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EDITOR’S INTRO
Magazine Index
How you learn English with Hot English magazine
Pre-Intermediate (CEF level: A2)
Why are you learning English? To get a better job, to pass an official English exam,
to travel, or just to communicate in English? Hot English magazine helps with all this.
1
Increase your vocabulary. In every issue of Hot English
you’ll learn over 350 English words and expressions! Plus
you’ll learn lots of idioms, phrasal verbs, grammar and more.
2
Improve your listening. Every magazine has 60
minutes of spoken English audio. You’ll learn to understand
English, plus you can hear lots of different accents!
3
4
Exam English. Hot English helps prepare you for
official English exams (First Certificate, IELTS, TOEFL,
etc.). How? Exams test your ability to speak and your range
of vocabulary. Hot English improves your communication
skills and your knowledge of words and expressions.
Business English. Practical English for the office, for
meetings, for talking to clients – it’s all in Hot English.
Plus, read business tips from entrepreneurs.
5
Travel English. Want to travel to English-speaking
countries? With Hot English you’ll learn the words and
expressions you need for international travel!
6
Social English. How do native English
speakers really talk? Learn with our natural English
conversations. Also, learn English slang. Plus, in Hot
English you’ll read about current events (news, culture,
music, films) so you can make conversation with native
English speakers.
7
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Unlocked books are linked to the topics in Hot English
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3
Editorial
4
Dr Fingers’ Error Correction Clinic
6
Fingers’ Pronunciation
8
Listening: Checking Up On Things
By Phone!
10 Read & Listen: How The WWF Is
Helping The World!
Intermediate (CEF level: B1)
12 Story Time
Hi, and welcome to
another issue of Learn
Hot English – the fun
magazine for learning
English. In this month’s
issue, we’re looking at a
really cool trick for learning
difficult words. With this
easy-to-use method, you’ll remember words
much more easily. It’s all about creating
Memorable Sentences. For more information,
see inside the magazine! Of course, that’s
not all and we’re also looking at a travel
destination in Canada, the origins of coffee, the
difference between whether and if, a historical
figure (Achilles), phrasal verbs, idioms,
slang, vocabulary, UK-US word differences, a
business topic, and lots, lots more. Well, we
hope you enjoy reading and listening to this
issue of Learn Hot English. Have fun, learn
lots of English and see you all next month!
14 Joke Advert
16 Crank Calls
18 Business Dialogues - The Mistakes
20
😊
20 Memorable Sentences!
23 Memorable Sentences! Mini Test
24 Coffee
25 The Origins of Coffee
Upper Intermediate (CEF level: B2)
26 Coffee Trivia
28 Vocabulary - Coffee
25
29 Typical Dialogues - The Coffee Shop
30 Crossword
31 Wordsearch & Matching
32 Fingers’ Grammar Clinic
33 Business Dialogues -
The Focus Group
38
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34 Idioms – Dogs
36 Living Abroad - Montreal
38 Living Abroad - Nigel In Montreal
40 Achilles
42 Weird World Cartoon
Advanced (CEF level: C1)
40
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44 Strange BUT True
46 US Bar Chat
47 Dictionary Of Slang
48 In The News
49 Phrasal Verbs - Do
All material in this publication is strictly copyright, and all rights are reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. The views expressed
in Hot English Magazine do not necessarily represent the views of Hot English Publishing SL, although we do prefer tea to coffee.
50 Answers, Scripts and Joke
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AUDIO
DR FINGERS’
ERROR CORRECTION CLINIC
In this section Dr Fingers identifies and corrects typical errors…
and ensures that they are NEVER, EVER repeated.
DR FINGERS’
ERROR CORRECTION CLINIC
Hello everybody, and welcome to my “Error Correction” clinic.
You know, just the other day I heard and recorded the following
conversation in one of my classes. There are some errors. See if
you can find them.
Dr Fingers:
Megumi:
Dr Fingers:
Good morning, class. What is this? A rude picture of
me on the blackboard! Who drew it! Stand up and
show yourself! If I find the person who did this…
I would just like to remind you that I do not have
big ears. Extra homework for all of you if the culprit
doesn’t own up by tomorrow at 3pm.
OK, class, now we’re going to do a little exercise.
Yes, now settle down. Right, Megumi, come to the
front of the class.
Now, Megumi, here is a list of sentences. I want you
to put the following sentences into indirect speech.
Remember, we use indirect speech to report what
someone has said. I want you to use the verb “to
tell”, and make the sentence using “I” as the subject.
OK, that’s easy:
1. “Don’t do it!” - and the answer is, “I told her that
she doesn’t do it”.
2. “Don’t come!” - and the answer is, “I told him
that he doesn’t come”.
OK, class, now what do you think she…
(fades out)
Today ’s class:
negative indirect speech
with “tell”
Direct speech
Indirect speech
“Don’t drive so fast!”
“Don’t give the cat so much
food!”
“I told them not to speak to me
like that.”
“I told him not to drive so fast.”
“I told her not to give the cat
so much food.”
I told them not to speak to me
like that.”
Solutions
Later, I disciplined my student privately for a few hours, and now
I think she understands the rule. Let’s listen to her again:
Megumi:
1. “Don’t do it!” - and the answer is, “I told her not
to do it”.
2. “Don’t come!” - and the answer is, “I told him not
to come”.
Problems
Did you hear the mistakes? Poor Megumi got all her sentences
wrong. These are very typical errors and we have to help her.
When we make negative sentences with indirect speech, we use
“not” in front of the infinitive:
“Tell” + object + “not” + infinitive with “to”. For example:
4
OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and may you have an
error-free month.
GLOSSARY
the culprit n
the person who has done something bad or illegal
to own up phr vb
to admit you have done something bad
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AUDIO
DR FINGERS’ PRONUNCIATION
DR FINGERS’PRONUNCIATION
Hello everyone and welcome to my English pronunciation course! OK, let’s get pronouncing! (The answers to the exercise are on page 50)
Irregular Participles
Listen & Repeat
This is the first part of a new series
on irregular past participles and their
pronunciation. This month we are looking
at participles that end in the letter “n”.
Just to start, I would like to perform
another rap to help you with the
pronunciation of these participles. Once
again, I asked my good friend DJ Stokes to
lay down another drum ‘n’ bass line. I hope
you enjoy my little rap, especially as the
language focus of my rap is based on the
pronunciation of these words.
Now let’s get on with some pronouncing.
Listen and repeat these verbs and their
irregular pasts and participles:
Dr Fingers’ Rap “Modesty Apart”
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Beat
Bite
Break
Choose
Draw
Drive
Eat
Fall
Fly
Forget
Beat
Bit
Broke
Chose
Drew
Drove
Ate
Fell
Flew
Forgot
Beaten
Bitten
Broken
Chosen
Drawn
Driven
Eaten
Fallen
Flown
Forgotten
I’ve eaten with Tarzan up a tree,
And Sharon Stone has fallen for me,
I’ve beaten Stallone in a boxing match,
And I’ve flown Brad Pitt to Vietnam.
Now I know it seems quite unbelievable,
That a man like me is so incredible,
But all I say is the truth, I swear,
And now I’m off to ride a bear.
By Dr Fingers - copyright, 2004.
6
Exercise
Now let’s do an exercise. Listen to the
following sentences and repeat them with
me. Then, listen again and try to write the
sentence normally and in connected speech.
We’ve done the first one for you. Good luck!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
There are many things that I have done,
Of which I’m proud, and of which
I’ve sung,
And here they are for you to see,
In all their splendour and glory.
I’ve broken the record for the marathon,
And played a part in the film King Kong.
I’ve drawn paintings much better than
Picasso,
And driven cars much faster than
Schumacher.
1. She has drawn a picture = she has draw
na picture.
2. They have beaten us = they have beate
nus.
3. We have fallen on them = we have falle
non them.
4. The child has bitten it = the child has
bitte nit.
Connected Speech
Now let’s look at these participles in
connected speech. As you can see, all of
them end in the letter “n”. Now, when the
following word starts with a vowel, this “n”
sound connects with the vowel to form a
new sound. For example:
“I’ve eaten a pig”, which is like this if you
write it in connected speech, “I’ve eate na
pig”.
This is quite hard to hear because the
articles, prepositions and object pronouns
(him, her, us, etc) are often very weak
sounds. Listen to some more examples:
She has broken it = she has broke nit.
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and
happy talking!
GLOSSARY
proud adj
if you are “proud” of an ability or quality, you are very
pleased about that thing
to fall for someone phr vb
if you have “fallen for” someone, you love that person
and find him/her very attractive
to beat vb
if you “beat” someone, you win in a competition
against them
I swear exp
I promise
a bear n
a large brown mammal that lives in forests. Winnie
the Pooh is a small, gentle bear.
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VIDEO
LISTENING:
CHECKING UP ON THINGS BY PHONE!
LISTENING CHECKING UP ON THINGS BY PHONE!
1
The pronunciation of “the”
Pre-listening
How do you greet a caller on the telephone? How do you end a telephone
conversation? How many phone-related expressions can you think of
in just three minutes? For example: How may I help you? / Who’s
calling, please? Can I speak to Josh, please?
2
Listening I
You’re going to listen to two telephone conversations. Which calls
do you hear? A call made to someone who is...
...in an office
...at the beach
...at home.
3
a) the /ðə/– the first one
b) the /ði:/– the end
We use the /ðə/ (a weak sound) before words with a
consonant sound: the bed, the police, the dog...
And we use the /ði:/ before words with a vowel sound:
the apple, the alarm, the egg...
Listening II
Complete the sentences (1 to 4) with the words from below. Then,
listen again to check your answers.
Listen and repeat these sentences:
a) I’ve got the blue one. /ðə/
b) I haven’t got the answer. /ði:/
drink today exam meeting
Call I
on Friday.
1. I’m studying. I’ve got an
2. I was wondering whether you wanted to go out for a
.
Call I I
3. I’m just getting ready for a
4. Can I get back to you later
A
We can pronounce the in two different ways:
.
?
Discussion Ask and answer the questions.
B
Write A for/ðə/, and B for /ði:/ next to each sentence according to
the pronunciation of the Then, listen to check your answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
We’re listening to the music.
They’re writing the letter.
We’re cooking the eggs.
The apple was red.
She was the only person there.
They reported the incident.
How often do you use the phone every day?
What do you like or dislike about speaking on the
phone?
How many calls do you make on average at work every
day?
How important is the phone for you at work?
What do you use your phone for socially?
Who do you call? Who calls you?
How long do you speak for on average every day?
Who do you speak to the most? Why?
What messaging services do you use? Why?
What apps have you got on your phone?
Why have you got them?
What do you use them for?
How useful are they?
Which apps do you think you need? Why?
8
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AUDIO
HOW THE WWF IS
HELPING THE WORLD!
READ & LISTEN
1
Pre-reading
Match the wildlife animals (1 to 6)
to the pictures (a-f).
1. Hippo (hippopotamus)
2. Rhino (rhinoceros)
3. Polar bear
4. Tiger
5. Jaguar
6. Panda bear
HOW THE WWF IS
HELPING THE WORLD!
T
he World Wide Fund for Nature (the WWF)
was set up over 50 years ago. Its aim was to
save the world’s wildlife. Since then, it’s made
some remarkable progress.
a
d
2
b
e
c
f
Reading I
Read the article once. Which animals are
mentioned in the article? Why are they mentioned?
3
Reading II
Read the article again. Then, write a word next
to each description.
1. This animal appears on the WWF’s logo.
2. There were approximately 2,500
in 1993.
3. The animal the WWF are trying to
protect in the Amazon.
4. There are more than 25,000 now.
5. The town where the WWF was
founded.
Discussion Ask and answer the questions.
What organisations are there in your
country that protect animals?
What do they do?
Which animals are in danger in your
country?
What is being done about it?
How important are these organisations?
What does the WWF do?
