Unit 1 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a list of things that people will discuss at a meeting
This is today’s agenda.
a clock that wakes you up at a particular time by making a noise
Is that the alarm clock?
a glass or plastic container containing water
That’s my bottle of water.
a small card that has a person’s name on it, as well as the address,
telephone number, and email address of the company that they
work for
This is my business card.
a piece of equipment used for taking photographs
Is that a camera?
Objects
agenda
**
nC
/əˈdʒendə/
alarm clock
**
nC
/ˈəlɑː(r)m klɒk/
bottle of water
nC
/ˈbɒt(ə)l əv wɔːtə(r)/
business card
nC
/ˈbɪznəs kɑː(r)d/
camera
***
nC
/ˈkæm(ə)rə/
chair
***
nC
/tʃeə(r)/
a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, legs, and
sometimes two arms
Excuse me. Is this your chair?
computer
***
nC
/kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/
a machine that stores programs and information in electronic form
and can be used for a variety of processes, for example writing,
calculating, and communicating on the Internet
It’s my computer.
desk
***
nC
/desk/
a table that you sit at to write or work, often with drawers in it
This is my desk.
n pl
/ˈɪə(r)ˌfəʊnz/
a piece of electronic equipment with parts that you wear over your
ears to listen to recorded music
This is your phone, but those are my earphones.
n pl
/ˈɡlɑːsɪz/
an object that you wear in front of your eyes to help you see better.
Are those your glasses?
nC
/ˈmem(ə)ri stɪk/
a small disk drive that can store information for use in electronic
equipment and that you carry around with you
The memory stick is in my computer.
earphones
glasses
*
memory stick
mirror
***
nC
/ˈmɪrə(r)/
newspaper
***
n C/U
/ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə(r)/
a set of large printed sheets of folded paper containing news,
articles, and other information, usually published every day.
Is that today’s newspaper?
paper
***
n C/U
/ˈpeɪpə(r)/
the thin flat substance that you use for writing on or wrapping
things in
Is this the paper for the computer?
phone
***
nC
/fəʊn/
a telephone
This is your phone, but those are my earphones.
*
nC
/ʌmˈbrelə/
an object that you hold over your head when it is raining
Is that your umbrella?
nC
/ˈwɒlɪt/
a small flat case that people keep money, bank cards, and small
documents in and usually carry in their pocket or bag
Hey! That’s my wallet!
n
/brəˈzɪl/
a country in South America
He’s from Brazil.
adj
/brəˈzɪljən/
someone who is Brazilian comes from Brazil; relating to Brazil, or
its people or culture
He is from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, he is
Brazilian.
umbrella
wallet
a piece of special glass in which you can see yourself or see what is This is my mirror.
behind you
Countries & nationalities
Brazil
Brazilian
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
1
Unit 1 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
England, Scotland, and Wales
We’re from Britain.
Britain
n
/ˈbrɪt(ə)n/
British
adj
/ˈbrɪtɪʃ/
someone who is British comes from the UK; relating to the UK, or
its people or culture
The British and Russian flags are red, white and
blue.
China
n
/ˈtʃaɪnə/
a large country in Asia
They’re from China.
adj
/ˌtʃaɪˈniːz/
someone who is Chinese is from China; relating to China, or its
language or culture
The Chinese flag is red and yellow.
France
n
/frɑːns/
a country in Europe
Pierre is from France.
French
adj
/frentʃ/
someone who is French is from France; relating to France, or its
language or culture
They are French students.
Germany
n
/ˈdʒɜː(r)mənɪ/
a country in Europe
Jens is from Germany.
German
adj
/ˈdʒɜː(r)mən/
someone who is German is from Germany; relating to Germany, or
its language or culture
Mark is a German student.
Greece
n
/ɡriːs/
a country in southern Europe
The students are from Greece.
Greek
adj
/ɡriːk/
someone who is Greek is from Greece; relating to Greece, or its
language or culture
This is a Greek restaurant.
Ireland
n
/ˈaɪələnd/
a country in northern Europe
He’s a language teacher from Ireland.
Irish
adj
/ˈaɪrɪʃ/
someone who is Irish is from Ireland; relating to Ireland, or its
language or culture
He’s from Ireland, so his nationality is Irish.
Italy
n
/ˈɪtəlɪ/
a country in southern Europe
My parents are from Italy.
Italian
adj
/ɪˈtæljən/
someone who is Italian is from Italy; relating to Italy, or its
language or culture
The Italian flag is red, white and green.
Japan
n
/dʒəˈpæn/
a country in Asia
Mixi is a social network in Japan.
adj
/ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/
someone who is Japanese is from Japan; relating to Japan, or its
language or culture
Mixi is a Japanese online social network.
Poland
n
/ˈpəʊlənd/
a country in eastern Europe
I’m from Poland.
Polish
adj
/ˈpəʊlɪʃ/
someone who is Polish comes from Poland; relating to Poland, or
its language or culture
I’m Polish.
Russia
n
/ˈrʌʃə/
a large country in northern Asia
V Kontakte is a social network in Russia.
Russian
adj
/ˈrʌʃ(ə)n/
someone who is Russian is from Russia; relating to Russia, or its
language or culture
The British and Russian flags are red, white and
blue.
Turkey
n
/ˈtɜː(r)ki/
a country in Europe
He’s from Turkey.
Turkish
adj
/ˈtɜː(r)kɪʃ/
someone who is Turkish is from Turkey; relating to Turkey, or its
language or culture
The Turkish flag is red.
Chinese
Japanese
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
2
Unit 1 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Drinks
beer
***
n C/U
/bɪə(r)/
a yellow or brown alcoholic drink made from malt and hops.
Would you like a beer?
coffee
***
n C/U
/ˈkɒfi/
a hot, slightly bitter drink made by pouring hot water over brown
powder consisting of coffee beans that have been ground.
Would you like a coffee?
(orange, apple)
juice
**
n C/U
/dʒuːs/
the liquid that comes out of fruit or vegetables when you squeeze
them and is often used as a drink
I’d like an orange juice.
tea
***
n C/U
/tiː/
a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water onto the dried
leaves of the tea bush
He has tea and she has a cola.
(mineral) water
***
nU
/ˈwɔːtə(r)/
the clear liquid that falls as rain and is used for things such as
drinking and washing
Can I have a glass of water?
wine
***
n C/U
/waɪn/
an alcoholic drink made from grapes
Would you like a white wine?
afternoon
***
n C/U
/ˌɑːftə(r)ˈnuːn/
the period of time between the middle of the day and the
beginning of the evening
Good afternoon.
age
***
n C/U
/eɪdʒ/
the number of years that someone has lived
What’s your name and age?
bar
***
nC
/bɑː(r)/
a place where you go to buy and drink alcoholic drinks
They are in the bar.
cake
***
n C/U
/keɪk/
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, Mmm, this cake is lovely!
eggs, flour, and butter or oil
country
***
n C/U
/ˈkʌntri/
an area of land that has its own government and official borders
China is a very big country.
email
***
n C/U
/ˈiːmeɪl/
a system for sending messages from one computer to another
If you have any questions about your tour,
please send me an email.
evening
***
n C/U
/ˈiːvnɪŋ/
the part of the day between the end of the afternoon and night,
including the time when the sun goes down
Good evening.
glass
***
n C/U
/ɡlɑːs/
a small container made of glass used for a drink
Would you like a glass of wine?
guide
***
nC
/ɡaɪd/
someone whose job is to look after a group of people who are
visiting a place and give them information about it
I am your tour guide for the Explore London tour.
invite
***
v
/ɪnˈvaɪt/
to ask someone to come to see you or to spend time with you
socially
Explore London tours would like to invite you to
a welcome party.
language
***
n C/U
/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/
the particular form of words and speech that is used by the people
of a country, area, or social group
If you are a language teacher, click here.
meet
***
v
/miːt/
to come together in order to talk to someone who you have
arranged to see
Come for a drink and meet the other people on
your tour.
morning
***
n C/U
/ˈmɔː(r)nɪŋ/
the part of the day from when the sun rises until midday
Good morning.
*
n C/U
/ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/
the legal status of being a citizen of a particular country
What’s your nationality?
Other words & phrases
nationality
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
3
Unit 1 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
recently arrived in a place or situation that you have not been in
before
Julian, this is Alison. She’s new.
new
***
adj
/njuː/
online
**
adj
/ˈɒnlaɪn/
connected to or available through a computer or a computer
network
Facebook is a big online network.
party
***
nC
/ˈpɑː(r)ti/
a social event at which people meet to celebrate something or to
have fun by eating and drinking, dancing, playing games etc
Explore London tours would like to invite you to
a welcome party.
practise
**
v
/ˈpræktɪs/
to repeat an activity regularly so that you become better at it
Choose a language you want to practise.
reception
**
n U/C
/rɪˈsepʃ(ə)n/
the part of a large building such as a hotel or office where there is
someone whose job is to welcome visitors, deal with questions etc
She’s at the hotel reception.
room
***
n C/U
/ruːm/
a part of a building with a floor, walls, and a ceiling
They are in room 34.
sandwich
**
nC
/ˈsæn(d)wɪdʒ/; /
ˈsæn(d)wɪtʃ/
a light meal that you make by putting a layer of food such as meat,
cheese, or egg between two pieces of bread
This isn’t my sandwich!
n C/U
/ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l ˈnetˌwɜː(r)
k/
a website for social interractions and personal relationships
Social networks are very popular on the internet
now.
a piece of electronic equipment that you use for speaking to
someone in a different place. A telephone is often simply called a
phone
Listen to a telephone call to TSLN.
a journey in which you visit several places for pleasure
I am your tour guide for the Explore London tour.
social network
telephone
***
n C/U
/ˈtelɪˌfəʊn/
tour
***
nC
/tʊə(r)/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
4
Unit 2 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
to take liquid into your body through your mouth
I drink lots of tea.
to put food into your mouth and swallow it
I eat a lot of Mexican-American fast food.
Common verbs
drink
***
v
/drɪŋk/
eat
***
v
/iːt/
go
***
v
/ɡəʊ/
to move or travel to a place that is away from where you are now
We go to language classes every Thursday.
have
***
v
/hæv/
to own something
I have a big car and a big house.
live
***
v
/lɪv/
to have your home in a particular place
They live in other countries.
read
***
v
/riːd/
to look at and understand words in a letter, book, newspaper etc
We read English newspapers.
speak
***
v
/spiːk/
to be able to talk in a particular language
He speaks Turkish.
study
***
v
/ˈstʌdi/
the process of learning about a subject by reading and by going to
school, university etc
I study alone.
travel
***
v
/ˈtræv(ə)l/
to go on a journey or visit different places, especially places that
are far away from where you live or work
I travel a lot for my job.
work
***
v
/wɜː(r)k/
to have a job, usually one that you are paid to do
We don’t work now, we’re retired.
go dancing
v
/ɡəʊ ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/
to move your feet and your body in a pattern of movements that
follows the sound of music
We go dancing every weekend.
go shopping
v
/ɡəʊ ˈʃɒpɪŋ/
to go to shops to look at and buy things
She goes shopping with friends.
go to restaurants
v
/ɡəʊ tə ˈrest(ə)rɒnts/
to go and eat in a building or room where meals and drinks are
sold to customers sitting at tables
I don’t go to restaurants.
go to the cinema
v
/ɡəʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə/
to go and watch a film on a big screen in a special building
He goes to the cinema alone.
listen to music
v
/ˈlɪs(ə)n tə ˈmjuːzɪk/
to pay attention to a sound made by voices or instruments
arranged in a way that is pleasant
Does he listen to music?
play sports
v
/pleɪ spɔː(r)tz/
to take part in a sport or game
I play sports with friends.
watch tv
v
/wɒtʃ ˌtiː ˈviː/
to look at something on a television, usually from the beginning to
the end
We watch the BBC on satellite television.
the sister of your mother or father, or the wife of your uncle
My aunt lives in France.
a boy or man who has the same parents as you
It’s his brother’s birthday.
a young person from the time they are born until they are about 14
years old
It is normal for a British woman to have her first
child when she is 29 years old.
