Learning Outcome At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1. 2. show skills in outlining; and summarize texts in concise ways Table of Contents 01 02 Outlining Summarizing 02 04 01 Important Notes • • a skill used in taking down notes from a reading material and in organizing a composition or a research paper, or even in preparing and organizing a speech a useful tool since it provides a skeletal framework of the contents of the speech, whole composition or reading material. The outline provides direction. CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. Topic Outline Sentence Outline Paragraph Outline Topic Outline Headings are topical, expressed in words or in phrases or in classes. This type of outline lists only keywords and divisions. Sentence Outline In which the main sections and subsections are written in sentences. This type of outline shows the relationship of information and forms of arguments or ideas. Paragraph Outline Contains numbered list of sentences; similar to the summary of a reading material. FORMAT for OUTLINING Alphanumerical Decimal STEPS IN CREATING OUTLINE Read the entire text first. Skim the text afterward. Locate the main idea of a thesis of the whole essay. Look for the key phrases in each paragraph of the essay. STEPS IN CREATING OUTLINE Locate the topic sentence of each paragraph. Look at the topic sentences and group those with related ideas together. The contents of the reading are arranged according to levels. STEPS IN CREATING OUTLINE Evaluate the supporting details provided. Go back to the text to check whether you have followed its sequence closely and that you have not missed any information. 02 Summarizing • condensing lengthy sources into a concise form For a freshman, writing an acceptable précis is the first step to learning how to summarize other types of writing. An abstract, also known as a research abstract is the summary of a thesis or a dissertation. STEPS IN WRITING PRECIS Read the entire original passage. Reread to comprehend and to find out words which are difficult to understand. Write the summary of the passage or quotation, using simpler words. See to it that the main points are given emphasis. Compare. Rewrite, revise. What is the difference of precis and paraphrase? A paraphrase is always in one’s own words; it is rephrasing the lines according on how you understand them. Paraphrasing does not only mean that you will make a long line shorter, but it could be longer than the original text since it is about how you understood a text. What is the difference of precis and paraphrase? A précis is also generally the summing up of an academic or official document, so very similar to an abstract, but it is put in one’s own words, that is, it is paraphrasing academically. It gives only the heart of the passage. example (Original Text) A fox, who not had a square meal in days, slipped into a vineyard one morning. He saw a juicy, ripe bunch of grapes hanging from a vine overhead. He jumped for them, but they were just out of reach. “Oh well,” he panted. “Those fruits are probably sour.” (50 words) PRÉCIS (a) A hungry fox reached a vineyard. He saw ripe grapes. He tried to get these but he couldn’t. He just murmured that those are sour. (25 words) (b) A hungry fox attempted to reach some ripe grapes. Because he couldn’t, he murmured that these might be sour. (19 words) PARAPHRASE One morning a wandering hungry fox reached a vast vineyard. Eventually he found out that the vines already have bunches with ripe fruits, so he aimed at getting some. He tried and tried and tried but he could not still get even just a single fruit. Later, he gave up and simply said to himself, “Those grapes are most probably sour.” (61 words) What is the difference of summary and abstract? A summary is a summing up of presented material in a relatively less lengthy than the original. It restates only the author’s main ideas, omitting extraneous examples and evidence used in supporting and illustrating those points. It is generally understood to be of something long enough to benefit from a summary. Its purpose is not to interpret meaning so much as to relay information, so it is not about making sure the words are different. What is the difference of summary and abstract? An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 250 words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes: 1) the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated; 2) the basic design of the study; 3) major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis; and, 4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions. THANKS ! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons from Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik.