Do they do anything in your country?
What?
What else can be done to protect animals?
How could they get people to donate
more money?
10
For example, in 1895, there were fewer than 20
southern white rhinos. Now there are more than
17,000. In 1993, there were approximately 2,500 black
rhinos. Today, there are more than 4,000.
And in the 1960s, there were an estimated 5,000
polar bears. These days, there are more than 25,000.
The WWF was created in 1961 in the Swiss town of
Morges. A group of conservationists, including Sir Peter
Scott and Sir Julian Huxley, decided to act against the
“needless destruction” of the world’s wildlife. The
organisation was originally called the World Wildlife
Fund, but was renamed the World Wide Fund for Nature
in 1986. Here are a few things about the organisation.
The WWF’s logo was inspired by Chi Chi, a giant
panda from London Zoo.
Actor Leonardo DiCaprio once donated £650,000
to save the tiger.
One of the WWF’s schemes to help jaguars involves
protecting one billion trees in the Amazon rainforest.
Nearly $10bn has been spent in more than 150
countries since 1961.
The Duke of Edinburgh (Queen Elizabeth II’s
husband) is the President Emeritus of the WWF.
The WWF helped to set up the Charles Darwin
Foundation Research Station in the Galapagos
Islands in 1962.
In 1969, together with the Spanish government,
the WWF established the Coto Doñana National
Park, one of the world’s first wetland reserves.
In 1981, there were about one million regular supporters
worldwide. Today, there are more than five million.
The organisation helped to create a ban on
commercial whaling in 1986.
China has promised to protect three million hectares
of panda forest – an area the size of Belgium.
In 1990, the WWF helped establish an
international ban on ivory trade.
The WWF’s priorities for the next 50 years include
tackling climate change and promoting sustainability.
Will you support them?
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THE WORLD WIDE
FUND FOR NATURE
The World Wide Fund for
Nature (www.wwf.org) was
established in 1961. Its
mission is to build a future
in which humans can live in
harmony with nature, and to
halt the destruction of the
environment by concentrating
on three biomes: forests,
freshwater ecosystems, and
oceans and coasts.
GLOSSARY
to set up phr vb
to establish; to start
an aim n
an objective; something you want / have
to do
to save vb
if you “save” something, you stop it from
dying
wildlife n
animals that live in the mountains / forests,
etc.
remarkable adj
extraordinary; impressive
a conservationist n
someone who wants to protect animals /
nature, etc.
needless adj
that isn’t necessary
destruction n
the act or process of destroying / killing /
breaking things
emeritus n
a President “emeritus” is a president who is
no longer president, but who keeps the title
as an honour
a wetland n
an area of land that has a lot of water
a reserve n
an area of land where animals and birds,
etc. are protected
a ban n
a prohibition; something that can’t be done
whaling n
finding and killing whales (large mammals
that live in the sea)
ivory trade n
the sale or export of elephant tusks or other
things made of ivory (a type of bone that is
white and valuable)
a priority n
something important that you must do
urgently
to tackle vb
if you are “tackling” a problem, you are
trying to find a solution to it
climate change n
the idea that temperatures are increasing
because of pollution, etc.
sustainability n
using natural resources in a way that
doesn’t harm the land / air / sea, etc.
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AUDIO
Jokes, stories and anecdotes as told by native English speakers
STORY TIME
e
m
i
t
y
r
o
t
S
In this section you can hear two native English speakers, Brian and Jeff, telling each other a joke.
This authentic conversation will really help with your listening skills. Listen to the conversation and answer
these questions:
“Cucumber” & “Bed Time”
1. According to the doctor, what is the matter with the man?
2. Why was the man in bed with his neighbour?
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
Brian:
Jeff:
I got a great joke for you today.
Yeah, you heard a new joke. Great, go ahead.
A man walks into a doctor’s office.
Yeah he’s got a problem, has he?
A big problem actually [yeah]. He has a cucumber up his
nose, a carrot in his left ear, and a banana in his right ear.
My God, he has got a big problem.
So the guy asks the doctor, “what’s the matter with me?”
Yeah, and what does the doctor say?
And the doctor replies, “you’re not eating properly”.
Ah, ha, ha. Very funny. Yeah, I see. Got any more jokes?
One more actually.
OK, go on then.
A man and his wife have an argument before she leaves, goes
to work.
Yeah.
And as she’s on her way out, she screams to her husband,
“You’re not even good in bed!”
Huh, pretty bad insult, yeah.
So after work, the woman returns home and looks for her
husband.
Yeah? She can’t find him, yeah?
She notices that the bedroom door is closed [yeah] so she
goes up to the room and her husband is in bed with the
neighbour.
Ah!
She asks, “What the hell are you doing?”
Yeah, what does he say?
The husband replies, “Getting a second opinion”.
Ha, ha.
idioms
Phrasal verbs
booklets
12
GLOSSARY
go ahead exp
continue
up exp
in
you’re not eating properly exp
this could have two meanings:
1) you are not eating the right food;
2) you are eating your food in a very
strange and unconventional way
an argument n
a violent discussion
to scream vb
to shout in an angry or frightened voice
the hell exp
people use this as a way of expressing
anger
a second opinion n
another opinion
USEFUL VOCABULARY to help you with the story:
cucumber
banana
bed
carrot
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14
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AUDIO
Telephone conversations to help improve your listening skills.
CRANK CALLS
Crank Calls
Here are some more crank calls - those funny telephone calls that are designed to wind people up.
Have fun listening to these two. (answers on page 50)
Crank Call II - Wrong Number
Crank Call I - Driving Job
For this call we answered a classified ad for a driving job (see
ad above). Would you employ us? Listen to the conversation and
answer this question:
Why does the victim get angry?
Victim:
Dave’s Transport Systems, how can I help you?
Hot English: Oh, hi, I was phoning up about the advertisement
for a driver.
Victim:
Yeah, what’s your experience like?
Hot English: Erm, I haven’t really got much experience.
Victim:
Got a clean licence?
Hot English: Erm, I haven’t actually got my licence yet, but I’m
going to get one very soon.
Victim:
No licence?
Hot English: But friends say I drive really well… despite the
accidents.
Victim:
Accidents? You’re kidding? Get out of here! And
stop wasting my time.
Hot English: OK. Bye.
For this call we phoned up a takeaway restaurant. Listen to the
conversation and answer this question:
What do we accuse the restaurant of?
Victim:
Hot English:
Victim:
Hot English:
Victim:
Randy’s Ranch Restaurant, how may I help you?
Hello, who’s calling?
Hello sir. May I take your order, please?
What? Er, who are you?
This is Randy’s Ranch Restaurant, may I take
your order?
Hot English: But what are you talking about? Who are you?
Victim:
I’m sorry sir, but...
Hot English: … why did you call me?
Victim:
I didn’t. I just answered the phone, sir.
Hot English: Well, don’t do it again. I’m very busy. Goodbye.
More next month.
GLOSSARY
to wind someone up phr vb
to irritate someone and make them
angry
a classified ad n
a small piece of publicity in a
newspaper that is offering something
or selling something
what’s your experience like?
exp
what kind of experience do you have?
got a clean licence? exp inform
“do you have a clean licence?” If you
do, you have never had any problems
with the police or been convicted of a
driving offence
erm exp
a noise that people make as they are
thinking what to say next
you’re kidding exp
you’re joking
get out of here! exp (US)
go away! Stop saying stupid things!
to waste time exp
to make someone use their time on
stupid and useless things
a takeaway restaurant exp
a restaurant where you buy the food
and take it with you to eat at home or
somewhere else
may I take your order? exp
“please tell me what you would like
to eat”
BusinessEnglish
Learn over 500 useful business words and expressions!
Over 30 articles on up-to-date business topics!
Over 100 useful business idioms
& phrasal verbs!
Business videos and audio files
Tap here
to improve your listening skills!
16
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AUDIO
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
THE MISTAKES
In this phone conversation Harry Plank, the lead singer of a
rock band, is talking to the editor of Hot Rockers, a very popular
music magazine. Plank has just read an article about himself and
his band and it’s full of mistakes. Listen to the conversation and
answer these two questions:
1. What mistakes were there about the musician?
2. What does the magazine editor offer as compensation?
(Phone rings)
Plank: Is that the editor of Hot Rockers Magazine?
Editor: Speaking.
Plank: Harry Plank here… Well? I’m waiting.
Editor: Erm, waiting for what? The end of the world?
Plank: Don’t be cheeky. You know exactly what I’m talking
about. That article you wrote about me.
Editor: What was wrong with it?
Plank: What was right with it! That’s what I say. It was full of lies.
Editor: Lies? You mean you aren’t a “professional musician”?
Plank: Yes, that bit was alright. But you said I was 42. That
isn’t true.
Editor: Well, how old are you?
Plank: That’s personal, but I can assure you I am not 42. You
also described my style as “old-fashioned”.
Editor: Well, how would you describe it?
Plank: I would say, “traditional rock”.
Editor: OK, “traditional rock”, I’ll take note of that. Anything
else?
Plank: Yes, I am not 162 cm tall. I’m 172.
Editor: OK, I’ll just write that down, “Plank, 172 cm tall”. Right,
is that all?
Plank: No, there’s one last thing, you said I was once arrested
for indecent exposure.
Editor: Weren’t you?
Plank: No! And besides, it was a mistake - my trousers just fell
down. I wasn’t wearing a belt at the time.
Editor: OK. Now I feel the best thing we can do is to forget about
18
it all and write an apology in next month’s magazine.
Plank: Alright, that sounds fair enough.
Editor: Very well, how about if we print something like this?
Errata: ‘We would just like to apologise for a number of
errors that appeared in last month’s issue of Hot Rockers.
Harry Plank is in fact 173.5 cm tall, he is an “excellent”
guitarist, and he was once arrested for indecent exposure,
although it wasn’t his fault - his trousers just fell down
accidentally.’ OK?
Plank: Yes, that’s much better. And give me a bell when it
comes out. I’d like to get a couple of copies to show my
kids. They’re proud of their dad, they are.
Editor: Right, no problem. I’ll let you know.
Exercise
Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.
You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping
sound. See if you can write the missing word. (The answers
are on page 50.)
1. You know exactly what I’m talking _________ .
2. What was wrong _________ it?
3. It was full __________ lies.
4. You also described my style _________ “old-fashioned”.
5. I’ll take a note _________ that.
6. You said I was once arrested __________ indecent
exposure.
GLOSSARY
speaking exp
we say this when we answer the
phone and someone has correctly
identified us
don’t be cheeky exp
don’t be rude; don’t be disrespectful
I’ll take note of that exp
“I’ll try to remember that for next
time”
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indecent exposure n
a crime that consists of showing parts
of your body to the public
a belt n
an object you put around your waist to
hold your trousers
give me a bell exp inform
telephone me
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MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
DO YOU WANT TO
REMEMBER
WORDS MORE
EASILY?
USE MEMORABLE
SENTENCES!
THANKS TO
CRISTINA FOR HER
INSPIRATION!
If you want to improve your English, you need to learn lots
of words. Many of them are easy to learn because they’re
similar to words you already know. For example, the English
word “education” is similar in Spanish (educación) and
French (l’éducation). However, other words are harder to
learn as they’re completely different. So, what can you do if
there’s a difficult word that you want to remember?
One solution is to create a memorable sentence. This is
a sentence with a key word (the word you want to learn),
and a trigger word (a word or phrase that will help you
remember the key word).
A “trigger word” can be any word or phrase you already
know. You could use something from your own language,
another language, or something well-known like a country,
city, TV series, company, song, singer, actor, actress, film,
musician, sportsperson, sports team, drink, food or fictional
character… For example:
Key word: BULL
Memorable sentence: The BULL drank a can of Red Bull.
In this case, the key word is “bull”, and the trigger word is
Red Bull – the famous drink.