Free time activities
Family
aunt
***
nC
/ɑːnt/
brother
***
nC
/ˈbrʌðə(r)/
child
***
nC
/tʃaɪld/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
5
Unit 2 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
cousin
**
nC
/ˈkʌz(ə)n/
a child of your uncle or aunt
This is John’s cousin.
daughter
***
nC
/ˈdɔːtə(r)/
your female child
I have a daughter, Emily.
father
***
nC
/ˈfɑːðə(r)/
your male parent
My father isn’t very happy.
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌtʃaɪld/
the son or daughter of one of your children
They would like a grandhild.
grandchild
granddaughter
*
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌdɔːtə(r)/
the daughter of one of your children
I have two grandsons and a granddaughter.
grandfather
**
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/
the father of one of your parents
I want to be a grandfather!
grandmother
**
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌmʌðə(r)/
the mother of one of your parents
My grandmother lives with us.
grandparent
*
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌpeərənt/
the mother or father of your mother or father
I visit my grandparents every year.
grandson
*
nC
/ˈɡræn(d)ˌsʌn/
the son of one of your children
Jack is her oldest grandson.
husband
***
nC
/ˈhʌzbənd/
the man that a woman is married to
Jane lives with her husband and her daughter.
mother
***
nC
/ˈmʌðə(r)/
your female parent
His mother says he’s a good boy.
parent
***
nC
/ˈpeərənt/
a mother or father
Andy Castle lives with his parents.
sister
***
nC
/ˈsɪstə(r)/
a daughter of your parents
I go to the cinema with my sister.
son
***
nC
/sʌn/
your male child
Andy is my only son.
uncle
**
nC
/ˈʌŋk(ə)l/
the brother of one of your parents, or the husband of your aunt
My uncle is a teacher.
age
***
n C/U
/eɪdʒ/
the number of years that someone has lived
Are these adjectives for height, age or looks?
average-looking
***
adj
/ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ ˌlʊkɪŋ/
not very attractive, but not ugly
He’s an average-looking man.
beautiful
***
adj
/ˈbjuːtəf(ə)l/
a beautiful person is extremely attractive
She’s a beautiful singer.
dark
***
adj
/dɑː(r)k/
black, or almost black, in colour
She has dark hair.
fair
***
adj
/feə(r)/
fair hair is blonde (=light yellow) or very light brown in colour
She has fair hair.
fat
**
adj
/fæt/
a person or animal that is fat has too much flesh on their body and
weighs too much
He’s a fat man.
glasses
*
n pl
/ˈɡlɑːsɪz/
an object that you wear in front of your eyes to help you see better
She has glasses.
hair
***
n C/U
/heə(r)/
the mass of thin fibres that grows on your head
What colour hair does he have?
handsome
**
adj
/ˈhæns(ə)m/
a handsome man or boy has a very attractive face
He’s a handsome young man.
height
***
n C/U
/haɪt/
the degree to which something is high or someone is tall
Are these adjectives for height, age or looks?
adj
/ˈmiːdiəm haɪt/
not very tall and not very short
She’s medium height.
Descriptions
medium height
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
6
Unit 2 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
no longer young but not yet old
She’s middle aged and has glasses.
*
adj
/ˈmɪd(ə)l eɪdʒd/
old
***
adj
/əʊld/
used for talking about the age of someone or something
She’s thirty years old.
pretty
**
adj
/ˈprɪti/
a pretty girl or woman is good-looking in a fairly ordinary way and
has a nice face.
Delilah is pretty.
short
***
adj
/ʃɔː(r)t/
measuring a small height, length, or distance
Delilah is short.
tall
***
adj
/tɔːl/
a tall person or object has greater height than the average person
or object
How tall is John?
thin
***
adj
/θɪn/
someone who is thin has very little fat on their body
She’s a thin woman.
ugly
**
adj
/ˈʌɡli/
someone who is ugly has a face that is unpleasant to look at.
He’s an ugly politician.
weight
***
n C/U
/weɪt/
a measurement of how heavy a person or thing is
What’s his weight?
young
***
adj
/jʌŋ/
someone who is young has lived for only a short time
They are young children.
boy
***
nC
/bɔɪ/
a male child
He is a very good boy.
bread
***
nU
/bred/
a common food made from flour, water, and usually yeast
I don’t eat bread.
cat
***
nC
/kæt/
an animal with soft fur, a long thin tail, and whiskers, that people
keep as a pet or for catching mice.
I have a black cat.
chocolate
**
n C/U
/ˈtʃɒklət/
a sweet brown food eaten as a sweet or used for flavouring other
food
Would you like some chocolate?
different
***
adj
/ˈdɪfrənt/
not the same as another person or thing, or not the same as before
How is your life different?
divorce
**
n C/U
/dɪˈvɔː(r)s/
to take legal action to end your marriage
On average, 45% of marriages end in divorce.
fashion
***
n C/U
/ˈfæʃ(ə)n/
the fact that something such as a style of dress or an activity is
popular at a particular time
What’s the fashion this summer?
feelings
***
n pl
/ˈfiːlɪŋz/
an opinion that you have about something, especially when it is
based on general thoughts rather than definite reasons
They talk about their feelings.
flat
***
nC
/flæt/
a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building.
How many people live in the family house or
flat?
friend
***
nC
/frend/
someone you know well and like, but who is not a member of your
family
I live there with three friends.
v
/ɡet ˈmærid/
if someone marries someone else, they become the husband or
wife of that person
When I meet the right girl, I’ll get married.
middle-aged
Other words & phrases
get married
girl
***
nC
/ɡɜː(r)l/
a female child
When I meet the right girl, I’ll get married.
home
***
n C/U
/həʊm/
the place where you live
How old are people when they leave the family
home?
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
7
Unit 2 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
house
***
n C/U
/haʊs/
a building for living in, usually where only one family lives
Andy Castle lives with his parents, in his
parents’ house.
leave
***
v
/liːv/
to leave a place permanently
I’ll get married and leave home.
life
***
n C/U
/laɪf/
your particular way of living and the experiences that you have
I have a very American life now.
love
***
v
/lʌv/
to like or enjoy something very much
We love Spanish food.
man
***
nC
/mæn/
an adult male person
He’s a handsome young man.
office
***
n C/U
/ˈɒfɪs/
a room or building where the people in an organization or
department work
I work in an office.
per cent
***
n
/pə(r)ˈsent/
one part of 100, or a particular amount of a total that you have
divided by 100
40 per cent of the British population is married.
personal
***
adj
/ˈpɜː(r)s(ə)nəl/
used about your own opinions or feelings and/or about events or
experiances in your life
They talk about personal things.
nC
/ˈpɒdˌkɑːst/
a multimedia file, such as a radio programme or music video, that
can be downloaded from the Internet and played on an ipod or
similar piece of equipment
I listen to the Weekly Podcast.
a way of judging a situation based on a particular aspect
What’s your point of view?
podcast
point of view
**
nC
/pɔɪnt əv vjuː/
politics
***
n pl
/ˈpɒlətɪks/
the study of how people gain and use political power
James studies politics.
problem
***
nC
/ˈprɒbləm/
something that causes trouble or difficulty
It’s not a problem.
same
***
adj
/seɪm/
exactly like another person or thing
Are men and women the same?
sports
***
n pl
/spɔː(r)ts/
activities in which players or teams compete against each other,
usually an activity that involves physical effort
I play sports with friends.
thing
***
nC
/θɪŋ/
an object, or an item
Men and women like the same things as their
friends.
university
***
n C/U
/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜː(r)səti/
an educational institution where students study for degrees and
where academic research is done
I go to an American university.
woman
***
nC
/ˈwʊmən/
an adult female person
She’s a thin woman.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
8
Unit 3 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a large important town
Hugh’s flat is in the city centre.
the part of a city where the main shops and businesses are
Hugh’s flat is in the city centre.
Places to live
city
***
city centre
nC
/ˈsɪti/
nC
/ˈsɪti ˈsentə(r)/
flat
***
nC
/flæt/
a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building
Gerard’s flat is very quiet.
house
***
n C/U
/haʊs/
a building for living in, usually where only one family lives
Hamed’s house is in Luxor.
town
***
n C/U
/taʊn/
a place where people live and work that is larger than a village but
smaller than a city
I live in a town.
village
***
nC
/ˈvɪlɪdʒ/
a very small town in the countryside
Jane lives in a village.
balcony
*
nC
/ˈbælkəni/
bathroom
**
nC
/ˈbɑːθˌruːm/
a room containing a bath or shower, a washbasin, and often a
toilet
Is there a bathroom?
bedroom
***
nC
/ˈbedruːm/
a room that you sleep in
How many bedrooms are there in your house?
*
nC
/ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˌruːm/
the room in a house or hotel where you eat meals
Is there a dining room in your house?
door
***
nC
/dɔː(r)/
a large flat object that you open when you want to enter or leave a
building, room, or vehicle
Sorry, that’s the door.
hall
***
nC
/hɔːl/
the area inside the front door of a house or other building that
leads to other rooms
Go through the hall.
kitchen
***
nC
/ˈkɪtʃən/
a room where you prepare and cook food, and wash dishes
There are three kitchens.
living room
**
nC
/ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌruːm/
the main room in a house where you usually relax in comfortable
chairs and entertain guests
Claudia has a lamp for the living room.
staircase
*
nC
/ˈsteə(r)ˌkeɪs/
a set of stairs in a building, including the banister that you hold
onto when you go up or down
There are two staircases.
window
***
nC
/ˈwɪndəʊ/
a frame in a wall with glass in it that lets light and air into a room
and lets you see what is outside
There are 147 windows.
***
n C/U
/bed/
a piece of furniture that you sleep on, consisting of a soft
comfortable part called a mattress and a base
I have a desk and a bed in my room.
*
nC
/ˈbʊkˌkeɪs/
a piece of furniture with shelves in it for putting books on
There is a bookcase in her bedroom.
***
nC
/tʃeə(r)/
a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, legs, and
sometimes two arms
We don’t have any chairs.
Parts of a house
dining room
a place where you can stand just outside an upper window. It sticks Does your flat have a balcony?
out from the wall of a building.
