S P ECIAL EDUCATION : D E F I N I T I O N S , H I S T O R Y, A N D LEGAL BASES (LESSON 1) AIZA LUEGO- CASENAS SLSU- SAN JUAN CAMPUS 1. E A S L C I P 2. U I E S C N L V I 3. A L I B S I D I E S T •Complete the statements below based from the observed pictures: •I observed…… •I feel…… •I think…… DEFINITIONS: YSSELDYKE & ALGOZZINE (1990) “Special education is the instruction designed for students with special learning needs. Some of these have difficulty in the regular classrooms; they need special education to function in school. DEFINITIONS: YSSELDYKE & ALGOZZINE (1990) Special education is evidence of society’s willingness to recognize and respond to the individual needs of student and the limits of special school programmers to accommodate these needs” DEFINITIONS: KIRK & GALLAGHER (1986) It is the help that the schools devise for children who differ significantly from the normal. DEFINITIONS: Special Education is also known as Special Ed or SPED, Special Needs Education is a set of educational programs or services specially designed to meet the unique needs of learners with disabilities that cannot be sufficiently met using traditional educational programs or techniques. DEFINITIONS: Special education services and programs may be provided individually (one-on-one setup) or in a group with other learners with similar educational needs. DEFINITIONS: It is the practice of educating students with special needs in a way that addresses their individual. This process involved the individually planned and monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, and accessible setting. GOAL OF SPED: Article I, Section 5 of Child and Youth Welfare Code (PD No. 603) states that the ultimate goal of special education shall be the integration or mainstreaming of learners with special needs into the regular school system and eventually in the community. GOAL OF SPED: How to achieve? To achieve this, special educational programs must focus on helping the learners develop academic skills, self- help skills, social proficiency, a positive attitude and selfconfidence. (Raven’s Guide to Special Education) AIM OF SPED: To develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable him to become self-reliant and shall be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full and happy life. OBJECTIVES OF SPED: The specific objectives of special education shall be the development and maximization of learning competencies, as well as the inculcation of values to make the learners with special needs a useful and effective member of society. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: General Principles in Special Education: Each child has a Right to Education. Equal opportunity assurance of quality education to all regardless of their assessed needs will be fully met. Placing a handicapped students in a normal setting is only the first step to integration GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: General Principles in Special Education: Educational resources for handicapped students should be comparable to those available for nonhandicapped students and appropriate to meet the special needs of those children, since these needs have often been long neglected or received unduly low priority. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: Special Education services should be: Individualized, that is based on the assessed and agreed needs of the child. Locally accessible, that is within reasonable traveling distance of the pupil’s house or residence. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: Special Education services should be: Educational services should be made available to children below school age and be educationally and developmentally oriented. Home visiting services should be available starting from the first weeks of life. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: Special Education services should be: Educational opportunities should also be provided to adolescents and adults, at least on the same scale as to all others in the community. Abigail had little formal schooling but a quick wit and was a colorful writer. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: Special Education services should be: Comprehensive programming for disabled persons will require a full range of services: health, social welfare, rehabilitation, employment and placement. GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES OF SPED: Special Education services should be: Failure to educate and train handicapped persons in proportion equal to the provision of services for the non-handicapped, because of the problem being perceived as a lower priority, results in later expensive programs to care for the untreated disabled. OVERVIEW: Over 48 million of children and youth living in the Philippine society today, 12% of them have special needs. Yet 97.4% from these children and youth do not receive appropriate educational services. BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: 1908- a SPED school for deaf was established(in Harrison, Pasay City) was established and marked the official government recognition of obligations towards the education of the handicapped children BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: 1927- the first school for mental retardation was offered in Welfareville Children’s Village in Mandaluyong City BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: 1926-Philippine Association for the Deaf (PAD). 1956- The Samar Institute offered for teaching the deaf 1957- Department of Education created the Special Education Section. BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: In 1952, a pilot school for the SPED ( at the Phil. Women’s University) of mentally handicapped children was started. All children from this school were transferred to the Special Child Study Center in Cubao, Q.C. in 1957. BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: 1958- The American Foundation for overseas blind open it’s regional office in Manila. 1960- Some private Colleges & Universities started to open special education courses in their graduate school. BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: Philippine Normal College offered courses in Sped for teaching the blind in 1964 wherein 14 elementary teachers were selected for training. LEGAL BASES OF SPED R.A. No. 3562 An Act to Promote the EDUCATION of the blind in the Philippines which established teacher training course and Philippine National School for the Blind. BRIEF HISTORY OF SPED: 1962- University of the Philippines offers Training of Teachers on the following: 1. Hearing Impairment 2. Mental Retardation 3. Mental Giftedness