20
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MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
So, how do Memorable Sentences work? Simple. When
you make a connection between the trigger word and the
key word, both words are stored together in your brain.
And when you recall the trigger word, you’ll remember
the key word too! In the example on the previous page, a
connection has been made between the key word bull (the
animal) and the trigger word Red Bull (the drink), which will
help you remember the key word.
But how can you create your own MEMORABLE
SENTENCES? Easy! Here’s an example. Imagine you want
to learn the word garlic (the white vegetable with a strong
taste – see picture).
First, you need to think of a trigger word to help you
remember the key word “garlic”.
One good idea would be to use the famous cat Garfield as
his name starts with the same letters (Gar…)!
Next, you need to create a Memorable Sentence, which
could be like this: “Garfield likes garlic with fish.”
The good thing about this memorable sentence is that both
Garfield and garlic have the same letters at the start, so
they’re quite similar, and this will help you remember the
key word.
Here are some more ideas for making your Memorable
Sentence even better!
Choose a trigger word that
is the exact same word as
the key word: “Mr Bean eats
beans every week.”
Select a trigger word that has the same sounds as the key
word. In this example, the / u: / sound is repeated in the
words Bruce and bruise: “Bruce Willis has a bruise on
his leg.”
Use alliteration – the repeated use of words that start with
the same letter or sound. For example: “The weather was
wet in Washington at the weekend.”
Make your sentence as funny or ridiculous as possible.
The funnier or crazier it is, the easier it will be to
remember.
Draw a picture of your Memorable Sentence to help you
visualise it.
Repeat your Memorable Sentence over and over until it’s
fixed in your brain. Repetition is a great way to help you
remember things.
Record your Memorable Sentences on your smartphone
so you can listen to them repeatedly.
Finally, create gapped sentences to test yourself:
in Washington at the
“The weather was w
weekend.”
Now turn to the next page to see some examples of
Memorable Sentences to inspire you to make some of your
own.
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21
MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
Here are some examples of Memorable Sentences that can help you learn difficult words.
Remember, each Memorable Sentence has a key word (the word you want to remember)
and a trigger word (the word or phrase that can help you remember the key word). Can you
identify the trigger word (or phrase) in each sentence? We’ve done the first one for you.
The answers are in the Glossary Box on the next page.
1 Key word: BEAN
Mr Bean eats beans every week.
Answer: In this example, Mr Bean (the
TV series character) is the trigger word.
2 Key word: UGLY
My Ugg boots are so ugly.
3 Key word: SOUTH
I saw South Park in south London.
4
Key word: STING
The bee stings Sting on his nose.
5
Key word: BRUISE
Bruce Willis has a bruise on his leg.
Key word: HOOD
Robin Hood has a jacket with a green
hood.
7 Key word: MESS
Lionel Messi made a mess in his
mansion.
8 Key word: BALD
Bald men are envious of Alec
Baldwin’s hair.
9 Key word: CRUISE
Tom Cruise went on a cruise in the
Caribbean.
10 Key word: NIECE
Key word: NEPHEW
My nephew Nelson lives in the
Netherlands.
12 Key word: HILL
My niece Nicole lives in Nice, France.
22
11
6
Hilary Clinton went up the hill.
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14 Key word: WATCH
15 Key word: SCREAM
Garfield likes garlic with fish.
I have a new Swatch watch.
I screamed when I saw the
film Scream!
16 Key word: FROZEN
17 Key word: WET
18 Key word: ANGRY
Elsa from Frozen ate some
frozen fish.
The weather was wet in
Washington at the weekend.
Angelina Jolie is angry because
she lost at Angry Birds
19 Key word: STONES
20 Key word: JOKE
21 Key word: PRAWNS
The Rolling Stones threw
some stones on the beach.
The Joker from Batman was
telling jokes.
I ate some prawns in Prague.
You can probably think of a trigger word for just about any word you want to learn. All you
need is a bit of imagination and creativity. So, next time there’s a difficult word that you want
to remember, find a trigger word and create a Memorable Sentence. Good luck!
😊
Mini test
Complete the sentences below with the correct
key words. Can you remember what they mean?
We’ve done the first one for you. To help, you could
put a translation (into your own language) of the
key word at the end of each sentence to help you
remember it.
1. Mr Bean eats beans every week.
(Put a translation of the key word here.)
2. My Ugg boots are so
.
3. I saw South Park in
London.
4. The bee
Sting on his nose.
5. Bruce Willis has a
on his leg
6. Robin Hood has a jacket with a green
.
7. Lionel Messi made a
in his
mansion.
8.
men are envious of Alec
Baldwin’s hair.
9. Tom Cruise went on a
in the
Caribbean.
Answers on page 50
Nicole lives in Nice,
10. My
France
11. My
Nelson lives in the
Netherlands
12. Hilary Clinton went up the
.
13 Garfield likes
with fish.
14. I have a new Swatch
.
15. I
when I saw the film
Scream!
16. Elsa from Frozen ate some
fish.
17. The weather was
in
Washington at the weekend.
18. Angelina Jolie is
because
she lost at Angry Birds
19. The Rolling Stones threw
on the beach.
20.The Joker from Batman was telling
.
21. I ate some
in Prague.
GLOSSARY
1 Beans = small seeds that you can eat
and that come from bean plants. Beans are
used in famous dishes like chilli con carne.
Mr Bean is a funny character from a TV
series of the same name.
2 Ugly = not beautiful.
Ugg boots are sheepskin boots.
3 South = the opposite of north on a
compass.
South Park is an animated TV series about
the adventures of four boys.
4 Sting = if an insect “stings” you, it bites
you and often leaves a red mark.
Sting is an English singer who was in the
group The Police.
5 Bruise = if you have a “bruise” on your
skin, you have a purple mark where you
were hit.
Bruce Willis is a famous American actor
who was in the Die Hard films (among
many others).
6 Hood = a part of a jacket that covers
your head.
Robin Hood was an Englishman from the
14th century who stole from the rich to
give to the poor.
7 Mess = if there’s a “mess”, there
are clothes and things on the floor and
everything is disorganized.
Lionel Messi is a famous footballer from
Argentina.
8 Bald = if someone is “bald”, they have
no hair on their head.
Alec Baldwin is a famous American actor
who was in the movie Beetlejuice (among
many others).
9 Cruise = a holiday on a big ship (a cruise
ship) during which you visit many places.
Tom Cruise is a famous American actor
who was in the movie Vanilla Sky (among
many others).
10 Niece = the daughter of your brother
or sister.
Nice (pronounced the same as “niece”) is
a city in southern France.
11 Nephew = the son of your brother or
sister.
The Netherlands is a country in Europe
also known as Holland and whose capital
cities are Amsterdam and the Hague.
12 Hill = a small mountain.
Hilary Clinton is an American politician
who is married to former president Bill
Clinton.
13 Garlic = a white vegetable like a small
onion but with a very strong flavour.
Garfield is an orange cat that appears in
comics, TV series and films of the same
name.
14 Watch = an object you wear on your
wrist (the joint between your hand and
arm) that tells you the time.
Swatch is a Swiss watchmaker that
produces inexpensive, stylish watches.
15 Scream = if you “scream”, you make
a loud sound, often because you’re
frightened.
Scream is a horror movie in which the
main character wears a mask.
16 Frozen = if food (for example) is
“frozen”, it has become ice because it’s
very cold.
The Disney film Frozen is based on the
Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tale The
Snow Queen.
17 Wet = if something is “wet”, it has water
on or in it.
Washington is a state in the northwest of
the United States whose most famous city
is Seattle.
18 Angry = if someone is “angry”, they
don’t like something and want this thing to
change immediately.
Angry Birds is a video game.
19 Stone = a small hard object that you can
find on the ground. Stone is used in the
construction of buildings.
The Rolling Stones is a famous English
group that was formed in London in 1962.
20 Joke = a little story with a funny ending.
The Joker is the villain (the baddie) from
the Batman movies.
21 Prawn = a small pink (when cooked)
creature with a long tail that lives in a sea
and that you can eat.
Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic,
a country in Central Europe.
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23
MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
13 Key word: GARLIC
COFFEE
AUDIO
COFFEE
What’s your favourite hot drink? Most people round the world drink coffee. But the British are different, as always.
They prefer tea: tea in the morning, tea in the afternoon, tea for lunch, tea for dinner and tea before going to bed.
Of course, they do drink coffee, but it’s probably like nothing you’ve ever tried before. So what is British coffee like?
And where can you try it?
Poor Quality
For centuries, Europeans have been making fun of British coffee.
They say it’s like mud with water, or water with a bit of mud, or just
plain mud. However, the British like it because it isn’t too strong.
The most common variety is instant coffee. This comes in a jar and
it’s really easy to make. You just add water, which is perfect for
lazy Brits who don’t want to spend hours with complicated coffee
machines or pots.
British people are very proud of their instant coffee. They’ll be
pleased to inform you all about its attributes, including the fact
that you can keep the jar for years, how it’s cheap and how it’s so
easy to make. Some British coffee “experts” have even come up
with a useful guide on how to make the best cup of instant coffee.
Here it is:
• First, put fresh water from the tap into the kettle. Avoid using
dirty river water or expensive bottled water.
• Allow the water to boil - this means it has to reach a temperature
of at least 99º C. However, if you are in a rush, some experts
recommend using water from the hot tap.
• Next, put a teaspoon of coffee in your coffee mug - preferably a
thick, blue china one.
• Now you can pour in the water; however, be careful not to use
boiling water as this can damage the coffee granules.
• Next, add a little milk - just enough to give the coffee a
tempting, light-brown colour.
• And now you are ready to drink your coffee. You should do this
over a period of three hours, making the coffee last as long as
possible, which is just the way the British like it.
24
+
+
=
So, now you know how the British like their coffee, which should be
really useful for your next trip there.
GLOSSARY
mud n
a mixture of water and earth
a jar n
a glass container for food or drink
lazy adj
a “lazy” person doesn’t like to work
proud adj
if you are “proud of” someone or
something, you are very pleased with
their qualities or abilities
an attribute n
a quality or feature
to come up with phr vb
to think of; to invent
a tap n
a metal object you use to permit water
to come out of a tube
a kettle n
a metal container for boiling water
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to avoid vb
this verb is used to give suggestions
and advice. It is used to tell you what
you should not do
to boil vb
to make water 100ºC
in a rush exp
if you are “in a rush”, you need to go
somewhere quickly or you have things
to do
a teaspoon n
a small spoon used to put sugar in
coffee
china n
a type of material used to make
decorative cups and plates that are hard
but delicate
to pour vb
to put liquid from one container to
another
The story of the origins of coffee is full of mystery, intrigue and adventure. Where did it coffee come?
And how did it arrive in Britain? Let’s see.
Manic Goats
There is a legend about
the discovery of coffee
and it goes like this:
One day, a goatherd
called Kaldi noticed
how his goats became
over-excited after eating
berries from a certain
tree. He became curious
and decided to make himself a drink from the same berries. The drink
was delicious and it kept him awake all that night.
Two days later, he took his new drink to a merchant who started
to sell the drink all over Arabia. It soon became very popular.
Years later, people started drinking coffee in public coffee houses,
known as “qahveh khaneh”. People went there to talk, listen to music,
watch belly dancers, play chess and drink coffee - how civilised! Soon
afterwards, the Arabs started cultivating coffee and trading it; and
by the sixteenth century it was being drunk in Persia, Egypt, Syria
and Turkey. So how did it get to the western world?
The Flying
Dutchman
The person responsible
for bringing coffee
production to the west
was a young Dutchman
called Hans Nesley. In
the early 17th century,
he stole some seedlings
from the Arabs and took
them to Java (Indonesia), where he started cultivating coffee trees,
and very soon the Dutch were producing their own coffee and selling
it around the world. But then the Dutch did a stupid thing.