Furniture
bed
bookcase
chair
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
9
Unit 3 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
an object that shows the time
Where’s the clock?
clock
**
nC
/klɒk/
cooker
*
nC
/ˈkʊkə(r)/
a large piece of kitchen equipment that is used for cooking
We have a big cooker in the kitchen.
cupboard
**
nC
/ˈkʌbə(r)d/
a tall piece of furniture, usually attached to a wall and used for
storing things, with shelves inside and one or two doors at the front
There is a cupboard in the classroom.
curtain
**
nC
/ˈkɜː(r)t(ə)n/
a long piece of cloth, usually one of a pair, that hangs down and
covers a window
Your mother has some old curtains.
desk
***
nC
/desk/
a table that you sit at to write or work, often with drawers in it
I have a desk and a bed in my room.
fridge
*
nC
/frɪdʒ/
a piece of equipment that is used for storing food at low
temperatures
The wine is in the fridge.
lamp
**
nC
/læmp/
an electric light, especially a small one, that stands on a table or desk
Would you like a lamp?
picture
***
nC
/ˈpɪktʃə(r)/
a drawing, painting, or photograph
There are some pictures on the wall.
plant
***
nC
/plɑːnt/
a living thing that grows in soil, has leaves and roots, and needs
water and light from the sun to live
There aren’t any plants.
sofa
*
nC
/ˈsəʊfə/
a large, soft, comfortable seat with arms and a back that two or
three people can sit on
There’s a sofa in the living room.
stereo
*
nC
/ˈsteriəʊ/
a set of electronic equipment with two speakers, used for listening
to the radio, CDs, and cassettes
I have a big stereo in my room.
television
***
nC
/ˈtelɪˌvɪʒ(ə)n/
a piece of electrical equipment with a screen, used for watching
programmes
There isn’t a television in the classroom.
wardrobe
*
nC
/ˈwɔː(r)drəʊb/
a large piece of furniture like a large cupboard where you can hang
your clothes
Is there a wardrobe?
Ordinal numbers
first
***
/fɜː(r)st/
before any others or before everything else
This is my first flat
second
***
/ˈsekənd/
in the place or position counted as number 2
It’s on the second floor.
third
/θɜː(r)d/
in the place or position counted as number 3
My office is on the third floor.
fourth
/fɔː(r)θ/
in the place or position counted as number 4
My flat is on the fourth floor.
fifth
/fɪfθ/
in the place or position counted as number 5
It’s on the fifth floor.
sixth
/sɪksθ/
in the place or position counted as number 6
We live on the sixth floor.
/ˈsev(ə)nθ/
in the place or position counted as number 7
It’s on the seventh floor.
eighth
/eɪtθ/
in the place or position counted as number 8
Edward works on the eighth floor.
ninth
/naɪnθ/
in the place or position counted as number 9
Where’s the bathroom on the ninth floor?
tenth
/tenθ/
in the place or position counted as number 10
It’s on the tenth floor.
seventh
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
10
Unit 3 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Other words & phrases
art
***
n C/U
/ɑː(r)t/
paintings, drawings, and sculptures that are created to be beautiful I love the Modern Art Museum.
or to express ideas
baby
***
nC
/ˈbeɪbi/
a very young child who cannot yet talk or walk
We have a new baby.
big
***
adj
/bɪɡ/
large in size
Michael and Catherine’s house isn’t very big.
café
**
nC
/ˈkæfeɪ/
an informal restaurant where you can get simple cheap meals and
drinks
Where is the café?
dark
***
adj
/dɑː(r)k/
lacking light
It’s a dark flat.
easy
***
adj
/ˈiːzi/
not difficult to do, or not needing much work
My work isn’t easy.
nC
/ˈeləveɪtə(r)/
a lift in a building
There are three elevators.
elevator
entrance
***
n C/U
/ˈentrəns/
the place where you can enter a room, building, or area
There is one entrance through a black door on
Downing Street.
famous
***
adj
/ˈfeɪməs/
if someone or something is famous, a lot of people know their
name or have heard about them
The famous Hollywood letters are near our
house!
nC
/fɪlm stɑː(r)/
a very famous film actor
George Clooney is a film star.
the flat area that you walk on inside a building or room
There’s some pizza on the floor.
very unpleasant
It’s a horrible flat.
knowledge or facts about someone or something
You work at the information desk.
a machine that carries people up or down between different levels
of a tall building
They’re on the right, next to the lift.
very attractive
We have a lovely big family house on the beach.
film star
floor
***
nC
/flɔː(r)/
horrible
**
adj
/ˈhɒrəb(ə)l/
information
***
nU
/ˌɪnfə(r)ˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
lift
***
n C/U
/lɪft/
lovely
***
adj
/ˈlʌvli/
modern
***
adj
/ˈmɒdə(r)n/
relating to or belonging to the present time
I love the Modern Art Museum.
museum
***
nC
/mjuːˈziːəm/
a building where many valuable and important objects are kept so
that people can go and see them
You are a visitor to the museum.
new
***
adj
/njuː/
replacing something that you no longer have or something that is
no longer useful
How’s your new flat?
nice
***
adj
/naɪs/
attractive, enjoyable, or pleasant
The street is nice.
noisy
*
adj
/ˈnɔɪzi/
making a lot of noise
It’s a little noisy.
official
***
adj
/əˈfɪʃ(ə)l/
done by people in authority
Number 10 is the official residence of the Prime
Minister of Britain.
old
***
adj
/əʊld/
something that is old has existed or been used for a long time
Your mother has some old curtains.
outside
***
adj
/ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/
not within the limits of something
A policeman always stands outside the door.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
11
Unit 3 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a male police officer
A policeman always stands outside the door.
making very little or no noise
Gerard’s flat is very quiet.
a house or other place where someone lives, especially a large
house used by an important person
Number 10 is the official residence of the Prime
Minister of Britain.
policeman
**
nC
/pəˈliːsmən/
quiet
***
adj
/ˈkwaɪət/
residence
**
n C/U
/ˈrezɪd(ə)ns/
school
***
n C/U
/skuːl/
a place where children go to be taught
Her house is in front of the school.
shop
***
n C/U
/ʃɒp/
a place where you buy things or where you pay for a service
Hugh’s flat is not close to the shops.
stand
***
v
/stænd/
to have your body in an upright position supported by your feet
A policeman always stands outside the door.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
12
Unit 4 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
the first meal you have in the morning/your main meal/the meal in
the middle of the day
It’s nice to have a relaxing breakfast/dinner/
lunch.
Phrases with have, go & get
/həv ˈbrekfəst,
ˈdɪnə(r), lʌntʃ/
have breakfast/
dinner/lunch
phr
have a drink/a
coffee/a sandwich
phr
have a break
phr
/həv ə breɪk/
to stop what you are doing for a short period of time
It’s a time to have a break.
have a nap
phr
/həv ə næp/
to sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day
Do you have a nap during the day?
get dressed
phr
/ɡet ˈdrest/
to put your clothes on
I get dressed in the morning.
get up
phr
/ɡet ˈʌp/
to get out of bed after sleeping
What time do you get up in the morning?
get home
phr
/ɡet ˈhəʊm/
arrive at the place where you live
I get home at 6:15.
go home
phr
/ɡəʊ ˈhəʊm/
travel to the place where you live
I go home at 6:00.
go to bed
phr
/ɡəʊ tə ˈbed/
to lie down to sleep
In the evening, I read a book, or go to bed.
go to sleep
phr
/ɡəʊ tə ˈsliːp/
to begin sleeping
You listen to quiet, relaxing music and then go
to sleep.
the first month of the year
Nothing Day is on 6th January.
/həv ə drɪŋk, ə ˈkɒfi, to drink alcohol/coffee/eat a sandwich
ə ˈsæn(d)wɪdʒ/
You have a sandwich and a drink.
Months
January
***
n C/U
/ˈdʒænjuəri/
February
***
n C/U
/ˈfebruəri/
the second month of the year, between January and March
Valentintes Day is on 14th February.
March
***
n C/U
/mɑː(r)tʃ/
the third month of the year, between February and April
Why is 5th March important for you?
April
***
n C/U
/ˈeɪprəl/
the fourth month of the year, between March and May
In April there’s Earth Day.
May
***
n C/U
/meɪ/
the fifth month of the year, between April and June
May Day is on the first of May.
June
***
n C/U
/dʒuːn/
the sixth month of the year, between May and July
In June we have Father’s Day.
July
***
n C/U
/dʒʊˈlaɪ/
the seventh month of the year, between June and August
Canada Day is on 1st July.
August
***
n C/U
/ˈɔːɡəst/
the eighth month of the year, between July and September
I go on holiday in August.
September
***
n C/U
/sepˈtembə(r)/
the ninth month of the year, between August and October
My children start school in September.
October
***
n C/U
/ɒkˈtəʊbə(r)/
the tenth month of the year, between September and November
In October there’s United Nations Day.
November
***
n C/U
/nəʊˈvembə(r)/
the eleventh month of the year, between October and December
The American Thanksgiving Day is in November.
December
***
n C/U
/dɪˈsembə(r)/
the twelfth and last month of the year, between November and
January
Christmas is in December.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
13
Unit 4 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
the job of making clothes smooth with an iron
He does the ironing on Mondays.
to go to a shop to buy things
I do the shopping on Saturdays.
to remove the dirt and dust in the bathroom
You don’t clean the bathroom.
Housework
/duː ðə ˈaɪə(r)nɪŋ/
do the ironing
/duː ðə ˈʃɒpɪŋ/
do the shopping
/kliːn ðə ˈbɑːθˌruːm/
clean the bathroom
make dinner
/meɪk ˈdɪnə(r)/
to prepare and heat food for the main meal of the day
She usually makes dinner.
make the bed
/meɪk ðə ˈbed/
to arrange the covers on a bed so that they are tidy
I make the bed every morning.
wash the clothes
/wɒʃ ðə ˈkləʊðz/
to clean clothing, usually with soap and water
Once a year he washes the clothes.
water the plants
/wɔːtə(r) ðə ˈplɑːnts/
to pour water on plants to keep them healthy
We water the plants twice a week.
to wash plates, knives, forks, etc used for a meal
I often do the dishes.
do the dishes
/duː ðə ˈdɪʃɪs/
set the table
/set ðə ˈteɪb(ə)l/
to put all the dishes, forks, knives etc needed for a meal onto a
table
They set the table for breakfast every morning.
take out the
rubbish
/teɪk aʊt ðə ˈrʌbɪʃ/
to put waste outside your house so that it can be collected and
taken away
We take out the rubbish once a week.
the first meal you have in the morning
It’snice to have a relaxing breakfast.
a list of important events and the dates they take place
I always buy a new calender in January.
a piece of thick stiff paper folded into two equal parts, with a
picture and a message on it
She wants no parties, no gifts, no cards for her
birthday.
a group of students who are taught together: can be followed by a
singular or plural verb
I am late for English class.
Other words & phrases
breakfast
***
n C/U
/ˈbrekfəst/
calendar
**
nC
/ˈkælɪndə(r)/
card
***
n C/U
/kɑː(r)d/
class
***
n C/U
/klɑːs/
closed
**
adj
/kləʊzd/
not operating or doing business, especially for the night or
weekend
What time does Metronaps open and close?
dinner
***
n C/U
/ˈdɪnə(r)/
the main meal of the day, eaten in the evening or at midday
He gets home at 9:00 and has dinner.
