SOCIETY AND CULTURE
(SOCSCI 1)
Lesson 1
PREPARED BY:
FAITH VALERIE A. LACARA
What is Science?
01
Science is a way of learning about the world through
discipline inquiry which combines systematic theory
and observation that provide explanation of how the
things work.
Science may also be
divided into:
●
Pure Science is a category of
science that deals with
research and theories.
●
Applied Science is directed
toward the use of scientific
knowledge and theory for the
solution of practical problems.
PURE
SCIENCE
APPLIED
SCIENCE
The Origins of Anthropology and Sociology
▪
▪
From the Greek word Anthropos (tao) + logos (salita)
Anthropology is also called Aghamtao
Four Branches of Anthropology
1.
Biological Anthropology
2.
Cultural Anthropology
3.
Linguistic Anthropology
4.
Archeological Anthropology
How did Sociology Begin?
Sociology emerged in the middle of 19th century in Europe.
●
●
▪
▪
Industrial Revolution
The Success of American and French Revolution
Imperialism
Success of Natural Sciences
INDU
STRIA
L
REVO
LUTIO
N
What was the
Industrial
Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution refers
to the greatly increased output of
machine made goods that began
in England in the 1700s.
▪ Machines were invented which
replaced human labor.
▪ New
energy
sources
were
developed to power the new
machinery – water, steam,
electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)
▪ Increased use of metals and
minerals like aluminum, coal,
copper, iron, etc.
The Social Class Changes
▪
The Wealthy Elite (upper class)
5 percent of the population is made up of wealthy elite. Made up of Aristocracy
and Upper Middle Class who became leaders in government and military.
▪
The industrial Middle Class (Middle Class)
They extended their range of fine silk clothes and comfortable furniture and ran
factories with cheap labour from the working class.
▪
Working Class (Lower Class)
Composed of 80 percent of the society, the workers.
The S
ucce
ss of
Amer
ican
Frenc and
Revol h
ution
American Revolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Navigation Act
Quartering Act
Stamp Act
Townshend Act
Revolution
French Revolution
TRAV
E
(Imp
eriali
L
sm)
IMPERIALISM
By expanding their conquered
countries they were also able to
share their culture with them.
When it comes to development,
European countries have also
made a significant contribution to
the development of the countries
under their control.
The S
ucce
ss
of Na
tural
Scien
ce
The Success of
Natural Science
The use of accurate valid,
and systematic observations to
evaluate hypotheses in
chemistry and physics has
started to change the world.
PIONEERS OF SOCIOLOGY
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
The Father of Sociology
Positivism- Using Scientific
methods of reveal laws by
which societies and
individuals interact.
Harriet Martineau
(1802-1876)
●
Firs woman sociologist
●
Illustrations of Political Economy
(1931) that educated people about
principles of economics.
●
Credited with the first systematic
methodological international
comparisons of social institutions.
KARL MARX
(1818-1883)
▪ German Philosopher and
Economist
▪ Communist Manifesto
(1848)- Looks at the society
as a result of the struggle of
different classes over the
means of production.
Herbert Spencer
(1820-1903)
• The Study of Sociology (1873)
• He favored a form that allowed
market forces to control
capitalism.
George Simmel
(1858-1918)
●
Addressed topics such as social
conflict, the function of money
individual identity in the city life,
and the European fears of outsiders.
●
Micro-level theories
●
Cultures are the creative capacities
of individuals.
Emile Durkheim
(1858-1917)
●
Helped Establish the first European
department of Sociology at the
University of Bordeaux in 1895.
●
“Social facts determine whether the
society is healthy or pathological.”
●
Suicide are caused by socio-religious
forces rather than to individual or
psychological causes.
George Herbert Mead
(1863-1931) and the Social
Self
●
●
The mind and self develop
as a result of social
processes. How an
individual views himself is
based to a very large extent
on interactions with others.
Symbolic-interactionism
and the micro-level
approach.
Max Weber(1864-1920)
and Verstehen
●
Verstehen- to grasp by insight; to
understand in a deeper way;
understanding from the insider’s point
of view.
●
Proposed the philosophy of
anti-positivism whereby social
researchers strive to subjectively
represent social processes, cultural
norms and social values.
C. Wright Mills (1916-1962)
and Sociological
Imagination
●
Sociological ImaginationSeeing general in the
particular and seeing the
strange in the familiar.
●
Author of The Power of
Life.
Sociology
-
-
Is the science of society and the social interaction
taking place among individuals in a social group.
Its scope is social facts such as facts in religion, law,
moral ideas, and economics which must be seen in their
relation to each other and the collective milieu in the
midst of which they develop and whose expression they
are.
AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
Social Organization
Human Ecology
Social Psychology
Sociological Theory and
Methods
Social change and disorganization
Population studies
Applied Sociology