In 1714, the Mayor of Amsterdam, in an act of kindness,
presented a young coffee tree to King Louis XIV of France. Almost
immediately, the clever French king ordered the tree to be planted
in the French island of Martinique in the Caribbean. It grew well,
and soon there were over 18 million of them on the island. And
now the French had a share of the market.
The Flying
Brazilian
The Pope
Approves
The first Europeans to
try coffee were those
who travelled to the
Middle East in the
16th century. European
travellers brought back
stories of the “unusual
dark beverage”. At first
it was referred to as the “bitter invention of Satan”, and many
priests condemned it. Things got so bad that Pope Clement VIII
was asked to intervene. To help him make up his mind, he had
a quick cup himself; and he found the drink so satisfying that he
gave it Papal approval. Coffee soon became the number one drink
in Europe.
Revolution
And from there, coffee
found its way to Brazil.
This was all thanks to a
Portuguese man called
Francisco de Mello
Palheta. He was posted as
ambassador to Martinique,
where he seduced the
French governor’s wife, Madame le Pot. Years later, when Francisco was
about to leave, Madame le Pot gave him a bouquet of flowers; and
hidden inside the flowers there were lots of coffee seeds. Francisco
took these to Brazil and begin what is today a billion-dollar industry.
Unfortunately the British were never clever enough to get their
own trees; and even if they had, the trees wouldn’t have been
happy in Britain with all the rain and lack of sun. And that’s why
the British prefer tea.
GLOSSARY
Coffee houses began to
appear everywhere, and
by the mid-17th century
there were over 300 of
them in London. Many
businesses grew out of
these specialised coffee
houses, such as Lloyd’s
of London, the famous
insurance company (it was first called “Edward Lloyd’s
Coffee House”).
In England these coffee houses were called “penny universities”
because for just one penny you could have a cup of coffee and a
stimulating conversation. Meanwhile the Arabs were trying hard to
keep control of their lucrative trade. But their hold on the coffee
monopoly didn’t last long.
a goatherd n
a person who looks after “goats” (see
below)
a goat n
an animal with a beard and horns that
looks a bit like a sheep
a berry n
a small fruit that grows on trees or
bushes
to keep you awake exp
to prevent you from sleeping
a merchant n
a person who buys and sells things
a belly dancer n
a woman who dances to Arabic music.
Literally, your “belly” is your stomach
to trade vb
to buy and sell things
a beverage n
a drink
bitter adj
not sweet
the Pope n
the head of the Catholic Church
to intervene vb
to become involved in a situation with
the intention of changing it
to make up your mind exp
to decide what you want to do
Papal approval n
if something has “Papal approval”, the
pope says it’s OK
a lucrative trade n
a business that makes a lot of money
seedlings n
a young plant that has been grown from
a seed (see below)
posted adj
sent to work in a certain place
seeds n
parts of a plant that can grow into more
plants if you put them in the ground
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25
THE ORIGINS OF COFFEE
the origins of coffee
AUDIO
COFFEE TRIVIA
Coffee Trivia
Sit back and enjoy some coffee-related trivia. Later, you’ll be able to impress your friends and
colleagues over coffee, of course, with your newly-acquired and highly interesting knowledge about
this product.
Coffee is actually a fruit.
You can grow your own coffee tree from an unprocessed coffee bean
(the fruit). Try it at home.
It takes about 3 or 4 years for the little tree to begin to produce the
coffee fruit.
Ireland. Passengers flew from there across the Atlantic to the
United States on an 18-hour trip. The flight was very cold and
uncomfortable, so Sheridan decided to develop something hot,
alcoholic and with an Irish flavour - and he came up with Irish
coffee, which is made with Irish whiskey, cream, sugar and coffee.
According to an international study, coffee has a negative effect on
men’s virility.
A coffee tree has a lifespan of about 50 years.
The coffee fruit is also known as the coffee cherry. It turns bright
red when it is ready to be picked.
The coffee cherries are roasted at a temperature of about 200ºC.
The cherries are kept moving so they don’t burn. When they reach an
internal temperature of about 200ºC, they begin to turn brown and
the oil inside starts to come out. This process is called “pyrolysis”,
and it is this process that produces that delicious coffee aroma.
It takes over 600,000 beans to fill a coffee sack.
Students who are studying for exams often chew coffee beans to
stay awake at night.
Some people claim that they can read your fortune by analysing
your coffee grains.
Take some coffee beans with you the next time you want to choose
a new perfume: sniffing the coffee each time you try a different
perfume will refresh your nose.
The next time you have a dying plant, put a mixture of coffee grains
and sugar on the soil - it’s guaranteed to revive your plant.
A good worker can pick about 100 kilos of coffee cherries a day.
100 kilos of coffee cherries will produce about 10 kilos of roasted
coffee beans.
The average American adult consumes over 5 kilos of coffee per year.
57% of all coffee is drunk at breakfast.
Brazil and Colombia grow more than 70% of the world’s supply
of coffee.
37% of coffee drinkers have black coffee.
Coffee is the second largest commodity in the world (oil is the first).
During the 16th century, 1 kilo of coffee was worth the present-day
equivalent of 400 euros.
The French philosopher Voltaire used to drink about 40 cups of
coffee every day. No wonder he wrote so much!
During the 19th century, coffee was used as a medicine for sick
people.
Irish coffee was invented by an Irishman called Joe Sheridan in
1942. He was a chef at the flying-boat seaport of Foynes, in
26
The French and American revolutions were planned in coffee
houses.
In December 2001, Brazil produced a scented stamp to promote its
coffee. They claimed the smell on the stamp could last for 5 years.
GLOSSARY
over coffee exp
while you are drinking coffee
a lifespan n
the period of time that a life lasts
to pick vb
to take something in your hands - in
this case, fruit
to roast vb
to cook something without liquid in a
hot fire
a sack n
a container made of material that is
often used to hold potatoes
a commodity n
a basic item that is sold for money
a chef n
a professional cook
a flying-boat n
a plane that can land on water and float
a seaport n
an area from which boats leave and
arrive
to come up with phr vb
to think of; to invent
a man’s virility n
a man’s ability to reproduce
to chew vb
to use your mouth to break food into
smaller pieces
a grain n
a very small hard piece of something,
such as coffee or sand
to sniff vb
to smell something by taking in lots of
short breaths through your nose
to refresh vb
to make you feel fresh again; in this
case, to clear your nose
soil n
earth - the substance on the ground in
which plants grow
to revive vb
to make something come alive again
a coffee house n
a restaurant where you can buy and
drink coffee
scented adj
with a strong and pleasant smell on it
a stamp n
a small piece of paper with a value on
it. You put it on an envelope so you can
send a letter
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VOCABULARY COFFEE
VOCABULARY COFFEE
Here is some useful vocabulary related to COFFEE
Café - this is a restaurant which serves
coffee, amongst many other things. It is
also known as a “caff”.
Coffee brewing - this is the process
that takes place as the coffee grains and
boiling water mix and produce the black
liquid otherwise known as coffee. For
a coffee drinker, there is nothing more
pleasing than waking up to the sounds
of coffee sputtering away in a coffee
percolator.
Mug - this is a large cup made of thick
china. The British use it for drinking coffee.
Always ask for a mug as you get more coffee
for your money.
Ground coffee - this refers to the
coffee beans that have been ground to
produce coffee grains. These grains give
off a delicious smell that accounts for
the popularity of shops that sell the ground
coffee.
Teaspoon - this is the little spoon you
use to stir the milk or sugar into your
coffee. In the past they used to be made of
silver, but these days they are often plastic.
Coffee beans - this is the innocent
little brown bean that often appears floating
in a glass of Irish coffee. Chew them before
exams to keep you awake at night… and to
help you study.
Cup and saucer - this is a delicate
china cup that comes with a little plate
(the saucer). It is for the sophisticated
drinker. Slurping the coffee that falls onto
the saucer is considered the height of
good manners in British high society, as is
dunking your biscuits.
Black - this is a word to describe a coffee
with no milk. It is particularly popular with
Scandinavians. In Britain, if you ask for a
coffee they assume you want one with milk
(a white coffee). So make sure you say “a
black coffee” if you want one without milk.
Sugar lumps - this is the little square
of sugar that some cafés and restaurants
offer you. There is an international debate
on what is the best for your coffee: the
sugar lump or ordinary sugar grains that
come in a sachet. The modern alternative is
the artificial coffee sweetener, which keeps
you thin and gives you a radioactive glow.
Decaf (decaffeinated coffee) - this is the
light version that apparently has no caffeine
in it. Perfect for those with high blood
pressure.
Coffee table - this is a low table that
is in most people’s living rooms. It often
has empty coffee cups and large books that
are full of photos on it. It is also ideal for
putting any other junk that doesn’t have a
“home”.
Froth - this is the mixture of air and milk
that is produced by some coffee-making
machines, and which is often put on top of
cappuccinos and continental coffees.
Coffee pot - this is the object you use
to make your coffee. It is made of metal,
and you put the coffee in the top. True Brits
prefer a kettle for boiling their water.
Percolator (or “filter machine”) - this is
a complex coffee machine that makes “real”
coffee, not the instant kind. There is a filter
system that is used to stop all the coffee
grains going into your cup.
28
GLOSSARY
to stir vb
to use a spoon to mix a liquid
to slurp vb
to make a lot of noise with your mouth
while you are drinking
to dunk your biscuits exp
to put your biscuits in your coffee (or
other hot drink) and then to eat the
biscuit
a sachet n
a small square envelope made of paper
that contains sugar
a glow n
if you have a “glow”, you have a light
coming from you
junk n
rubbish and things you don’t need
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These words
are all in British English.
a*kettle
n
a metal object for boiling water
a filter n
a piece of material with little holes in
it. The liquid goes through the little
holes and solids stay in the filter
to sputter away phr vb
to continuously make a noise as the
water is boiling and jumping out of
the container
to grind n (past: ground)
if you “grind” coffee beans, you press
them so they become grains
to give off phr vb
to produce (a smell, liquid, etc)
AUDIO
TYPICALDIALOGUES
TYPICAL DIALOGUES
ANSWERS ON PAGE 50
THE COFFEE SHOP
Here’s a typical dialogue with lots of useful vocabulary and
expressions to use when you order a coffee. In this scene Rupert
is trying to order a coffee. Listen to the conversation and answer
these questions.
1. What kind of coffee does Rupert want at first?
2. Why doesn’t Rupert like his cappuccino?
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Rupert:
Waiter:
Good afternoon. How can I help you?
I’d like a cup of coffee to take away, please.
Any particular brand?
No, just an ordinary coffee, please.
White?
Yes, a white coffee with two sugars, please.
(he pours the coffee) Here you are. One white
coffee coming up.
(he tries the coffee) But this coffee is stone cold!
Oh, so you wanted a hot coffee?
Yes, of course I did.
Well why didn’t you say? Right, one ‘hot’ coffee.
Actually, I’ve just changed my mind. I’ll have a decaf
cappuccino, please.
Right! One decaf cappuccino. Would sir like it hot?
Yes, hot, please.
Some people! (he disappears under the counter)
Excuse me, what are you doing down there under the
counter?
(coughing from under the counter) Nothing - er, I’m just
making your cappuccino.
No you’re not. You’re just imitating the noise that a
cappuccino machine makes.
No, I’m not. Now, do you want this drink or not.
Yes.
Well, stop disturbing me. (he disappears again)
No, no, no. Wait a minute. You’re doing it again.
What?
You’re making those noises.
No, I’m not.
Rupert: Yes, you are. Every time you go under the counter those
noises start.
Waiter: It’s, it’s just a coincidence.
Rupert: Well, I bet you can’t make my cappuccino and continue
talking to me at the same time.
Waiter: Yes, I can. Oh, look. Here’s your cappuccino.
Rupert: What the hell is that?
Waiter: A cup of cappuccino.
Rupert: But there are coffee beans floating on the top.