Earth
***
n C/U
/ɜː(r)θ/
the planet on which we live
In April there’s Earth Day.
finish
***
v
/ˈfɪnɪʃ/
to do the last part of something so that it is complete
What time does he finish work?
gym
*
n C/U
/dʒɪm/
a building or club where you go to do physical exercises, swim, and After his meetings he goes to the gym.
play sports
n C/U
/ˌhæləʊˈiːn/
n C/U
/aɪˈdɪə/
Halloween
idea
***
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
the night of 31st October, when children dress as witches (=women In October there’s Halloween.
with magic powers) and ghosts (=the spirits of dead people)
a thought that you have about how to do something or how to deal
with something
The idea for Nothing Day comes from the United
States.
14
Unit 4 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
lunch
***
n C/U
/lʌntʃ/
meeting
***
nC
/ˈmiːtɪŋ/
nC
/næp/
nap
Definition
Sample Sentence
a meal that you eat in the middle of the day
Do you want to have lunch?
an occasion when people gather to discuss things and make
decisions
I’m not stressed in meetings after work.
to sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day
Do you have a nap during the day?
nothing
***
prn
/ˈnʌθɪŋ/
not anything
On Nothing Day, people do nothing.
open
***
adj
/ˈəʊpən/
if a shop, restaurant etc is open, people are working there and the
public can use or visit it
How many hours is it open?
shower
**
nC
/ˈʃaʊə(r)/
a piece of equipment that produces a flow of water that you stand
under to wash your body
I always have a shower in the morning.
special
***
adj
/ˈspeʃ(ə)l/
different from and usually better than what is normal or ordinary
What months are these special days in?
nC
/juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃ(ə)nz/
an international organization that encourages countries to work
together in order to solve world problems such as war, disease,
and poverty
United Nations Day is in October.
United Nations
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
15
Unit 5 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a clock that wakes you up at a particular time by making a noise
I have an alarm clock on my phone.
Things to take on holiday
alarm clock
**
nC
/ˈəlɑː(r)m klɒk/
guidebook
*
nC
/ˈɡaɪd ˌbʊk/
a book for tourists that provides information about a place
Do you have the guidebook?
passport
*
nC
/ˈpɑːspɔː(r)t/
an official document containing your photograph and showing
which country you are a citizen of.
Did you remember the passports?
phrasebook
nC
/ˈfreɪzˌbʊk/
a small book that contains useful words and phrases in a particular Do you have an English phrasebook?
foreign language, used especially by tourists
sunglasses
n pl
/ˈsʌnˌɡlɑːsɪz/
glasses with dark lenses that you wear to protect your eyes when
the sun is bright
Where are my sunglasses?
nC
/ˈtɪkɪt/
a piece of paper that shows you have paid for a journey on a train,
plane etc
They remembered the tickets.
adj
/ˈklaʊdi/
full of clouds
In London today it’s cloudy and windy, but
warm.
with a low temperature or a temperature that is lower than normal
It was very cold.
rather cold, often in a pleasant way
It’s rainy and cool.
ticket
***
The weather
cloudy
cold
***
adj
/kəʊld/
cool
***
adj
/kuːl/
rainy
adj
/ˈreɪni/
a rainy day is one on which it rains a lot
It’s rainy and cold.
snowy
adj
/ˈsnəʊi/
covered in snow
It’s cold and snowy in Whitehorse.
bright with light from the sun
It was sunny and warm.
fairly hot in a way that is comfortable and pleasant
It was nice and warm for me!
with a lot of wind
In New York today it’s cloudy and windy, but
warm.
sunny
*
adj
/ˈsʌni/
warm
***
adj
/wɔː(r)m/
windy
*
adj
/ˈwɪndi/
adj
/əkˈsesəb(ə)l/
an accessible place is easy to find or get to
The airport is very accessible.
Other words & phrases
accessible
airport
***
nC
/ˈeə(r)ˌpɔː(r)t/
a place where planes arrive and leave, consisting of runways (long
roads where planes land and take off) and large buildings for
passengers called terminals
Airports are usually outside city centres.
animal
***
nC
/ˈænɪm(ə)l/
any living thing that can move independently and that has senses
for recognizing and reacting to the environment around it.
Animals are welcome.
available
***
adj
/əˈveɪləb(ə)l/
able to be obtained, taken, or used
We have conference rooms available.
barbecue
*
nC
/ˈbɑː(r)bɪˌkjuː/
a meal at which meat and other food is cooked and eaten outside,
often a meal that you invite friends to
When it’s sunny, we have a barbecue.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
16
Unit 5 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
bilingual
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
adj
/baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/
bird
***
nC
/bɜː(r)d/
bullet
**
nC
clean
***
complimentary
Sample Sentence
someone who is bilingual is able to speak two languages extremely My colleague is bilingual.
well
an animal covered in feathers, with two wings for flying and a hard
pointed mouth called a beak or a bill
Which train has a name that means bird?
/ˈbʊlɪt/
a small piece of metal that is shot from a gun and causes serious
damage to the person or thing it hits
Which train is called a bullet train?
adj
/kliːn/
not dirty
There are clean warm beds at the hotel.
adj
/ˌkɒmplɪˈment(ə)ri/
if something is complimentary, you do not have to pay for it
All our 81 rooms have a bathroom with shower,
complimentary tea and coffee.
easy to use or suitable for a particular purpose
In many ways they are more convenient than
airplanes.
an event at which an orchestra, band, or musician plays or sings in
front of an audience
The concert was very good.
a breakfast consisting of bread and butter, coffee or tea, and
sometimes pastries or croissants
Our famous Sky Central continental breakfast
comes with the price of your room.
to prepare food and heat it so that it is ready to eat
You cooked dinner.
the way that something is made so that it works in a certain way or
has a certain appearance
All our 81 rooms have internet access and
modern furniture and design.
the place where someone or something is going
What are the popular destinations for tourists
from your country?
a book that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains
what they mean
Look the word up in a dictionary.
to create a picture by making lines with a pen or pencil
My son can draw pictures.
to control a vehicle so that it moves somewhere
Can you drive a car?
using electricity and extremely small electrical parts such as
microchips and transistors
My iPod is electronic.
an institution, organization, or business
Please note: the guesthouse is a non-smoking
establishment.
the value of the money of one country when you change it into the
money of another country
The exchange rate is very good at the moment.
convenient
**
adj
/kənˈviːniənt/
concert
**
nC
/ˈkɒnsə(r)t/
n C/U
/ˌkɒntɪˈnent(ə)l
ˈbrekfəst//
continental
breakfast
Definition
cook
***
v
/kʊk/
design
***
n C/U
/dɪˈzaɪn/
destination
**
nC
/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
dictionary
**
nC
/ˈdɪkʃən(ə)ri/
draw
***
v
/drɔː/
drive
***
v
/draɪv/
electronic
***
adj
/ˌelekˈtrɒnɪk/
establishment
***
n C/U
/ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/
exchange rate
*
nC
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt/
***
adj
/ˈfren(d)li/
someone who is friendly is always pleasant and helpful towards
other people
It’s a happy, friendly 18th century guest house.
v
/ɡəʊ ˈskiːɪŋ/
the sport or activity of moving over snow on skis
I go skiing once a year.
v
/hɪə(r)/
to realize that someone or something is making a sound
Can you hear me?
adj
/ˈhaɪˌspiːd/
moving or operating very quickly
With high-speed trains people can go from city
centre to city centre.
friendly
go skiing
hear
high-speed
***
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
17
Unit 5 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
nC
/ˈaɪˌpɒd/
*
nU
/dʒæz/
machine
***
nC
/məˈʃiːn/
meal
***
n C/U
/miːl/
money
***
nU
/ˈmʌni/
passenger
***
nC
/ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/
v
/pleɪ ˈtʃes, ˈtenɪs/
iPod
jazz
play chess/tennis
Definition
Sample Sentence
a small music player with headphones that you carry around with
you and on which you can store large amounts of music, especially
music from the Internet
I wanted the iPod.
a type of music that developed in the late 19th century in which
Montreal jazz is my favourite music.
there is a strong lively beat and the players often improvise (=make
up the music as they play)
a piece of equipment that does a particular job by using electricity,
steam, gas etc
That’s an amazing machine!
an occasion when you eat, especially breakfast, lunch, or dinner
There is also a hotel restaurant for your evening
meals.
what you earn, save, invest and use to pay for things.
Train tickets cost a lot of money.
someone who travels in a motor vehicle, aircraft, train, or ship but
is not the driver or one of the people who works on it
Passengers on a high-speed train have more
space than in an airplane.
to take part in a game of chess or tennis
I sometimes play tennis at the weekends.
to make music using your voice
Can you sing?
sing
***
v
/sɪŋ/
swim
**
v
/swɪm/
to move through water by making movements with your arms and
legs
I can’t swim.
torch
*
nC
/tɔː(r)tʃ/
a small electric light operated by batteries that you hold in your
hand.
Do you have a torch in your car?
translate
**
v
/trænsˈleɪt/
to change spoken or written words into another language
Can you translate that into English?
translation
**
n C/U
/trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
spoken or written words that have been changed into a different
language
What’s the English translation?
type
*
v
/taɪp/
to write something using a keyboard
I type emails on my computer.
unnecessary
**
adj
/ʌnˈnesəs(ə)ri/
not needed
It’s day time, so the torch is unnecessary.
view
***
n C/U
/vjuː/
a picture or photograph of a place, especially an attractive place
This is a quiet, rural location with lots of walks
nearby, and excellent views.
warm
***
adj
/wɔː(r)m/
fairly hot in a way that is comfortable and pleasant
There are clean warm beds in the hotel.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
18
Unit 6 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Celebrations
birthday
**
nC
/ˈbɜː(r)θdeɪ/
the day each year that has the same date as the one on which you
were born
Click here to see a list of other people born on
my birthday.
ceremony
**
n C/U
/ˈserəməni/
a formal public event with special traditions, actions, or words
I didn’t go to the ceremony.
nU
/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/
a type of French sparkling wine that people often drink to celebrate
special occasions
I always drink champagne New Year’s Eve.
champagne
congratulate
*
v
/kənˈɡrætʃʊleɪt/
to tell someone that you are pleased about their success, good
luck, or happiness on a special occasion
We all congratulated him.
New Year’s Eve
**
nC
/njuː jɪə(r)z v/
the evening of 31st December, when many people celebrate with
their family or friends by staying awake until midnight
It will be a good New Year’s Eve.
retirement
*
n C/U
/rɪˈtaɪə(r)mənt/
the time when you stop working, especially because you have
reached the age when you are officially too old to work, or the act
of doing this
My father had a party for his retirement.
