocious.
Daedalus built a Labyrinth on the command of King Minos in order to hold the Minotaur. It was an
elaborate maze-like structure that even himself could not escape. Being an unnatural offspring of a woman,
the Minotaur had no natural source of nourishment and thus devoured human tributes from Athens.
Eventually, a fearless Athenian Theseus volunteered to become a tribute and make a bold attempt to slay the
Minotaur. As the tributes were making their way to the gates of Crete, Princess Ariadne fell in love as she
laid eyes upon Theseus. Ariadne feared for Theseus’ life so she asked Daedalus to help him. Daedalus gave
Ariadne a flaxen thread for Theseus to tie to the door of the Labyrinth, and by which he could find his way
out of the winding paths after killing the Minotaur. Theseus succeeded, and escaped with Ariadne.
Enraged by the loss of his daughter and the death of the Minotaur, Minos ordered that Daedalus and
his son Icarus be imprisoned into the Labyrinth. The King knew very well that Daedalus was an accomplice
to the killing of the Minotaur. Daedalus and Icarus managed to escape from the Labyrinth and decided to
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leave Crete. However, Minos holds control on the land and sea routes. The only way they can flee was by
air.
To escape, Daedalus constructed artificial wings for himself and Icarus. He made a tedious work,
fastening one feather after another and held them with wax. After having the pair of wings done, Daedalus
was confident they would get away from Crete.
The day has come. Before the takeoff, Daedalus warned Icarus to fly closely behind him. He sternly
cautioned him not go too close to the sun, as it would melt the wax in his wings, and not too close to the sea
to avoid the feathers from getting damp and heavy. When the two were already cruising in the air from
Crete, Icarus grew exhilarated by thrill. They flew over the land of Samos, Delos, and Lebynthos. The
farther away they flew, the more Icarus became cocky. Forgetting his father’s advice, Icarus flew closer to
the sun. The wax in his wings softened and melted from heat causing the feathers to fell off. He flapped his
arms vigorously but soon no feathers at all were left and he fell to the sea. He drowned to death as his
helpless father watched him perished.
The land near the place where Icarus fell was called Icaria and the sea was named after him – Icarian
Sea. Daedalus grieved for the death of his son and continued to Sicily. He stayed at the court of Cocalus in
Camicus. On the southern part of the island, he built a temple for Apollo, and hung up his wings as his
offering to the god.
Back in Crete, King Minos was still determined to make a revenge against Daedalus. He went to
many cities in pursuit of Daedalus. At each city he visited, Minos held a competition in which the
contestants must snare a thread inside the spiral chambers of the seashell. It was a decoy to locate the most
adroit – that is Daedalus. Eventually, Minos came to Sicily to carry out the contest. Cocalus knew of
Daedalus’ talent, and gave him the shell. The clever Daedalus tied a string to an ant, and allowed the ant to
walk through the winding chambers until it came out on the other end.
When Minos knew that someone has solved the puzzle. He demanded King Cocalus to surrender
Daedalus. Cocalus promised to do so, but he asked Minos to stay for an entertainment and persuaded him to
have a bath. Minos agreed, and was consequently murdered by Cocalus’ daughters, who had been impressed
with Daedalus works and kindness. Daedalus left Camicus and headed to Sardinia with Iolaus, nephew of
Heracles.
ACTIVITY 5. ELEMENTS, PLEASE...
Supply the significant details from the short story that are asked below. Be guided with the chart and write
briefly yours answers in the right column.
“DAEDALUS AND ICARUS”
(Write your responses here.)
Elements of Short Story
Characters (Who were involved in the story?
Are there major and minor characters?)
Setting ( Where or when did the story happen?
What social/political/weather condition was
there?)
Conflict (What is the main problem in the story?
What was the primary struggle faced by the
characters that led to complications?)
Climax is part of a plot, the sequence of events.
(Which part of the story you considered the
highest point where the major characters had to
make wise decision? What event signifies the
point of no return?)
Tone (What is the attitude of the writer toward
his subject? Is it serious? formal? inspirational?
sentimental? humorous? sarcastic? enthusiastic?
optimistic? nostalgic? regretful?)
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Mood (How did you feel while reading the
story? What was/were your feeling/s as you went
through the text?)
Theme (What is the central idea that the story
presents? What is the underlying message that
the writer would like to tell the readers? What
lesson in life have you learned after reading the
myth?)
ACTIVITY 6. TIMELINE
Use the sequence diagram below and fill it in with major events in the myth.
Major Event 1
Major Event 2
Major Event 3
Major Event 7
Major Event 6
Major Event 4
Major Event 5
Major Event 8
ACTIVITY 7. MYSTERY WORDS
Study the definitions and word forms. Then, rearrange the letters in bold to form the correct word for each
item below. Write the word in the box.