Waiter: Ah, sorry. I forgot to grind them. Please allow me. (bang,
bang, bang) There you are.
Rupert: And there’s no frothy milk. A cappuccino isn’t a
cappuccino without the frothy milk.
Waiter: You want more froth?
Rupert: Yes.
Waiter: Well, I don’t know whether I’ll be able to manage it, but I’ll
give it a go. (he disappears once more) OK, here you are.
Rupert: Fantastic. How much is it?
Waiter: Two euros, please.
Rupert: Here you are, bye.
Waiter: Bye, and enjoy the drink.
GLOSSARY
to take away exp
if you buy food or coffee to “take away”,
you take that food out of the restaurant
white (coffee) n
a coffee with milk
coming up exp
people say this as they are about to
give you something, or just before they
prepare it. It is like saying, “your food
will be ready in a minute”
stone cold exp
very, very cold
some people! exp
an expression of anger or disapproval
a counter n
the long table in a bar where you go to
order drinks
to disturb vb
to annoy, to irritate
I bet… exp
I’m sure…
the hell exp inform
an expression of anger
to float vb
if something is floating on a liquid, it is
sitting on the surface of the liquid
to grind vb
if you “grind” coffee beans, you press
them so they become coffee grains
frothy milk n
milk that has a lot of air in it
froth n
a mixture of a liquid and air that sits on
the surface of the liquid
to give it a go exp
to try; to make an attempt
here you are exp
waiters and waitresses say when they
give you food or drink
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29
ANSWERS ON PAGE 50
CROSSWORD
CROSSWORD
Across
Down
1: A person who is nice, kind, pleasant and agreeable:
L____________
3: A piece of false hair
4: To collect. To __________ up
5: A piece of material you put over someone’s eyes so they cannot
see: a bl________
8: Someone who thinks they are the best: arro ____________
9: An area that has no direct sunlight
10: The back part of a car where you can put bags, etc
11: To get on a train or bus. To ___________ the train or bus
14: Rude and disrespectful: ch___________
15: Coffee with no milk: __________coffee
16: The object in a car that you press to make a loud noise
17: Suddenly and unexpectedly: by ______________
20: To make a noise as you are drinking. To sl_________
2:
3:
5:
6:
Practice English
Conversations
A person who pretends to be another person
Coffee with milk: a wh_______ coffee
An expression that means, “I am sure…”: I _________...
To annoy and irritate someone: to di_____________ that
person
7: An informal word for a taxi
driver. A c__________
12: To remove. To ________
away
13: A box that you send by
post
18: To throw
19: To trick someone in order
to get some money: to
________ someone off
1,000 words & expressions in
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See if you can identify the word below. Then, try to find these words (here on the right) in the Wordsearch.
Good luck! Answers on page 50.
MATCHING
A: Mud
B: A jar
C: A tap
D: A teaspoon
E: To pour
F: A beverage
G: A seer
H: A peddler
I: To seize
J: A chariot
K: To drag
L: To develop (film)
M: To hand in
N: To pick up
MUD
PEDDLER
JAR
SEIZE
TAP
CHARIOT
TEASPOON
DRAG
POUR
DEVELOP
BEVERAGE
HAND
SEER
PICK
See if you can match the two columns.
Answers on page 50.
1. A vehicle for one person that is pulled by horses
2. To make photos from a roll of camera film
3. A mixture of water and earth
4. A metal object for opening and closing a water pipe
5. A drink
6. A person who travels to different places and sells things
7. To move liquid from one container to another
8. To give
9. To collect
10. To physically pull someone
11. A glass container for liquids
12. A person who can predict the future
13. To take suddenly and with force
14. A small spoon for serving sugar
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31
WORDSEARCH
WORDSEARCH
AUDIO
DR FINGERS’GRAMMAR CLINIC
DR FINGERS’GRAMMAR CLINIC
Dear Dr Fingers,
I was wondering about the difference between the words “whether”
and “if”. Please could you help me as my students asked about this
and I didn’t know what to say? Thank you very much.
Michael (by e-mail)
Dear Michael,
Thank you very much for your question. Of course, I would be
delighted to try and help explain the difference between “whether”
and “if”. It is a little bit complicated as in many cases they are
very similar and interchangeable, but in other cases only one
option is possible. Let’s see.
“Whether” & “If” - Similarities
Both “whether” and “if” can be used in reported speech with verbs
such as “ask”. For example:
“I asked her if I could take her car.” “I asked her whether I could
take her car.”
“She asked me if I spoke French.” “She asked me whether I spoke French.”
“She asked if I liked it.” “She asked whether I liked it.”
However, there are many other cases when it is only possible to
use “whether”. Let’s see a few examples.
“Whether”
We use “whether” (and an infinitive with “to”) after the verbs
“know”, “ask” and “wonder” when there are two or more
alternatives or options. For example:
“I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or whether to go to
the theatre.”
It isn’t always necessary to mention the second “whether”. So, we
could say the previous sentence like this:
“I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or (whether) to go to
the theatre.”
You can also use “or not” instead of mentioning the other option:
Today ’s class:
Whether & If
“I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or not.”
We always use “whether” if there is a preposition:
“We were talking about whether we should pay more money for it.”
“We were thinking about whether we should go early or late.”
And we often use “whether” when it is followed by an infinitive
with “to”:
“I was wondering whether to tell you or Steve.”
“I’ve been wondering whether to speak now or later.”
“If”
It is NOT possible to use “if” when there are two alternative
options, particularly with expressions like “I’m not sure”, “I don’t
know” and “wonder” plus an infinitive with “to”. For example:
“I’m not sure whether to go to France or Italy.” It is NOT possible
to say, “I’m not sure if…
“I don’t know whether to tell Michael or Sam.” It is NOT possible
to say, “I don’t know if…
“I’ve been wondering whether to go by train or plane.” It is NOT
possible to say, “I’ve been wondering if…
Right, I hope that has answered your question. Just remember to
use “whether” when there are alternatives, and you should be OK.
Now, I must go and drink some cocoa.
Bye, Dr Fingers
JOKE - THE PIRATE
by Daniel Coutoune
GLOSSARY
a wooden leg n
a false leg (made of
wood)
a hook n
a false hand (made of
metal)
an eye patch n
a small piece of
material that you put
over your eye
a seagull n
a bird that lives near
the sea
a seagull dropping n
excrement from this
bird
32
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AUDIO
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
THE FOCUS GROUP
In this dialogue, Paul, the head of marketing for an
independent television company has organised a focus
group. He wants to hear people’s opinions on a new
television programme to help the company decide whether
to show the programme or not. The group have just finished
watching the pilot programme and now they are invited
to talk about it. Listen to the dialogue and see if you can
answer these questions:
1. Why is the head of marketing excited at first?
2. Why does he get angry?
Paul:
OK, so you’ve seen the show. Now I’d like to hear
your opinions.
Participant I: Well, I really like the show.
Participant II: Yeah, I thought it was really good. The presenter is
sort of likeable.
Paul:
Fantastic! This is great. You know we really
appreciate your opinions. It helps us focus on
customer needs. You know, I don’t want to
mislead you or anything, but I just knew you’d
like this show, especially after we spent so much
on it. Anyway, keep going!
Participant I: Yes, he is really good at connecting with his
audience. I’d watch this show again.
Participant II: Yes, so would I - it’s just so interesting.
Paul:
Fantastic! Fantastic! Hey, wait a minute! I notice
there’s a gentleman at the back who hasn’t said
anything yet. Hello, would you like to contribute too?
Participant III: Erm, yes, OK.
Paul:
Well, we’re waiting. What did you think of the
show? It’s good isn’t it?
Participant III: Well, I’m afraid I didn’t really like it.
Paul:
You didn’t like it? Hey, everybody, did you hear
that. This cheeky young gentleman said he didn’t
like the show. Would you mind telling us why?
Participant III: I just don’t like it… I don’t like him.
Paul:
Oh, well, could you be a bit more specific?
Participant III: I don’t know. I just don’t like him, I don’t know
why.
Paul:
Well, I’m afraid that’s not really specific enough.
Look, all these people here said they really liked
the show. Why do you have to be so different?
Participant III: I’m really sorry.
Paul:
Sorry? Sorry isn’t good enough. What exactly is it
that you don’t like about the presenter?
Participant III: I don’t know. I just don’t like him. I suppose it’s
because he comes across as a bit, sort of, bigheaded and arrogant.
Paul:
OK, OK, that’s enough. Now, given that everyone
else likes the show, wouldn’t like to revise your
opinion, perhaps? That way we can get some sort
of consensus here.
Participant III: Yes, OK. Whatever you say.
Paul:
Good, so that’s agreed, is it? We all like the show.
So, thank you once again. And, you know, this is
what marketing is all about: refining the product
so that it meets customer demand. Thank you.
Exercise
Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.
You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping
sound. See if you can write the missing word. (The answers
are on the page 50.)
1. The presenter is sort ________ likeable.
2. It helps us focus ________ customer needs.
3. Especially after we spent so much _______ it.
4. He is really good at connecting _________ his audience.
5. What did you think __________ the show?
6. What exactly is it that you don’t like ________ the
presenter?
GLOSSARY
a focus group n
a group pf people who are selected to
make comments on a new product
a pilot programme n
a potential television programme that
is produced to test it on an audience
likeable adj
nice, kind
customer needs n
what the customer wants
to mislead vb
to trick someone by giving them false
information
I’m afraid exp
I’m sorry but...
cheeky adj
disrespectful, not respectful
big-headed adj
with ideas about how important you
are
arrogant adj
having ideas of superiority
a consensus n
if there is a “consensus”, everyone is
in agreement
to refine vb
to perfect; to make improvements
customer demand n
what the customer requires
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33
DOGS IDIOMS
DOGS IDIOMS
This month we are looking at some idioms related to “dogs”. This is the second part of a mini-series.
Illustrations by Jorge Tarruella
A dogsbody (dogÔs-body)
A person who does routine,
mechanical, boring jobs in a
business or company:
“I thought I would be working
on really exciting projects,
interviewing people and things
like that, but in the end I
turned out to be the office
dogsbody.”
His bark is worse than his bite
This expression is used to refer to someone
who is not so unkind or bad as they may
seem to be:
“She shouts a lot and gets really angry when
things don’t go well, but I wouldn’t worry
because her bark is worse than her bite.”
A dog’s dinner
If you make a “dog’s dinner” of
something, you do it really badly:
“He tried to cut his own hair and made a
real dog’s dinner of it.”
To lead a dog’s life
To have a bad life that is miserable and hard:
“I work 12 hours a day, then I get home and
have to look after the baby till 12 at night,
then get up again at 6 in the morning. It’s a
dog’s life!”
To give a dog a bad name [and hang him]
To say something bad about someone,
knowing that this will give that person a
bad reputation forever - a reputation that is
impossible to eliminate:
“Apparently, he once ‘borrowed’ a few pounds
from the company safe, and now they call him
Jimmy ‘The Thief’ Williams. It was a case of
‘give a dog a bad name’.”
To throw somebody to the dogs
To allow someone to be criticised or
attacked in order to protect yourself
from being criticised or attacked:
“The president thought of the idea, but
when it all went badly, she threw us to
the dogs to save her own reputation.”
34
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To work like a dog
To work very hard:
“I’m exhausted now
because I’ve been
working like a dog all
week.”
GLOSSARY
Please note that some of
the words in this glossary
box are literal translations
of parts of idiomatic
expressions.
to turn out phr vb
to have a particular result
to bark vb
when dogs “bark”, they make
a lot of noise with their
mouth
to borrow vb
if you “borrow” something
from someone, you take it
or use it for a short period
of time, usually with their
permission
a safe n
a strong box in which you
can keep money or jewellery
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35
A look at some cool places from around the world
MONTREAL
Amazing World
MONTREAL
By David Podbere (an English-speaking Canadian from Montreal - North American spelling)
Montreal is one of the greatest cities on earth. It has a unique culture, with its mixture of French and
English, and it’s something you won’t find anywhere else in the world. It’s also quite cheap (apart from
the beer and wine). If you want to visit one of the best cities in North America, this is the place for you.