***
nC
/ˈwedɪŋ/
a ceremony in which two people get married
Kyle and Sue didn’t have a big wedding.
cartoon
*
nC
/kɑː(r)ˈtuːn/
comedy
**
n C/U
/ˈkɒmədi/
a funny film, play or television programme
This film is a comedy.
horror
**
n C/U
/ˈhɒrə(r)/
books and films that are intended to frighten people
We watched a horror film at the cinema.
love story n C
/ˈlʌv stɔːri/
a story of how two people meet and fall in love
He wrote a famous love story.
a book or film about a romantic relationship
I want to read a romance on holiday.
wedding
Films & books
love story
a film or television programme, especially for children, that is made My son watched a cartoon this morning.
by photographing a series of drawings so that people and things in
them seem to move
romance
*
n C/U
/rəʊˈmæns/
science fiction
*
nU
/ˈsaɪəns fɪkʃ(ə)n//
books and films about imaginary future events and characters,
often dealing with space travel and life on other planets. Science
fiction is often called sci-fi.
I read a science fiction book last week.
thriller
*
nC
/ˈθrɪlə(r)/
a book, play, or film that tells an exciting story, especially about
something dangerous like a crime
He wrote a thriller.
western
***
nC
/ˈwestə(r)n/
a film about the western United States in the 1800s, usually with
cowboys
He acted in several westerns.
angry
***
adj
/ˈæŋɡri/
very annoyed
Men cry when they are angry.
bored
**
adj
/bɔː(r)d/
feeling impatient or dissatisfied, because you are not interested in
something or because you have nothing to do.
She is bored.
Feelings
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
19
Unit 6 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
happy
***
adj
/ˈhæpi/
nervous
**
adj
/ˈnɜː(r)vəs/
sad
***
adj
/sæd/
awful
**
adj
/ˈɔːf(ə)l/
bad
***
adj
/bæd/
excellent
***
adj
/ˈeksələnt/
good
***
adj
great
***
horrible
Definition
Sample Sentence
feeling pleased and satisfied
I was so happy for them.
feeling excited and worried, or slightly afraid
He is nervous.
feeling unhappy, especially because something bad has happened It’s a very sad film.
Adjectives of opinion
used for emphasizing how unpleasant someone or something is
It was an awful film.
of very low quality
The actors were bad.
extremely good
I think London is excellent.
/ɡʊd/
of a high quality or standard
They are good players.
adj
/ɡreɪt/
enthusiastic about something or someone
It was great to see him again after all these
years.
**
adj
/ˈhɒrəb(ə)l/
very unpleasant
The gardens are horrible.
lovely
***
adj
/ˈlʌvli/
very attractive
You have a lovely house.
nice
***
adj
/naɪs/
attractive, enjoyable, or pleasant
some nice food for a picnic.
terrible
***
adj
/ˈterəb(ə)l/
very bad in quality or ability
The football match was terrible.
wonderful
***
adj
/ˈwʌndə(r)f(ə)l/
extremely good
We had a wonderful dinner.
acceptable
**
adj
/əkˈseptəb(ə)l/
considered by most people to be reasonable or to be something
that can be allowed
In Britain and America it is more acceptable for
men to cry today.
act
***
v
/ækt/
to perform in plays or films
He acted in many films by Tim Burton.
actor
***
nC
/ˈæktə(r)/
someone who performs in plays and films, especially as their job
An actor from your country.
athlete
*
nC
/ˈæθliːt/
someone who is good at sports, especially athletics, and takes
part in sports competitions
Matthew Pinsent is a British Olympic athlete.
author
**
nC
/ˈɔːθə(r)/
someone who writes books, articles etc, especially as their job
Can you guess the famous author?
nC
/ˈbəʊt raɪd/
a short trip or journey in a small boat on a lake or river
We can go for a boat ride on the Thames.
Other words & phrases
boat ride
buy
***
v
/baɪ/
to get something by paying money for it
We will buy some nice food for a picnic.
cry
***
v
/kraɪ/
to have tears coming from your eyes, especially because you are
sad
It’s difficult for British men to cry.
fall
***
v
/fɔːl/
to move quickly downwards from a higher position, usually by
accident
Why did the glass fall off the table?
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
20
Unit 6 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
favourite
**
adj
/ˈfeɪv(ə)rət/
your favourite person or thing of a particular kind is the one that
you like the best
It’s my favourite sport.
feel
***
v
/fiːl/
to be in a particular state as a result of an emotion or a physical
feeling
How do you feel?
health
***
nU
/helθ/
the condition of your body, especially whether or not you are ill
Crying is good for your health
horse
***
nC
/hɔː(r)s/
a large animal that people ride
He is learning to ride a horse.
medal
**
nC
/ˈmed(ə)l/
a small flat piece of metal that you are given for winning a
competition or doing something very brave
Matthew Pinsent cried when he won a gold
medal at the Olympics.
president
***
nC
/ˈprezɪdənt/
the political leader of a country that does not have a king or queen
Even two US presidents cried quietly on
television.
psychologist
**
nC
/saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/
someone who studies how people’s minds work and how this
affects their behaviour
British psychologists and researchers say that
men cry easily.
stress
***
n C/U
/stres/
a worried or nervous feeling that stops you relaxing, caused, for
example, by pressure at work or financial or personal problems
I have a lot of stress at work.
symbol
**
nC
/ˈsɪmb(ə)l/
a picture or shape used to represent something
It’s about symbols in the art of a famous Italian
painter.
twice
***
adv
/twaɪs/
two times
A twice-a-year blog
v
/wəz bɔː(r)n/
when a baby is born, it comes out of its mother’s body and starts
its life.
He was born in Kentucky, USA
Saturday and Sunday
I watched a DVD last weekend.
to defeat everyone else by being the best or by finishing first in a
competition
They’re very happy when they win an Oscar.
was born
weekend
***
nC
/ˌwiːkˈend/
win
***
v
/wɪn/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
21
Unit 7 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Food
***
n C/U
/ˈæp(ə)l/
a hard round fruit that is white inside and has a smooth green,
yellow, or red skin, which is called peel when it has been removed
Every morning I had three apples
banana
*
n C/U
/bəˈnɑːnə/
a long curved fruit with a yellow skin
Banana and apple soup?!?
bean
**
nC
/biːn/
a seed of various plants that is cooked and eaten
It’s simple – it has rice, beans and corn.
bread
***
nU
/bred/
a common food made from flour, water, and usually yeast (=a
substance that makes the bread grow larger)
Don’t eat any bread.
butter
**
nU
/ˈbʌtə(r)/
a solid yellow food made from cream that you spread on bread or
use in cooking
Would you like some butter on your bread?
cake
***
n C/U
/keɪk/
carrot
*
n C/U
/ˈkærət/
cheese
**
n C/U
/tʃiːz/
nC
/ˈtʃɪkɪn/
apple
chicken
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, We drank coffee and ate cake.
eggs, flour, and butter or oil
a long hard orange vegetable that grows under the ground and has
green leaves on its top
I’d like some carrots.
a solid food made from milk
Do you want some cheese on your pasta?
a bird kept for its eggs and meat
Eat lots of fish, meat and chicken.
a long thin piece of potato cooked in hot oil
Would you like chips with your steak?
chips
***
n pl
/tʃɪps/
chocolate
**
n C/U
/ˈtʃɒklət/
a sweet brown food eaten as a sweet or used for flavouring other
food
We ate some chocolate cake.
corn
**
nU
/kɔː(r)n/
the seeds of a corn plant that are cooked as food or fed to animals
It has rice, beans and corn.
n C/U
/ˈkʌri/
an Indian food consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a sauce
with a hot flavour, often eaten with rice
We ate a very nice curry last night.
the food that a person or animal usually eats
She’s on the Soup diet.
curry
diet
**
n C/U
/ˈdaɪət/
egg
***
nC
/eɡ/
the round object with a shell that a female bird produces and a
baby bird develops in
You can eat eggs with this diet.
fish
***
n C/U
/fɪʃ/
an animal that lives in water and swims
You can eat fish and tomatoes at lunch.
fruit
***
n C/U
/fruːt/
a type of food that grows on trees or plants
He doesn’t eat vegetables or fruit.
garlic
*
nU
/ˈɡɑː(r)lɪk/
a round white vegetable with small sections called cloves which
you add to food for a strong pleasant flavour
For this paella you need some garlic.
ice cream
n C/U
/aɪs ˈkriːm/
a frozen sweet food made from cream or milk and sugar, often with
fruit or chocolate added to flavour it
Can I have some ice cream, please?
lemon
n C/U
/ˈlemən/
fruit with a hard yellow skin and sour juice
Make it with salt, pepper and a lemon.
n C/U
/ˈletɪs/
a vegetable with large thin green leaves that you eat raw in a salad
You can eat some lettuce.
lettuce
*
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
22
Unit 7 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a white liquid that comes from cows, goats, and sheep, which
people drink and use in cooking
For breakfast, have some milk.
the science of food and its effect on health and growth
Complete the information for the Nutrition
Reference Guide.
***
nU
/mɪlk/
nutrition
*
nU
/njuːˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/
onion
**
nC
/ˈʌnjən/
a round vegetable with thin dry skin and many layers inside that
tastes and smells very strong
You can have a tomato and onion salad.
orange
**
nC
/ˈɒrɪndʒ/
a round fruit that has a hard orange-coloured skin called peel, and
that divides into parts called segments
Can I have an orange?
pasta
*
n C/U
/ˈpæstə/
an Italian food made from flour and water, and sometimes eggs
Do you like pasta?
pepper
*
n C/U
/ˈpepə(r)/
a green or red vegetable
The vegetarian pizza has tomato sauce, onion,
green pepper and mushroom.
potato
**
n C/U
/pəˈteɪtəʊ/
a very common hard round vegetable that has a brown, red or
yellow skin and is white or yellow inside
You can eat fish and potatoes at lunch.
rice
**
nU
/raɪs/
a food consisting of small white or brown grains that are eaten
cooked
Did you eat any rice this week?
salt
*
nU
/sɔːlt/
a white substance that is often added to food before or after
cooking to improve its flavour
Do you have any salt?
sauce
**
n C/U
/sɔːs/
a liquid food that you put on other foods to give them a particular
flavour
I’d like a Margarita pizza (tomato sauce and
cheese).
sausage
*
n C/U
/ˈsɒsɪdʒ/
a food that consists of a tube of skin containing very small pieces
of meat mixed with spices
They have some nice Spanish sausages.
n C/U
/ˈʃelˌfɪʃ/
sea creatures with a hard shell around them, for example crabs,
mussels, and oysters
For this paella you need rice, different kinds of
shellfish, …
n C/U
/suːp/
a liquid food that is made by cooking meat, fish, vegetables etc
with water or milk
I can’t eat this soup. It’s too cold.
nU
/ˈspɪnɪdʒ/
a vegetable with dark green leaves that can be cooked or eaten raw
in salads
The spinach is lovely.
milk
shellfish
soup
**
spinach
steak
*
n C/U
/steɪk/
the meat from a cow, especially a piece without fat that is high in
quality
I ate a big steak at the restaurant.
sugar
***
nU
/ˈʃʊɡə(r)/
a sweet substance consisting of very small white or brown pieces
that is added to food or drinks to make them taste sweet
There’s a lot of sugar in this coffee.
nC
/təˈmɑːtəʊ/
a round red fruit eaten as a vegetable raw in salads or cooked
I’d like a tomato and onion salad.
tomato
vegetable
***
n C/U
/ˈvedʒtəb(ə)l/
a part of a plant used as food, for example a potato, bean, or
cabbage
Rice and vegetables are important dishes in the
Middle East.
water
***
nU
/ˈwɔːtə(r)/
the clear liquid that falls as rain and is used for things such as
drinking and washing
She drank some water.
wine
***
n C/U
/waɪn/
an alcoholic drink made from grapes
The man likes the wine.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
23
Unit 8 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Describing food
adj
/kəʊld/
with a low temperature or a temperature that is lower than normal
I hate cold soup!
adj
/kʊkt/
cooked food has been heated and is ready to eat
Find someone who always eats cooked
vegetables.