1. dangerous (adjective)
----
erpisulo
2. private room (noun)
----
cahmbre
3. disagreeable (adjective)
----
deardluf
4. demand (verb)
----
isnits
5. plate-shaped object (noun)
----
ducsis
6. undertake (verb)
----
ebmrak
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ACTIVITY 8. WHAT’S IN THE TITLE?
Read another story from Greek mythology and look for heroic qualities of Perseus.
“The Gorgon’s Head”
Acrisius, King of Argos received a dreadful oracle from Delphi. According to the priestess of Delphi,
he will not have a son but a grandson from whose hands he will be killed. Frightened, King Acrisius hid his
only daughter Danae from the sight of all men. Danae was locked up inside a house of bronze sunk
underground. Zeus entered into the underground chamber in the form of the shower of gold through the roof
partly opened. He appeared in front of Danae and in an instant Danae conceived a baby. Later, Danae had
given birth to a boy named Perseus. She kept her baby a secret from her own father.
But days have come and King Acrisius learned about her secret. The King ordered his people to have
a chest built for Danae and child Perseus. Danae and her child were put inside the chest and sent adrift the
sea. It bobbed in the waves until it reached the Island of Seraphos where a fisherman named Dictys noticed
the chest and took it. When he opened, he saw Danae and Perseus. The kind Dictys let them in their house to
live together with his wife. Dictys’ brother, King Polydectes was captivated with Danae’s beauty and
married her.
Polydectes felt jealous over the love that Danae was giving to Perseus. To get rid of Perseus,
Polydectes sent him to a dangerous adventure that put his life in peril. The mission was to kill Medusa, one
of the three Gorgons. She has snaky hair and metal-scaled skin. Looking straight in Medusa’s eye can turn
mortals into stone. Despite the danger, Perseus agreed to embark on the perilous adventure in order to get his
own name a glory. Hermes gave him a sword. He was also given a shield by Athena. Hermes added that
Perseus needed also the winged sandals, the helmet of invisibility, and the magic wallet. Those three
essential things were all in the possession of the Nymphs of the North.
Getting there was not easy. In order to get to the Nymphs of the North, Perseus has to go first to the
Gray Women who only could tell the direction. Perseus went to the Gray women, he snatched the eye of the
women and threatened not to return it unless they give him the direction pointing to the Nymphs of the
North. As soon as the direction was given, Perseus headed to the Island of Gorgons. He was instructed by
Athena, telling him that Medusa was the one lying closest to the seashore. With one swift of his sword and
with the help of his shield as mirror, Medusa was beheaded and her head was put inside the magic wallet.
While Perseus was making his way back home, he noticed a beautiful lady chained on the cliff. He
asked her name and why she was hanged. No reply was given by the lady. Perseus insisted the lady to
respond. She said her name was Andromeda, daughter of Ethiopian King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia.
Andromeda told Perseus that her mother boasted that she was the most beautiful than 50 lovely daughters of
Nereus. As a revenge to her mother Cassiopeia, Andromeda suffered the punishment. At any moment, then,
the serpent was on its way to devour Andromeda. Perseus told Andromeda’s parents that he would save their
daughter on a condition that they will allow him to marry her. The king and queen agreed at once and
Andromeda was saved from death. He took Andromeda to his homeland.
At that time, a discus-throw competition was going on at Larissa. Perseus joined in and when it was
his turn to throw the discus, he threw it mightily and accidentally hit an old man in the audience. It was
learned that his grandfather, King Acrisius, was the one hit by the discus.
ACTIVITY 9. VISUALIZING CHARACTERS
By using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the characteristics of Perseus and Medusa.
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Venn Diagram
ACTIVITY 10. A HERO IN ME
A hero saves the day. Saving people and saving lives could take any form.
Use the T-Chart below and answer the questions that follow.
PERSEUS
YOU
List down all all the acts of heroism
done by Perseus...
What personal challenges does Perseus have
to overcome to fulfill acts of heroism?
List down all the little acts of heroism
that you did lately...
What personal challeneges have you
overcome to fulfill acts of heroism?
--References:
Daedalus and Icarus. Retrieved on May 12, 2020 from
https://myreadingdesk.wordpress.com/2016/05/27/daedalus-and-icarus/
Haddad, D. (2020). 5 Types of Graphic Organizers to Improve Learning. Retrieved on May 12, 2020 from
https://www.verywellfamily.com/examples-of-graphic-organizers-2162277
K-12 English 10 Learner’s Material. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature.
Textual Aids. Retrieved on May 12, 2020 from https://brainly.ph/question/372226
The Gorgon’s Head. Retrieved on May 12, 2020 from
https://myreadingdesk.wordpress.com/2016/07/10/summary-the-gorgons-head/
Prepared by:
BERNARDINO P. MAGNO, JR.
Digos City National High School
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