The French
Most places in Canada are English-speaking, but Montreal is
different. It is a city run by the French and for the French. And if
you want to work there, you have to speak French.
The French and the English generally stay apart from each other.
Most of the English can’t speak French and don’t want to learn;
and most of the French don’t like to speak English. However, it is
this clash of cultures which makes Montreal interesting.
The French spoken in Montreal is often referred to as Quebequoise
after the name of the province. In fact, it is so different from
European French that Quebequoise has become a separate dialect.
It is based on 17th-century French and it isn’t the most pleasant
of languages to listen to. Words are slurred, and perhaps the best
way to describe Quebequoise is to imagine a duck speaking French:
“qua-qua-quak-quou-qua.”
That pretty much says it all. Anyway, you’ll have fun listening to it.
Food
one of the many other mountains. Then, when your body aches
from exhaustion, go to one of the mountain bars with friends
and have a hot chocolate and a plate of poutine. Then you will
understand why it’s the best food in the world.
In the trendier areas of Montreal there are restaurants where you
can choose different types of cheese - such as Gouda, Camembert,
Bola or Brie - to melt over your French fries. You can also choose
how you want your cheese (thick or thin), and what flavour of
gravy you want.
Syrup
Quebec, and Montreal in particular, is also the home of maple
syrup. You haven’t tasted a pancake until you’ve tried one with
real maple syrup. Maple syrup is the boiled sap from a maple tree,
which is also Canada’s national tree (the leaf on the flag is a
maple leaf). During the winter, you can go north of Montreal and
see maple syrup being made. There are also trips where you can
help prepare the syrup, and then take home the syrup you made.
Of course, the French have contributed much more than just their
language. All of the best and uniquely Canadian food comes from
the French. For example, in Montreal you can find “poutine”. This
French invention is my personal favorite, although I must warn
you that it isn’t for everyone. Basically, you take French fries, melt
cheese over them, and then soak them in hot gravy. Delicious!
Poutine is a quick snack to have if you’re feeling a bit hungry - a
tasty, filling, delicious treat.
The best way to experience poutine is to go north of Montreal to
one of the ski resorts. Spend all day skiing down Mont Blanc, or
36
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Vieux Montreal
Montreal is also great for music. There’s a famous jazz festival in
the summer. You need a pass for most of the shows, which are
usually performed outdoors during the day and night. But wherever
you are in Montreal you can hear the music while you are walking
in the streets.
Apart from that, every Sunday the mountain next to Montreal is
filled with drummers and dancers, an event that Montrealers like
to call the “bongos”. It starts about 10 in the morning, when the
mountain begins to fill until it’s packed by midday. The bongos
themselves don’t usually start until 11 or 12.
Also around the mountain area is the area called the “ghetto”,
which is actually a rather attractive area of town where the Mcgill
University students live for the school year.
One of the most spectacular areas is the old city, Vieux Montreal.
It is near the harbour front, where the city was founded. Some of
Montreal’s best architecture is in the old city. Go there during the
weekend when it is full of street performers, and carts selling
popcorn.
Finally there is Outremont, which is on the other side of the
mountain. This area is another very strange mixture of cultures. On
the one hand it has expensive cafés and stores and lots of yuppies.
But there’s another side to it as it is home to Montreal’s ultrareligious Jewish population. On a hot summer day you will see the
most unusual sight in this area: a yuppie in the latest fashionable
clothing walking past a religious man wearing a black hat and
jacket, similar to the one his great-grandfather wore when he was
freezing in the north of Russia.
And that’s Montreal for you. Will you be going to Montreal on your
next visit to Canada?
INFORMATION BOX
Shopping
If you’re looking to do a bit of shopping, then go to the downtown
area of St Laurent and Prince Arthur. This is the trendy area of
shops and restaurants. It has large open streets for walking, and
it’s closed off to cars. It’s been said many times that Montreal is
the most European of North American cities and it’s in this area
that you can really feel it. Usually it would be unheard of in North
America to close off a street to cars but here on Prince Arthur the
streets are for the people.
Further along, you begin to leave the heart of the city. If you keep
walking down Ontario Street, you will soon enter an entirely new
world where no English is heard. This is the strictly French and
much older area of the city called Hochelaga, which has a lot of
character.
The History Of Montreal
Montreal is the largest city
in Quebec, the French
province of Canada.
Montreal was built
next to the mountain
Mont Real (Mount
Royal in English) by
French settlers in the
17th century. The city is
right next to the St Lawrence
River, and lies on an island in this
river. It was one of the earliest settlements in Canada and the
natives used to call this island-mountain Hochelaga.
After many wars with the French, Canada eventually became
part of the British Empire, but the French never left Canada.
While Canada is officially a bilingual country with French and
English as its native languages, most provinces are entirely
English. Only New Brunswick is officially bilingual. Quebec
is entirely French except for the city of Montreal. You will
hear lots of English here because it has a very large English
university called McGill, and a smaller one called Concordia.
GLOSSARY
a clash of cultures n
a mixture of different and opposing
cultures
to slur vb
not to pronounce words very clearly,
usually after drinking too much alcohol
to soak vb
to cover something with a liquid
gravy n
a sauce made from meat juices
a snack n
food you eat between meals when you
are hungry
to ache vb
to feel some pain in the body
trendy adj (trendier)
fashionable
sap n
the liquid that comes out of trees
a leaf n
trees have many leaves on them. They
are green, and become brown in autumn
packed adj
filled with many people
closed off to cars exp
a street that does not permit traffic
unheard of adj
something that would never be done
a street performer n
a person who plays music or does theatre
in the street
a cart n
a small vehicle with wheels
popcorn n
food that is typically eaten in cinemas
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37
MONTREAL
Music & Cinema
NIGEL IN MONTREAL
Living Abroad
Nigel in
MONTREAL
Every month we interview someone who has visited or lived in a foreign country about their
experiences there. This month we are talking to Nigel from England about his time with a French
family in Montreal.
Nigel, why did you go to Montreal?
Where did you stay?
Well, I was studying French at university and I had to spend a
year in a foreign university as part of my course. I chose to go to
Quebec, Canada.
I was staying with a French family. They had a son about my age
so that was fun. At first I didn’t understand anything because they
have a very strange accent, but after a while I got used to it, but
it was never easy.
What were your first impressions?
Montreal is really amazing as it’s like a mixture between a modern
American city and a European one. There’s a commercial centre
with its buildings made of concrete and glass, and there’s also the
old sector with European-style houses from the 19th century.
What did you do there?
Well, I was studying most of the time, but I went out a lot too;
and I did lots of skiing in the winter months.
What were the best things about being there?
The things I liked the most were the food, the skiing, and the
music. The food is fantastic, mostly because of all the French
influence. My favourite snack was poutine, which is a strange
mixture of chips, with melted cheese and gravy on them. They
serve it everywhere in the city, and you eat it in the street off a
plastic plate, or you can go to one of the trendy bars and have the
gourmet version with your choice of cheese and gravy.
There are also lots of places to get bagels in Montreal, with all
sorts of delicious fillings such as cream cheese and smoked salmon,
which they call lox. My favourite restaurant was “Bagel Etc”. They
do fantastic breakfasts - highly recommended. In the Latin quarter
38
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are really quite funny. Also, the English speakers have some
expressions that I’ve never heard before. They end just about every
sentence with “eh?”. They use it like we use question tags, for
example they might say:
“How’s that food? It’s good, eh?” Meaning:
“How’s that food? It’s good, isn’t it?”
The other big difference is the way they pronounce “about”, which
is a bit like the way a Scottish person would say it, “aboot”. They
use this word a lot, especially in one of their favourite expressions:
“out and about”, which means “out on the town”. For example:
A: “Where were you last night?”
B: “Oh, you know, out and about,” (pronounced “oot and aboot”).
What was the funniest thing that happened to
you there?
The funniest thing was when I got back from a skiing trip once.
I had just been up for the day and I had cream all over my
face. When I got in, I wanted to say, “I have to wash my face”.
However, in my very bad French I said, “je dois laver ma face”
(I used the English word “face” instead of the French word
“visage”). Immediately, Marie, the mother in the family where I
was staying, started laughing. And when I asked her what was
wrong, her son explained that in French “fez” (which is similar to
the pronunciation an English person would give to “face”) means
bottom. So, I had kindly informed them that I was going to wash
my bottom… which isn’t the kind of information most people want
to know about. Luckily, they all saw the funny side of it.
What advice would you give to somebody who is
thinking of going to Montreal?
Take lots of warm clothes, get a cassette of Quebequoise (the
French they speak there) so you can get used to the accent before
you go, and take plenty of money so you can buy lots of delicious
food and go skiiing.
Would you go back?
Are there any good tourist areas to visit?
Yes, definitely.
I really liked Vieux Montreal, which is the old area. It has lots
of beautiful squares and buildings, such as the Basilique de Notre
Dame, which is a beautiful cathedral. Apparently, the Protestant
Irish politician, O’Donnell, was so impressed with it that he got
converted to Catholicism just so he could get buried there - and
he is!
Another really interesting area is around the harbour. You can
visit the Tour de l’Horloge, which is a big clock tower that you can
walk up (192 steps). There’s a view of Montreal from the top.
OK Nigel, that was really interesting, thank you very much.
Interesting Web Sites
the jazz festival:
www.montrealjazzfest.com
the comedy festival:
www.hahaha.com
the French music festival:
www.francofolies.com
the film festival:
www.montrealinternationalfilmfestival.com
What were the worst things about being there?
There’s nothing really bad about Montreal, although it does get a
bit cold in winter. Apparently, one year there was an ice storm that
lasted about four days. It left the city without electricity for a few
days after that. It was never that bad when I was there, but still,
it does get very cold.
How were the people different?
The funniest thing for me was the way the people spoke. The
French they speak there is really strange. Apparently, it’s the same
French they used to speak in 17th century France, and the sounds
GLOSSARY
to get used to something exp
to become accustomed to something
trendy adj
fashionable
a bagel n
a heavy form of bread in a circular
shape, often used to make sandwiches
a resort n
an area in the mountains where you
can go skiing
live music n
music that you listen to while a band
or musicians sing or play
to bury vb
to put a body or object in the ground
a bottom n
the part of your body that you sit on
plenty of exp
lots of
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39
NIGEL IN MONTREAL
they have signs saying “Apportez Votre Vin”, which means bring
your own wine.
In the winter months I went skiing. The resorts are really close to
the city, and the snow is perfect. At night, you can go to bars to
see live music; and in the summer there’s the international Jazz
Festival, where you can see all sorts of musicians. In the past,
people like BB King and Dave Brubeck played there. Apart from
music festivals, there are other festivals, such as “Juste Pour Rire”
(Just For Laughs), whic is a comedy festival. Stars like Rowan
Atkinson (Mr Bean) and Jim Carrey have performed there. Finally,
there’s the Montreal Film Festival, which is the Canadian version
of Cannes.
ACHILLES
Weird World
ACHILLES
Have you ever heard of the expression “Achilles heel”? If you have, you may have wondered where it came from.
Actually, Achilles was a Greek warrior from about the 12th century BC (that’s about 3,000 years ago), who fought in the
Trojan War. This was a war of revenge to rescue a kidnapped Greek princess, Helen; and if you’ve seen the film “Troy”,
you’ll know all about these characters. So, what was so special about Achilles and his heel?
“Achilles Heel” & “Achilles Tendon”
The expression “Achilles heel” is universal. Basically, someone’s
“Achilles heel” is the weakest point in their character or nature;
and it is the point where it is easiest for other people to attack or
criticise them. For example, we could say:
“Sarah’s Achilles heel is that she can’t act under pressure”; or,
“Nigel’s Achilles heel is his fear that people will discover what he
did in the past.”