*
adj
/dɪˈlɪʃəs/
with a very pleasant taste or smell
Delicious!
healthy
***
adj
/ˈhelθi/
working well and likely to continue to be successful
71% of Americans say they try to eat more
healthy food at restaurants now than in the past.
hot
***
adj
/hɒt/
very high in temperature
The tea was very hot.
raw
**
adj
/rɔː/
raw food has not been cooked, or has not been thoroughly cooked
Find someone who doesn’t like raw vegetables.
salty
adj
/ˈsɔːlti/
containing salt, or tasting like salt
The boyfriend can only eat salty food.
spicy
adj
/ˈspaɪsi/
spicy food has a strong hot flavour
Do you like spicy food?
***
adj
/swiːt/
tasting like sugar
It’s too sweet.
***
nC
/bɪl/
a piece of paper that shows how much money you owe after eating
in a restaurant
When we finished the meal we asked for the bill.
*
n C/U
/dɪˈzɜː(r)t/
sweet food that you eat after the main part of a meal
We ate some chocolate cake for dessert.
nC
/ˈmeɪn kɔː(r)s//
the biggest part of a meal
We had fish for the main course.
an occasion when you eat, especially breakfast, lunch, or dinner
When we finished the meal we asked for the bill.
a list of the food that is available in a restaurant, café etc
Can I have the menu, please?
a small amount of money that you give to someone in addition to
what you owe for a service
We left a tip for the waiter.
cold
***
cooked
delicious
sweet
Eating out
bill
dessert
main course
meal
***
nC
/miːl/
menu
**
nC
/ˈmenjuː/
tip
**
nC
/tɪp/
waiter
*
nC
/ˈweɪtə(r)/
a man or boy who brings food and drink to your table in a
restaurant or café
You are the waiter at Bella Pizza.
waitress
*
nC
/ˈweɪtrəs/
a woman or girl who brings food and drink to your table in a
restaurant or café
The waitress asked us what we wanted to eat.
almost
***
adv
/ˈɔːlməʊst/
nearly but not completely
Almost every country has rice in its diet.
dry
***
adj
/draɪ/
something that is dry has no water in it or on it
You can grow rice on dry land.
wet
***
adj
/wet/
covered with water or another liquid
Rice grows on wet land.
Other words & phrases
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
24
Unit 8 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a place where planes arrive and leave, consisting of runways
(=long roads where planes land and take off) and large buildings
for passengers called terminals
But every time I was at the airport, I felt terrible.
Transport
airport
***
nC
/ˈeə(r)ˌpɔː(r)t/
bicycle
**
nC
/ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/
boat
***
nC
/bəʊt/
a small vehicle that people use for travelling on water
I would like to make a long journey by boat.
bus
***
nC
/bʌs/
a large road vehicle with a lot of seats that you pay to travel on,
especially one that takes you fairly short distances and stops
frequently
He goes to work by bus every day.
nC
/ˈbʌs stɒp/
a place marked by a sign at the side of a road where buses stop to
let passengers get on and off
We waited for an hour at the bus stop.
nC
/kɑː(r)/
a road vehicle for one driver and a few passengers
A car is on the wrong side of the road in East
London.
nC
/ˈkɑː(r) pɑː(r)k/
an area or a building where people can leave their cars for a short
time
Do we have to pay for the car park?
***
v
/draɪv/
to control a vehicle so that it moves somewhere
It now costs £10 (€12) a day to drive in central
London.
*
nC
/ˈməʊtə(r)ˌbaɪk/
a road vehicle that has two wheels and an engine and looks like a
large heavy bicycle
Can you ride a motorbike?
walking
We can go on foot.
bus stop
car
***
car park
drive
motorbike
/ɒn ˈfʊt/
on foot
a vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing pedals with your More people use public transport and bicycles
feet
now in London because of this law.
plane
***
nC
/pleɪn/
an aircraft with wings and at least one engine
Did you travel by plane?
port
***
nC
/pɔː(r)t/
an area of water where ships stop, including the buildings around
it
The ship is in the port at the moment.
ride
***
v
/raɪd/
to sit on a bicycle, motorcycle etc, and control it as it moves along
Can you ride a motorbike?
station
***
nC
/ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/
a building or place where buses, trains, or other public vehicles
stop so that passengers can get on or off
Excuse me, where’s the station?
train
***
nC
/treɪn/
a group of railway vehicles that are connected and pulled by an
engine
They go to work by train.
nU
/ˈʌndə(r)ˌɡraʊnd/
a system of public transport consisting of trains that travel in
tunnels below a city
We can take the underground.
underground
Action verbs
kiss
***
v
/kɪs/
to touch someone with your lips when you say hello or goodbye to
them
I saw them kiss in the romantic film.
run
***
v
/rʌn/
to move quickly to a place using your legs and feet
She can run very fast.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
25
Unit 8 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
sing
***
v
/sɪŋ/
to make music using your voice
Some people are singing in Oxford Street.
sleep
***
v
/sliːp/
to go into a natural state in which you are unconscious for a time
and your body rests, especially for several hours at night
I sleep for 8 hours every night.
smoke
**
v
/sməʊk/
to put a cigarette in your mouth and breathe in smoke from it
Do you smoke?
walk
***
v
/wɔːk/
to move forwards by putting one foot in front of the other
Do you walk, take public transport or drive?
accident
***
n C/U
/ˈæksɪd(ə)nt/
a crash involving a car, train, plane, or other vehicle
The chances of being in a plane accident were
about 0.0000000004%.
adult
***
nC
/ˈædʌlt/
someone who is no longer a child and is legally responsible for
their actions
More than 10 million British adults are afraid of
flying.
alone
***
adj
/əˈləʊn/
without anyone with you
If you don’t like flying, you are not alone.
nC
/ˈbɪznəs pɑː(r)tnə(r)/
a company or person that is involved with the business dealings of
another company or person
Jack Lewis, your business partner, is leaving
work now.
an organization that provides services, or that makes or sells
goods for money
He’s leaving our company!
Other words & phrases
business partner
company
***
nC
/ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/
common
***
adj
/ˈkɒmən/
happening frequently, or existing in large amounts or numbers
Fear of flying is one of the most common
phobias in the world.
course
***
nC
/kɔː(r)s/
a series of lessons or lectures in an academic subject or a practical
skill
The writer went on a course for people afraid of
flying.
exactly
***
adv
/ɪɡˈzæk(t)li/
no more and no less than a particular amount or time
He explained exactly how a plane works
fear
***
n C/U
/fɪə(r)/
the feeling that you have when you are frightened
Fear of flying is one of the most common
phobias in the world.
flight
***
n C/U
/flaɪt/
a journey through air or space in a vehicle such as a plane
What did the people do when the flight started?
follow
***
v
/ˈfɒləʊ/
to walk, drive etc closely behind someone in order to watch them
Do you want me to follow him?
hand
***
nC
/hænd/
the part of your body at the end of each arm that you use for
picking up and holding things
Some people held hands.
law
***
n C/U
/lɔː/
an official rule that people must obey
In 2003, the mayor of London made a new law to
help reduce traffic.
nC
/ˈfəʊbiə/
a very strong feeling of disliking or being afraid of someone or
something
She gave us information about phobias and
taught us a relaxation technique.
a picture of something that you make with a camera
He took a photograph of his family.
someone who flies an aircraft
The writer talked to a pilot.
the building where the local police force works
He found a camera, so he took it to the police
station.
phobia
photograph
***
nC
/ˈfəʊtəˌɡrɑːf/
pilot
***
nC
/ˈpaɪlət/
*
nC
/pəˈliːs steɪʃ(ə)n/
police station
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
26
Unit 8 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
safe
***
adj
/seɪf/
secret
***
nC
/ˈsiːkrət/
security
***
nC
/sɪˈkjʊərəti/
stranger
**
nC
/ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/
survive
***
v
/sə(r)ˈvaɪv/
take
***
v
/teɪk/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
Definition
Sample Sentence
not likely to cause damage, injury, or harm
I knew that planes were very safe.
a piece of information that is known by only a small number of
people, and is deliberately not told to other people
It’s a secret meeting.
the department within an organization that protects buildings and
workers
I don’t like going through security, it makes me
nervous.
someone who you do not know
I don’t like talking to a stranger on a plane.
to manage to deal with something difficult or unpleasant
I could get on a plane and survive.
to use a particular type of transport
Why don’t we take a taxi?
27
Unit 9 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Clothes
boot
***
nC
/buːt/
a type of shoe that covers all of your foot and part of your leg
I can’t find my other boot!
dress
***
nC
/dres/
a piece of clothing that covers a woman’s body and part of her legs
That’s a beautiful dress.
jacket
***
nC
/ˈdʒækɪt/
a short coat that covers the upper part of the body and is made in
many styles for different occasions and different kinds of weather
It’s a good idea to put on a jacket for an
interview.
jeans
*
nC
/dʒiːnz/
trousers made of heavy cotton cloth called denim that you wear in
informal situations
She bought some new jeans yesterday.
jumper
*
nC
/ˈdʒʌmpə(r)/
a warm piece of clothing, usually made of wool, that you pull over
your head and that covers your upper body and arms
Right now I’m wearing a jumper.
shirt
***
nC
/ʃɜː(r)t/
a piece of men’s clothing that covers the top part of the body
I think a shirt and tie make a good impression at
an interview.
shoe
***
nC
/ʃuː/
something that you wear on each foot, usually over socks
A dirty shirt makes a very bad impression, and
so do dirty shoes.
skirt
**
nC
/skɜː(r)t/
a piece of clothing for a woman or girl. It hangs from the waist and
is not joined between the legs
I think you shouldn’t wear a very short skirt for a
first meeting …
tie
**
nC
/taɪ/
a long narrow piece of cloth that a man wears around his neck
under the collar of a shirt. It is tied with a knot
I think a shirt and tie make a good impression at
an interview.
trainers
*
nC
/ˈtreɪnə(r)z/
strong, comfortable shoes which are designed for doing sports in,
but which many people wear as informal clothing
You can’t wear trainers here.
trousers
**
nC
/ˈtraʊzə(r)z/
a piece of clothing covering the body from the waist to the feet,
divided into separate parts for each leg and worn by both men and
women
A shirt and trousers is fine.
nC
/ˈtiːʃɜː(r)t/
a soft shirt that usually has short sleeves and no collar
It’s sunny, so I’m wearing a T-shirt.
T-shirt
Body
arm
***
nC
/ɑː(r)m/
one of the two long parts of your body with your hands at the end
Stretch your arms, your hands and your
shoulders.
back
***
nC
/bæk/
the part of your body between your neck and your bottom, on the
opposite side to your chest and stomach
Keep your back straight
chest
***
nC
/tʃest/
the upper front part of your body between your neck and your
stomach
My chest hurts!
elbow
**
nC
/ˈelbəʊ/
the part in the middle of your arm, where it bends
My elbow hurts when I play tennis.
finger
***
nC
/ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/
your fingers are the long thin parts on the end of your hands
He types with one finger.
foot (plural feet)
***
nC
/fʊt, fiːt/
the part of your body at the end of your leg, on which you stand
Keep your back straight and your feet on the
floor.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
28
Unit 9 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
the part of your body at the end of each arm that you use for
picking up and holding things
In Canada, you should shake a person’s hand.
hand
***
nC
/hænd/
head
***
nC
/hed/
the top part of your body that has your brain, eyes, mouth etc in it
Many English-speaking countries have the
Queen of England’s head on their coins.
knee
***
nC
/niː/
the part in the middle of your leg, where it bends
She hurt her knee playing tennis.
leg
***
nC
/leɡ/
one of the two parts of your body to which your feet are attached
My son can stand on one leg.
neck
***
nC
/nek/
the part of the body that joins the head to the rest of the body
You can hurt your neck if you sit for a long time
every day.
shoulder
***
nC
/ˈʃəʊldə(r)/
one of the two parts of your body between your neck and the top of
your arms
Stretch your arms, your hands and your
shoulders.
stomach
**
nC
/ˈstʌmək/
the soft part at the front of your body between your chest and your
legs
How’s your stomach?
wrist
**
nC
/rɪst/
the part of your body between your hand and your arm
You can hurt your wrists if you type for a long
time every day.
cheek
**
nC
/tʃiːk/
the soft part on each side of your face below your eyes
It was cold so his cheeks were red.
chin
**
nC
/tʃɪn/
the centre of the bottom part of your face, below your mouth and
above your neck
He doesn’t have much hair on his chin.
ear
***
nC
/ɪə(r)/
one of the two parts at the sides of your head that you hear with
My brother has big ears.
eye
***
nC
/aɪ/
one of the two body parts in your face that you use for seeing
I don’t trust a person if he or she doesn’t make
eye contact.
hair
***
nU
/heə(r)/
the mass of thin fibres that grows on your head
Whose hair is in picture B?
mouth
***
nC
/maʊθ/
the part of your face below your nose that you use to eat and speak
He has a small mouth and a long chin.
nose
***
nC
/nəʊz/
the part of your face above your mouth that you use for smelling
and breathing
She has a big nose.
tooth (plural teeth)
***
nC
/tuːθ, tiːθ/
one of the hard white objects inside your mouth that you use for
biting and for chewing food
When I eat cold ice cream it hurts my teeth.
cold
**
nC
/kəʊld/
a minor illness that blocks your nose and makes you cough
I’ve got a cold.
headache
*
nC
/ˈhedeɪk/
a pain in your head
I’ve got a headache.
hurt
***
v
/hɜː(r)t/
to feel pain somewhere in your body
My back hurts.
ill
***
adj
/ɪl/
not healthy, because of a medical condition or an injury
Are you ill often?
Face
Health problems
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
29
Unit 9 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
stomach ache
tired
toothache
***
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
pain in your stomach
I can’t work because I’ve got stomach ache.
n C/U
/ˈstʌmək eɪk/
adj
/ˈtaɪə(r)d/
needing to rest or sleep
You are very tired.
nU
/ˈtuːθeɪk/
a pain in one or more of your teeth
I’ve got a toothache.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
30
Unit 10 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
a financial institution that people or businesses can keep their
money in or borrow money from
You mustn’t smoke now in any offices, banks,
restaurants or pubs in India.
Places in a city
bank
***
nC
/bæŋk/
chemist
**
nC
/ˈkemɪst/
a shop that sells medicines, beauty products, and toiletries
She bought the medicine at the chemist.
cinema
**
nC
/ˈsɪnəmə/
a building where you pay to go and watch a film
We went to the cinema last night.
disco
*
nC
/ˈdɪskəʊ/
a place or event where people dance to popular music
The disco is full of people at the weekends.
hospital
***
nC
/ˈhɒspɪt(ə)l/
a place where people stay when they are ill or injured and need a
lot of care from doctors and nurses
He was in hospital for a week when he was ill.
hotel
***
nC
/həʊˈtel/
a building where you pay to stay in a room and have meals
The Cape Grace is a five-star hotel next to the
sea in Cape Town.
library
***
nC
/ˈlaɪbrəri/
a place where books, documents, CDs etc are available for you to
look at or borrow
You bring the books back to the library.
nC
/ˈnaɪtˌklʌb/
a place where people go in the evening to dance, drink alcohol, or
watch entertainers
Cape Town is home to the biggest nightclub in
South Africa.
nightclub
pool
***
nC
/puːl/
a large structure filled with water for people to swim in
At Cape Grace you can go swimming in the pool.
school
***
n C/U
/skuːl/
a place where children go to be taught
In Cathedral City, California it’s illegal to take a
dog to school.
shop
***
nC
/ʃɒp/
a place where you buy things or where you pay for a service
There are hundreds of little shops at the market.
nC
/ˈʃɒpɪŋ sentə(r)/
an area where a group of different shops and businesses such as
banks and restaurants are all built next to each other
The V&A Waterfront is the most popular
shopping centre.
shopping centre
stadium
*
nC
/ˈsteɪdiəm/
a large building, usually without a roof, where people watch sports
events such as football matches or races
Nick’s city has big stadiums.
supermarket
**
nC
/ˈsuːpə(r)ˌmɑː(r)kɪt/
a very large shop that sells food and other products for the home.
You go around the shop pushing a trolley and putting things in it,
then you pay for your goods at the checkout.
I have no food, so I’m going to the supermarket.
nC
/taʊn ˈhɔːl/
a building that has all the offices of a town’s local government
The town hall is in the city centre.
something that is beautiful is very pleasant to look at
Cape Town is one of South Africa’s most
beautiful cities.
not at all interesting, and making you feel impatient or dissatisfied
I think that living in a big city is never boring.
not expensive
You can find cheap jewellery at the shopping
centre.
showing the influence of many different countries and cultures
Lots of people say that Toronto is interesting,
because it’s cosmopolitan.
town hall
Describing a town/city
beautiful
***
adj
/ˈbjuːtəf(ə)l/
boring
**
adj
/ˈbɔːrɪŋ/
cheap
***
adj
/tʃiːp/
adj
/ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪt(ə)n/
cosmopolitan
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
31
Unit 10 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
dangerous
***
adj
/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
likely to have a bad effect or to cause a problem
It’s the most dangerous part of the city.
expensive
***
adj
/ɪkˈspensɪv/
something that is expensive costs a lot of money
Life in Madrid is not expensive.
friendly
***
adj
/ˈfren(d)li/
someone who is friendly is always pleasant and helpful towards
other people
Are the people friendly?
historical
***
adj
/hɪˈstɒrɪk(ə)l/
connected with history or with the past
I think that Ottawa has more historical buildings
than Toronto.
interesting
***
adj
/ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/
something that is interesting makes you want to know about it or
take part in it
Which law do you think is the most interesting?
modern
***
adj
/ˈmɒdə(r)n/
using the most recent methods, ideas, designs, or equipment
Mexico City is more modern than other cities in
Mexico.
noisy
*
adj
/ˈnɔɪzi/
making a lot of noise
Is it very noisy?
polluted
*
adj
/pəˈluːtɪd/
to make air, water, or land too dirty and dangerous for people to
use in a safe way
Is the air polluted?
quiet
***
adj
/ˈkwaɪət/
used about places in which there is little noise
Nick’s city is very clean and quiet.
safe
***
adj
/seɪf/
used about places and situations where you are protected from
danger
Toronto and Ottawa are both safe cities.
ugly
**
adj
/ˈʌɡli/
something that is ugly is unpleasant to look at
Some parts of the city are very ugly.
unfriendly
*
adj
/ʌnˈfren(d)li/
not friendly
Are the people friendly or unfriendly in the city?
go dancing
/ɡəʊ ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/
to move your feet and your body in a pattern of movements that
follows the sound of music
This is the best place to go dancing and have a
good time.
go diving
/ɡəʊ ˈdaɪvɪŋ/
to jump into water with your head first and your arms stretched out
in front of you
On special adventure tours you can go diving
with a great white shark.
to travel around a place to see the interesting things in it
If you want to go sightseeing, you must go to
Robben Island.
to go to a shop to buy things
What’s the best place to go shopping for
clothes?
go + -ing
/ɡəʊ ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ/
go sightseeing
go shopping
/ɡəʊ ˈʃɒpɪŋ/
go swimming
/ɡəʊ ˈswɪmɪŋ/
to swim for enjoyment, for exercise, or in races
At Cape Grace you can go swimming in the pool.
go walking
/ɡəʊ ˈwɔːkɪŋ/
to go for a long walk, often in hills or mountains
You can also go walking around the top of the
mountain.
large in size
Nick’s city has big stadiums.
black, or almost black, in colour
It’s a dark brown T-shirt.
Size & colours
big
***
adj
/bɪɡ/
dark
***
adj
/dɑː(r)k/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
32
Unit 10 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
something that is gold is the colour of gold
It’s a gold pen.
gold
***
adj
/ɡəʊld/
large
***
adj
/lɑː(r)dʒ/
bigger than usual in size
A supermarket is a large place where you can
buy …
light
***
adj
/laɪt/
pale in colour, not dark
It’s a light blue T-shirt.
silver
*
adj
/ˈsɪlvə(r)/
light grey in colour
There are silver ones and these black ones.
small
***
adj
/smɔːl/
not large in size, amount, or number
Alicante is smaller than Madrid.
tiny
***
adj
/ˈtaɪni/
extremely small
It’s a tiny black keyring.
nU
/əˈpɑː(r)tˌheɪt/
the political system that existed in the past in South Africa, in
which only white people had political rights and power
Robben Island was one of South Africa’s worst
prisons during apartheid.
/æt ˈliːst/
not less than a particular amount or number, and possibly more
Add at least one more sentence of your own.
strange and difficult to explain
They now have several hundred bizarre laws.
to have something with you, usually in your pocket or bag
In the majority of American cities, you needn’t
have a permit to carry a gun.
an area in a club, restaurant etc designed for people to dance on
The giant building has a dancefloor for 5,000
people.
to put your clothes on
If you want to go swimming in Destin, Florida,
you must get dressed in your hotel room and not
in your car.
a weapon that shoots bullets, for example a pistol or a rifle
You needn’t have a permit to buy a gun.