Notice how there is no possessive apostrophe after “Achilles”;
and instead of writing “Achilles’ heel”, we write “Achilles heel”.
Normally we include the apostrophe to refer to a possessive. For
example, we would say, “Charles’ foot”. However, when expressions
like this become part of the language, the apostrophe is dropped.
This is the case with expressions such as “Champions League”
(which is NOT “Champions’ League”).
Another expression to come from this Greek warrior is “Achilles
tendon”, which is the tendon (a cord which joins muscle to bone)
at the back of your leg just above your foot. Here is an example of
a sentence with this word in it:
“It was an important injury as she broke an Achilles tendon.”
So, who was this, Achilles?
the best for her son. She was also extra worried because a seer
had once said that her son would die an early death, and that
he would die trying to destroy a city called Troy. So, in order to
protect him, she dipped him in the river Styx. This was a river
that ran through the underworld, and the waters had the power
to make a body immune to attack. In order to do this, she held
Achilles by one heel. Stupidly, she forgot to dip him a second
time in order to get the other heel wet (the one she was holding).
This made the poor boy’s heel his only vulnerable point, but Mrs
Achilles wasn’t aware of that. And now came the next part of her
plan to save her son.
Discovery
She dressed young Achilles as a girl and sent him to live at the
royal court. There were lots of other girls living there and no one
ever knew that Achilles was really a boy. Things went well until
Achilles’ Birth & Childhood
Achilles was a great Greek warrior. He was invincible, except for
one part of his body - his heel. And it was all his mother’s fault.
She was a typically over-protective kind of mum and just wanted
40
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What a Hero!
The war was between the Trojans and the Greeks. It all started
when a Trojan prince called Paris stole a Greek princess called
Helen and took her back to the city of Troy. The Greeks were
furious and sent their best warriors to get her back, and Achilles
was one of them. Achilles did well in the war, and managed to
capture twenty-three towns and a woman called Briseis… all by
himself.
enough, as he was killed by Prince Hector, a Trojan prince. Achilles
was devastated.
Revenge
But soon his devastation turned to anger and feelings of revenge;
and Achilles swore to kill Hector. Before leaving, Achilles got in
touch with his mum and asked her for some new armour to help
protect him. She quickly found him some and now he could return
to the battle.
After killing many of the Trojans, Achilles finally met Hector
outside the walls of Troy. In a long battle, Achilles eventually
killed Hector and tied the dead body to his chariot and dragged it
around the city walls.
But as Achilles was celebrating his victory, Paris fired an arrow
that struck Achilles on his heel - the only vulnerable part of his
body. Achilles died immediately. Thus ended the life of the great
Greek warrior, whose name will live on forever.
INFO
The Iliad
An Argument
Achilles immediately fell in love with Briseis and was happy for a
while. However, it didn’t last long, as the Greek king decided to
give Briseis to another Greek warrior. As you can imagine, Achilles
wasn’t happy about this and he went into a sulk and refused to
fight anymore.
The story of Achilles comes from
Homer’s book the Iliad. This
is a heroic story all about the
hero Achilles and his values and
character, and the decisions he
took and their consequences.
It’s also full of emotion and it
deals with revenge, greed, pride, cowardice and evil.
The feelings, emotions and thoughts of the characters turn
this war story into a story of the human psyche.
GLOSSARY
And it was at this point that things started going really badly for
the Greeks. In fact, the Greeks almost lost the war as a result.
Out of desperation, they begged Achilles to return. He refused,
but he did agree to give his special protective armour to his
cousin, Patroclus. Patroclus fought well, but unfortunately not well
GLOSSARY FOR CARTOON
to wrap up warm exp
to wear lots of clothes so you don’t get
cold
a kissy wissy n inform
a kiss
leave me alone exp
stop touching me; stop irritating me;
go away
armour n
metal clothing that protects you from
weapons
woolly adj
that is
made of wool (sheep hair)
invincible adj
that cannot be destroyed, killed or
eliminated
eat it all up exp
eat everything
an empty stomach exp
if you have an “empty stomach”, you
haven’t eaten recently
you scum! exp
you bad person!
I bet exp
I’m sure
arrogant adj
with ideas that you are better than
everyone else
a git n offens
an idiot
weak adj
not strong
a spot n
a place
a scribe n
a person who wrote or copied
information in the days when there
were no computers or printers, etc
to stick vb inform
to put
a heel n
the part of your foot at the back and
below your ankle
a war of revenge n
a war to hurt someone who has done
something bad to you or your country
to kidnap vb
to take someone illegally into your
possession
to drop vb
in this case: to omit a letter
it was all his mother’s fault n
his mother was responsible for the
problem
mum n inform
mother
a seer n
a person who can tell you what is
going to happen in the future
to dip vb
to put someone in a liquid for a short
period of time
the underworld n
in Greek mythology this is the place
under the earth where people go when
they die
immune adj
having a natural protection against the
effects of something harmful
to disguise yourself exp
to put on clothes so you look different
and no one can recognise you
a peddler n
a person who travels around the country selling things
to blow vb
to push air out of your mouth
a trumpet n
a metal, musical instrument that is
sometimes used to signal an attack
to flee n (past: fled)
to run away; to escape
tough adj
physically and mentally strong
to seize vb
to suddenly take with your hands
a sword n
a big knife that is used for fighting
a warrior n
an experienced soldier
to go into a sulk exp
to stop talking to people because you
are angry with them
to beg vb
to ask for something desperately or
urgently
armour n
protective clothing that is made of
metal
to swear vb (past: swore)
to promise
a chariot n
a vehicle that is pulled by horses. It is
used for battles and is often controlled
by just one person
to drag vb
to pull something behind you
an arrow n
a thin piece of wood with a piece of
sharp metal or stone at the end. It is
used to kill and is fired from a bow
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ACHILLES
a Greek soldier, Odysseus, came to the palace. He was looking for
Achilles, and he knew the boy was there. However, all the children
looked like girls. So, Odysseus decided to play a trick on them.
Odysseus’ plan was simple.
First he disguised himself as a peddler. Then, he blew a trumpet
that made a loud noise. At the sound of the trumpet everyone
in the palace screamed and fled, but Achilles, being the tough,
macho warrior that he was, seized a sword and stood ready to
fight. Shortly afterwards, Odysseus persuaded Achilles to go and
fight against the Trojans.
(GLOSSARY ON PREVIOUS PAGE)
(glossary on previous page) Illustration by Jorge Tarruella
WEIRD WORLD CARTOON
Weird World Cartoon
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True stories from around the world that are hard to believe!
STRANGE BUT TRUE
AUDIO
e
u
r
T
T
U
B
Strange
Probability Zero
Nineteen-year-old Jim Slivers was working as a waiter in a fast-food restaurant
when a very unusual customer came in. Here is Jim to tell us exactly what happened:
Don’t Step On My Shoes (The Blue Suede Ones)
“I’ve been working as a waiter here in the Happy Holly restaurant
for three years now and just recently something very strange
happened. One day, I was taking an order from a customer when
this guy with a large bag walked into the restaurant and went
straight to the rest rooms. Now, normally, I’m supposed to say
something because people can’t just use our toilets for free. But
my boss wasn’t around and I didn’t want any trouble so I just
ignored it.
Anyway, about 15 minutes later this guy came out; and the amazing
thing was that he was dressed exactly like Elvis Presley, with a
white suit, a large black wig and a gold medallion. The next thing,
he just walked to the front of the restaurant, turned on a cassette
recorder and started dancing and singing to Elvis songs.”
Suspicious Minds
“I like Elvis, and I must say that this guy was quite good. He
did a version of the song “Fever” that sounded just like the real
thing. However, after a while, I thought I’d better say something
because some of the guests were starting to complain. So, I went
up to him and asked him what he was doing. ‘I’ve been sent by
the agency,’ he replied. ‘Which agency?’ I asked. But he didn’t
respond. Next thing I know, he’s going round the tables asking for
money. And it was then that things started getting a bit worrying.”
Jailhouse Rock
“No one gave him anything, and this seemed to really irritate him.
He started shouting at us and saying how ungrateful we were and
how the ‘king’ (Elvis) would put a curse on us all. Also, the funny
thing was that he kept using lines from Elvis songs, such as “I’m
all shook up”, “don’t step on my blue suede shoes”, and “you ain’t
nothing but a hound dog”. Meanwhile, he was getting angrier
and angrier, especially as some of the people were laughing at
him. Eventually, he got so mad that he just picked up a chair and
hurled it across the room.
It was then that I realized he was a complete nutter so I told a
colleague to phone the police. However, while she was calling,
‘Elvis’ became hysterical. He held his microphone in the air and
started shouting, ‘I’ve got a bomb, I’ve got a bomb’. Luckily it
wasn’t a bomb and within seconds the police had arrived.
They took the Elvis impersonator away, and we never heard from
him again.”
A 43-year-old man is currently awaiting trial.
GLOSSARY
a guy n
a man
a rest room n US
a toilet; a bathroom
wasn’t around exp
wasn’t there at the time mentioned
a wig n
a piece of false hair
a medallion n
a large coin some people wear around
their neck as decoration
the next thing exp
then
I’d better exp
I should
to complain vb
to speak about a situation that you do
not like
I went up to him exp
I approached him; I went to where he
was
to go around the tables exp
to go from table to table
44
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to put a curse on someone exp
to say magic words so that something
bad happens to someone
a line n
a sentence or phrase from a song
ain’t exp
are not
a hound dog n
a type of dog used for hunting
mad adj US
angry. In British English this means
crazy or insane
to pick up phr vb
to take something in your hands from a
surface and to lift it
to hurl vb
to throw
a nutter n inform
a crazy, insane person
an impersonator n
someone who pretends to be another
person
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Authentic conversations by native American speakers
AUDIO
US BAR CHAT
t
a
h
c
r
a
b
S
U
LEARNING LANGUAGES
This month we are going to listen to two young Americans, Lindsey
and Jared. They are both studying Spanish in Spain and they are
talking about the difficulties of learning a foreign language. Listen
to the conversation and answer this question:
Jared:
1. According to one of the speakers, what can you do to help
communicate when you can’t speak a foreign language?
2. What does one of the speakers feel you lose when you speak
a foreign language?
Jared:
Lindsey:
Lindsey:
Jared:
Lindsey:
Jared:
Lindsey:
Jared:
Lindsey:
So how’s your Spanish coming along?
Erm, slowly but surely [laughter]. Erm, it’s kind of
difficult when you can’t express yourself, and so I kind
of understand how foreigners feel in our country now,
when, er, we’re, like, “why can’t you just speak English?”
And, erm, they have no idea what we are saying to them
either so...
Yeah, it’s really hard, er, when you try and express
yourself and you can’t use their words and when you try
and use your own words…
Yeah, a lot of hand motions help though…
… a lot of hand motions
[laughter]
Practice English
Conversations
Er, definitely, I find I feel like I lose my personality when
I’m trying to speak another language [exactly] when I’m
trying to express myself.
Exactly! They don’t understand that you’re just
like a nice person trying to, er, find your way.
Yeah, but, definitely here, in Spain, and in other
countries, learning a little bit, a little bit of the
language, and using a couple of words and a lot of hand
motions tend to get around.
Yeah, they can definitely tell you’re American right away
though. They’re like, “oop! Chica Americana!”
I get that a lot [laughter].
GLOSSARY
to come along phr vb
to progress well
erm / er exp
people often make this sound when they
are thinking about what to say
slowly but surely exp
gradually, without hesitation
kind of exp
more or less
like exp
people often use this word when they
are thinking about what to say next. It
is used to fill space in a conversation
and doesn’t mean anything
hand motions n
gestures and movements that you make
with your hand
to find your way exp
in this case: to try to communicate
effectively
to tend to get around exp
in this case: they are adequate for
communicating
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AUDIO
DICTIONARY OF SLANG
Dictionary of slang
Here we’ve got some examples of how to say things in different situations.