Other words & phrases
apartheid
at least
bizarre
carry
*
adj
/bɪˈzɑː(r)/
***
v
/ˈkæri/
nC
/ˈdɑːnsflɔː(r)//
dancefloor
/ɡet drest/
get dressed
gun
***
nC
/ɡʌn/
illegal
**
adj
/ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l/
not allowed by the law
In Cathedral City, California it’s illegal to take a
dog to school.
jewellery
**
nU
/ˈdʒuːəlri/
objects that you wear as decoration
You can find cheap jewellery at the shopping
centre.
nC
/ˈkiː rɪŋ/
a metal ring used for keeping keys together
Does the man like the keyrings?
keyring
lose
***
v
/luːz/
to stop having something because it has been taken from you or
destroyed
Where did you lose your keys?
mug
*
nC
/mʌɡ/
a cup with straight sides and no saucer, used mainly for hot drinks
How many mugs does the woman take?
offer
***
v
/ˈɒfə(r)/
to provide something such as a product or service
We have collected here a small sample of the
best Cape Town has to offer.
nC
/ˈpɜː(r)mɪt/
an official document that gives you permission to do something
You needn’t have a permit to buy a gun.
nC
/pɪɡ/
an animal with no fur and a curly tail kept by farmers for its meat
You mustn’t take a pig to the beach in Miami
Beach, Florida.
permit
pig
**
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
33
Unit 10 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
quality
***
n C/U
/ˈkwɒləti/
the quality of something is how good or bad it is
You can find quality clothes at the shopping
centre.
shark
*
nC
/ʃɑː(r)k/
a large fish with sharp teeth that lives in the sea
The ocean near Cape Town is famous for sharks.
shout
***
v
/ʃaʊt/
to say something in a loud voice
You must not shout or sing in public at night in
the town of Topeka, Kansas.
skill
***
n C/U
/skɪl/
the ability to do something well, usually as a result of experience
and training
Football players have a lot of skill.
*
nC
/sneɪk/
a long thin animal with no legs and a smooth skin
In Toledo, Ohio it’s against the law to throw a
snake at another person.
nC
/spɑː/
a place with a natural supply of mineral water where people go
because the water is considered to improve health
At Cape Grace you can relax in the spa.
adj
/streɪndʒ/
unusual or unexpected, especially in a way that surprises or
worries you
Do you have any strange laws in your town or
country?
nC
/ˈtedi beə(r)/
a soft toy bear
It’s a big brown teddy bear.
snake
spa
strange
***
teddy bear
throw
***
v
/θrəʊ/
to use your hand to send an object through the air
In Toledo, Ohio it’s against the law to throw a
snake at another person.
towel
**
nC
/ˈtaʊəl/
a piece of material used for drying your hands or body, or for drying
dishes
They’re small white towels.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
34
Unit 11 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Jobs
accountant
**
nC
/əˈkaʊntənt/
someone whose job is to prepare financial records for a company
or person
My brother is an accountant.
actor
***
nC
/ˈæktə(r)/
someone who performs in plays and films, especially as their job
Brad Pitt is a famous actor.
builder
**
nC
/ˈbɪldə(r)/
someone whose job is to repair and build houses
Do you know a good builder?
doctor
***
nC
/ˈdɒktə(r)/
someone whose job is to treat people who are ill or injured
Are you a doctor?
nurse
***
nC
/nɜː(r)s/
someone who is trained to look after ill or injured people, usually
in a hospital
In Britain there are men and women nurses.
secretary
***
nC
/ˈsekrətri/
someone in an office who works for someone else and who
does jobs such as arranging meetings, making phone calls, and
preparing letters
Her secretary sent me an email.
security guard
nC
/sɪˈkjʊərəti ɡɑː(r)d/
someone whose job is to guard something
He works as a security guard.
vet
nC
/vet/
a doctor for animals. Vet is short for veterinary surgeon.
I took my dog to the vet yesterday.
nC
/ˈweɪtə(r)/
a man or boy who brings food and drink to your table in a
restaurant or café
Will is a waiter.
badly-paid
adj
/ˈbædlipeɪd/
if someone is badly paid, they do not earn much money, or they
earn less money than is fair for the work they do
What jobs are badly-paid?
employed
adj
/ɪmˈplɔɪd/
someone paid regularly to do a job or to work as a member of an
organization
This means that more people will be employed
in the service sector.
done for the number of hours that people normally work in a
complete week
Part-time jobs will be more common than fulltime jobs.
done for only part of the time that an activity is usually performed
Do students have part-time jobs?
waiter
*
Describing work
full-time
**
adj
/ˈfʊltaɪm/
part-time
**
adj
/ˈpɑː(r)ttaɪm/
permanent
***
adj
/ˈpɜː(r)mənənt/
happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the future
You won’t have a permanent job for life in the
future.
temporary
***
adj
/ˈtemp(ə)rəri/
temporary workers do a job for a limited period of time
A lot of young people do temporary work.
unemployed
***
adj
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/
without a job
Are there many unemployed people in your
country?
adj
/ˈwelpeɪd/
a well-paid person receives a good amount of money for work
What jobs are well-paid in your country?
to do something well
I sometimes do a good job when I’m motivated.
well-paid
Collocations with make & do
do a good job
/duː ə ˈɡʊd dʒɒb/
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
35
Unit 11 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
work that a teacher gives a student to do out of class
I always do my homework every night.
to become the friend of someone and treat them in a kind way
I usually make friends easily.
/meɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/
something that you have not done correctly, or something you say
or think that is not correct
I sometimes make mistakes in English.
make coffee
/meɪk ˈkɒfi/
to pour hot water onto a powder made from ground coffee beans
so that you have a hot drink
I never make coffee in the morning.
make plans
/meɪk plænz/
make arrangements to achieve something
I sometimes make plans for the future.
Please clean up when you finish your break.
do homework
/duː ˈhəʊmˌwɜː(r)k/
make a friend
/meɪk ə frend/
make a mistake
Phrasal verbs
clean up
v
/ˈkliːn ʌp/
to make a place completely clean and tidy
log on
v
/ˈlɒɡ ɒn/
to start using a computer system, for example by typing a particular Log on with your username and password.
word
shut down
v
/ˈʃʌt daʊn/
throw away
v
turn off
if a machine or computer shuts down, or if someone shuts it down,
it stops operating
When you finish, please shut down the
computer.
/ˈθrəʊ əweɪ/
to get rid of something that you no longer want, for example by
putting it in a dustbin
Do not throw away paper.
v
/ˈtɜː(r)n ɒf/
to stop a piece of equipment working temporarily by pressing a
button or by moving a switch
Turn off all lights at the end of the day.
an opportunity for you to do something, especially something that
you want to do
When you make a mistake, see this as a chance
to learn something new.
one of the sections into which a book is divided
There are 12 chapters in the book.
something that is invisible cannot be seen
Behind the Scenes talks to the people who do
the invisible jobs.
a chance to do something, or a situation in which it is easy for you
to do something
People who speak two or more languages will
have better opportunities.
available for people in general to use
Are hospitals in your country public or private?
to stop doing something
John hates his job, so he wants to quit.
to feel sorry or sad that something has happened
Many people hate the dentist, but if you don’t go
you will regret it later.
to regularly put money in a bank or invest it so that you can use it
later
It’s never too late to save money.
Other words & phrases
chance
***
n C/U
/tʃɑːns/
chapter
***
nC
/ˈtʃæptə(r)/
invisible
**
adj
/ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
opportunity
***
n C/U
/ˌɒpə(r)ˈtjuːnəti/
public
***
adj
/ˈpʌblɪk/
quit
*
v
/kwɪt/
regret
**
v
/rɪˈɡret/
save (money)
***
v
/seɪv/
volunteer work
/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r) wɜː(r)k/ work that is not paid
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
Do some volunteer work.
36
Unit 12 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
Music
band
classical (music)
***
nC
/bænd/
a small group of musicians who play popular music such as jazz or
rock
I’ve seen lots of new and classic rock bands.
*
nU
/ˈklæsɪk(ə)l/
music written according to standard European forms or structures
by people such as Mozart and Beethoven
We went to a classical music concert last
weekend.
nU
/fəʊk/
traditional music from a particular country, region, or community,
especially music developed by people who were not professional
musicians
I really like folk music.
a type of music that developed in the late 19th century in which
The bar plays jazz music in the evenings.
there is a strong lively beat and the players often improvise (=make
up the music as they play)
folk (music)
jazz
*
nU
/dʒæz/
musician
**
nC
/mjuˈzɪʃ(ə)n/
pop (music)
*
nU
/pɒp/
R&B
nU
/ɑː(r) ˈn biː/
rap
n C/U
Think of a musician or band that you like.
a type of music, usually played on electronic instruments, that is
In the past I liked pop music.
popular with many people because it consists of short songs with a
strong beat and simple tunes that are easy to remember
a type of popular music that African American musicians
developed from blues and jazz
She likes dancing to R&B.
/ræp/
a way of talking using rhythm and rhyme, usually over a strong
musical beat
Do you have much rap music on your iPod?
a type of music that developed from rock ’n’ roll and uses a heavy
regular beat, electric guitars, singing, and a tune that is easy to
remember
How long has the man liked rock music?
rock (music)
***
nU
/rɒk/
singer
**
nC
/ˈsɪŋə(r)/
song
***
nC
/sɒŋ/
nC
/ˈsɒŋˌraɪtə(r)/
nC
songwriter
someone who performs or writes music, especially as their job
someone who sings, especially someone who sings well or as a job Listen to a person talking about her favourite
singer.
a piece of music with words that you sing
He has written a song.
someone who writes songs
He’s a great songwriter but he can’t sing very
well.
/ˈkæm(ə)rə/
a piece of equipment used for making television programmes,
films, or videos
Don’t look into the camera!
nC
/ˈɡeɪm ʃəʊ/
a television programme in which people play games or answer
questions in order to win prizes
They won a lot of money on the game show.
Media
camera
***
game show
journalist
**
nC
/ˈdʒɜː(r)nəlɪst/
someone whose job is to report the news for a newspaper,
magazine, radio programme, or television programme
Can the journalist ask you some questions?
newspaper
***
nC
/ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə(r)/
a set of large printed sheets of folded paper containing news,
articles, and other information, usually published every day
I read the newspaper every morning.
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
37
Unit 12 | Main vocabulary
Word
Frequency
of Use
Straightforward | Elementary
Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling
Definition
Sample Sentence
radio
***
nC
/ˈreɪdiəʊ/
a system of broadcasting information and programmes that people
can listen to
She’s been on local radio.
the (morning/
evening) news
***
nU
/ðə ˈnjuːz/
a television or radio broadcast that gives you information about
recent events, read by a newsreader with special reports by
correspondents
Think of some people who are on television or in
the news a lot at the moment.
achievement
***
n C /U
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/
a particular thing that you have achieved
Winning this award is a great achievement.
award
***
nC
/əˈwɔː(r)d/
a prize or other reward that is given to someone who has achieved
something
He has won an award.
beginning
***
nC
/bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/
the first part of something
Every end is a new beginning.
brochure
*
nC
/ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/
a small magazine containing details and pictures of goods or
services that you can buy
An advertisement brochure for a language
school.
choose
***
v
/tʃuːz/
to decide which you want from a number of people or things
Time chooses the Person of the Year as the
individual or group of individuals who have had
the biggest effect on the year’s news.
founder
*
nC
/ˈfaʊndə(r)/
someone who starts a school, organization, business, or
community
Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook. (2010)
lifetime
**
nC
/ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm/
the period of time when someone is alive
‘Music is enough for a lifetime, but a lifetime is
not enough for music.’
memorize
*
v
/ˈmeməraɪz/
to learn something so that you remember it perfectly
I memorize a new English word every day.
Other words & phrases
Straightforward Elementary Second edition © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012
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