>
Situation
Formal
Relaxed
Informal
You need to start working
a lot more and making
more of an effort:
I need to dedicate more
time to my work
I need to get going on
things
I need to pull my finger
out; I need to get my act
together; I need to get
on the case; I need to
get my ass in gear
You are with a colleague
when you see some other
friends on the other side
of the street:
Those people are my
acquaintances
Those people are my
friends
They’re my mates; they’re
my buddies (US)
It’s late at night and you
are feeling very hungry:
I have such an urge to
consume food
I’m feeling a bit hungry
I’ve got the munchies;
I’m feeling a bit peckish;
I’m starving; I could eat
a horse
You ask what time
something starts:
What time does it
commence?
What time does it start?
What time does it kick
off? what time does it
get going?
A friend is always angry,
and is never happy:
He is of a negative
disposition
He’s always in a bad mood
He’s a grumpy old sod;
he’s a miserable old git
You want to tell a
friend that something
is easy and not at all
complicated:
It is not of a complex
nature
It isn’t hard to understand
It isn’t rocket science;
it’s a piece of piss; it’s
child’s play; a 4-year-old
could understand it; even
a monkey could do it; it’s
dead easy
You are flirting with
an attractive person.
Suddenly, a friend
appears and tries to join
the conversation. You are
angry and tell your friend
to go away:
Please, retire! You are
interfering with my
attempts at seduction
Go away! You’re getting
in the way!
Get lost! You’re cramping
my style; beat it (US);
scram (US)
GLOSSARY
Please note that the words in this glossary box are literal translations of parts of idiomatic expressions.
an ass n offens US
the part of your body that you sit on
a gear n
cars have five or six gears. These help
the car travel at different speeds, or
backwards
an urge n
a desire
a munchie n
this comes from the verb “to munch”.
Basically, if you “munch” food, you eat
it slowly and steadily and by making
a noise
a sod; a git n offens
an insult (not too offensive) - usually
for a man
cramped adj
if a room or building is “cramped”, there
are too many people and there is too
little space
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47
AUDIO
IN THE NEWS
In The News...
Postal Sale
A German postal worker, Siegfried Teef, was sent to prison after he
was caught selling goods from letters and parcels on the internet.
The 37-year-old postal worker offered the stolen objects on eBay, an
online auction site. At the time of his arrest, he had made more than
$63,700.
German post office managers became suspicious after reports of missing
parcels and letters on Herr Teef’s route. Nothing happened until a
14-year-old boy filed a complaint. He had sent off for a new seat for
his bicycle, but it never appeared.
Then, just by chance, the young boy found an identical item on eBay offered by the postman. He bought it, and also informed police. Police
searched the man’s flat and found piles of missing parcels and letters.
Laughing All The Way To Court
“Laughter is a general sound of life, and it will not be banned,”
a judge said during a very unusual court case just last month.
The case was brought by a 52-year-old unemployed man,
John Pedant, against his neighbour, Mrs Scriech. The offence?
Laughing too loudly during a dinner party at her apartment. The
accused party, Mrs Scriech, was shocked when she received the
summons to appear in court:
“I just couldn’t believe it. I’ve known Mr Pedant for three years
now as he lives just next door to me. We’ve always been very
polite to one another so this all comes as a bit of a shock. I
was just having a good time with my friends. I know I laugh
quite loudly, and the walls here are quite thin, but that wasn’t a
reason to file a lawsuit against me.”
Mr Pedant claims he couldn’t sleep at night because of the loud
“shrieks and hoots of laughter”.
The judge showed sympathy for the defendant and threw the
case out.
Doctors & Nurses
Results from an investigation reveal that 14% of
Dutch doctors have had a relationship with their
patients. The report is full of stories of casual
contact between doctors and patients. In one
case a doctor became pregnant while “treating”
a twenty-two year-old with a sports-related
injury”; and in another case, a 43-year-old
married doctor had to leave his job after news of
his affair with a patient was made public.
A spokesperson for the “Dutch National Doctors’
Association” said:
“These findings undermine professionalism
and reduce our credibility. On the other hand,
they may also make going to the doctor a more
popular activity, particularly for single men and
women.”
48
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GLOSSARY
a parcel n
a box that you send by post
an auction site n
a place on the internet where you
can buy things by making offers
to make (money) n
to earn money
to file a complaint exp
to tell the police or authorities
about something that is irritating
you, or that could be illegal
to send off for something exp
to write a letter to someone and
ask them to send you something
by chance exp
unexpectedly; by surprise
piles of exp
lots of things on top of one another
to ban vb
to prohibit
a judge n
a person who controls and directs a
trial (a legal process)
a court case n
a legal process that is used to
decide if someone is innocent or
guilty
the accused party n
the person who is named as the
cause of a crime
a summons n
a formal letter that tells you to go
to court (the building where they
have legal processes)
to file a lawsuit against someone exp
to start a formal, legal process
against someone in order to get
compensation
shrieks and hoots of laughter n
loud noises made by someone who
is laughing a lot
to throw a case out exp
to say that an accusation is not
valid
a sports-related injury n
an injury that happens while you
are playing a sport
to make public exp
if something is “made public”,
people find out about it in the
news
to undermine vb
to cause something to look or feel
unimportant or incorrect
The verb “to do” has many, many different uses. It is often used instead of a more specific verb to talk
about a common action. For example, you can say “to do your teeth”, instead of “to brush your teeth”,
or “to do the washing-up”, instead of “to wash up”. Now let’s see some phrasal verbs with the verb
“to do”. In some cases, the phrasal verb may have other meanings. But don’t worry, because we’ll be
looking at more examples in future issues of Hot English.
Do away with
To abolish, to put in the rubbish bin, to eliminate, to destroy
Do with (to have a connection with)
We’re thinking
of doing away
with it.
If one thing has nothing to do with another thing, it
has no relation or connection with that other thing:
I didn’t eat
the fish. It has
nothing to do
with me.
It was him.
Do for
If you say that something will “do for” another thing,
you mean that you can use it as a substitute:
The new guns
should be
arriving next
week, but until
then, these sticks
and stones will
have to do for
weapons - oh,
and just shout
‘bang’ when you
see the enemy.
Do with (to need
food, drink, etc)
If you could “do with”
some food or drink,
you really need this
food or drink:
I could really do with a
nice cold beer after all that
boxing.
Do up
To fasten and tie your seat belt (the belt you wear across
your body for safety in a plane or car):
If you “can do without something”, you can survive
without that thing; and if you “can’t do without
something”, you must have that thing:
I can’t do without
television - not even
for one day.
V.C.
I would do up
your seat belt, if I
were you.
Do without
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49
PHRASALVERBS
PHRASALVERBS DO
Hot Staff
Directors
Managing Director
Thorley Russell (00 34 91 543 3573)
thorley@learnhotenglish.com
ANSWERS
Answers & scripts
DR FINGERS’ PRONUNCIATION
1. She has broken it =
she has broke nit.
2. They have chosen us =
they have chose nus.
3. He has flown away =
he has flow naway.
4. I have forgotten it =
I have forgotte nit.
5. She has drawn on my leg =
she has draw non my leg.
6. They have broken our computer =
they have broke nour computer.
7. He has driven into a tree =
he has drive ninto a tree.
8. They have fallen out =
they have falle nout.
9. I have eaten all the food =
I have eate nall the food.
10.She has bitten it = she has bitte nit.
4. stings / stung; 5. bruise; 6. hood;
7. mess; 8. bald; 9. cruise;
10. niece; 11. nephew; 12. hill;
13. garlic; 14. watch; 15. screamed;
16. frozen; 17. wet; 18. angry;
19. stones; 20. jokes; 21. prawns
1 …in an office (Call 2) /
…at home (Call 1)
3 1. exam; 2. drink; 3. meeting;
4. Today
PRONUNCIATION:
B 1A 2A 3B 4B 5B 6B
Audio script Call I
Jessica: Jessica speaking.
Tom: Hi, there. It’s me. What
are you up to?
J: I’m studying. I’ve got an exam
on Friday.
T: What’s all that noise in the
background?
J: I’m listening to some music...
and I’m watching TV.
T: At the same time?
J: I find it helps.
T: Mmm... Well, anyway, I was
wondering whether you
wanted to go out for a drink.
J: Oh, thanks, but, erm, not
tonight – tomorrow maybe.
T: OK. Have fun studying!
J: Bye.
T: Bye.
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1. The doctor says the man isn’t
eating properly.
2. The man was in bed with his
neighbour because he wanted
a second opinion.
Seville office (Hot English)
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Editorial Department
CRANK CALLS
BUSINESS TALK
THE MISTAKES
1. There were mistakes were
about the musician’s age,
musical style, height and
criminal record.
2. The magazine editor offers to
publish an apology in the next
issue of Hot Rockers.
Exercise:
1. about; 2. with; 3. of; 4. as;
5. of; 6. for
MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
1. beans; 2. ugly; 3. south;
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STORY TIME
Crank call I: The victim gets angry
because the driver has no licence
or experience.
Crank call II: We accuse the
restaurant of calling us, when it
was us who called them.
Financial Director
Leigh Dante (00 34 91 549 8523)
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(00 34 91 455 0273)
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HOW THE WWF IS HELPING THE
WORLD!
2 Listening 2
Finance
Classes Department
CROSSWORD
1 1c 2a 3e 4f 5d 6b
CHECKING UP ON THINGS
BY PHONE!
Audio Call II
Alex: Alex Banes.
Tom: Oh, hi Alex. It’s Chloe.
Have you got a moment?
A: Yeah, sure. I’m just getting
ready for a meeting.
C: OK. It won’t take long. I’m
just going through that report
and I had a few questions.
A: Fire away!
C: OK. Well, that figure you’ve
got for 2009, are you sure it’s
correct?
A: OK. Let me just check. I’m
just opening the file. Erm, I,
erm, I think I’ll need to look
into it. Can I get back to you
later today?
C: No problem.
A: OK. Talk later then.
C: Bye.
A: Bye.
Editorial Director
Andy Coney (00 34 91 543 3573)
andy@learnhotenglish.com
MATCHING
A3 B11 C4 D14 E7 F5 G12 H6
I13 J1 K10 L2 M8 N9
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
THE FOCUS GROUP
1. The head of marketing is excited
at first because everyone
seems to like the show.
2. He gets angry because one
man doesn’t like the show.
Exercise:
1. of; 2. on; 3. on; 4. with; 5. of;
6. about
US BAR CHAT
1. One of the speakers thinks
that hand motions help with
communication.
2. One of the speakers feels
they lose their personality.
Joke The Pirate
by Daniel Coutoune
James Conway assistant editor
Vanesa Carosia design
Patrick Dempster writer
Steve Brown writer
Christine Saunders writer
Louisa Staines writer
Contributors
Magnus Jones proof reading
Marcie Peters proof reading
Natalia Smith proof reading
Laurent Guiard French depart.
Peter Time proof reading
Danielle Ott intern
Georgina Brown intern
Rayner Taylor intern
Vanessa Simmonds writer
Petra Bates writer
Slim Pickens special intern
Nick Hargreaves writer
Printing
Printerman
Audio Production
HEP
ISSN 1577-7898
Depósito Legal M.14277.2001
September 2022
Published by Hot English Publishing, S.L.
C/Extremadura, 21 - 1ª planta,
oficina 1, Madrid 28011, Spain
Phone: (00 34) 91 549 8523
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GLOSSARY
a wooden leg n
a false leg (made of wood)
a hook n
50
a false hand (made of metal)
an eye patch n
a small piece of material that
you put over your eye
a seagull n
a bird that lives near the sea
a seagull dropping n
excrement from this bird
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