SODIUM (NA+)
135-145
HYPERNATREMIA HYPONATREMIA
"BIG AND BLOATED"
FLUSHED SKIN
EDEMA
LOW GRADE FEVER
EXCESSIVE THIRST
LATE SERIOUS
SIGNS:
-SWOLLEN DRY
TONGUE
-GI (NAUSEA AND
VOMITING)
-INCREASED
MUSCLE TONE
"DEPRESSED &
DEFLATED"
NEURO CHANGES
TACHYCARDIA
WEAK, THREADY
PULSE
PATIENT COULD GO
INTO RESPIRATORY
DESTRESS
Na+ and K+
are
OPPOSITES
SODIUM'S FUNCTIONS:
MAINTAINS
BLOOD PRESSURE
BLOOD VOLUME
PH BALANCE
POTASSIUM (K+)
3 .5 -5
HYPERKALEMIA
HYPOKALEMIA
HYPOTENSION,
DECREASED DTR
BRADYCARDIA
MUSCLE CRAMPING
DIARRHEA
FLACCID PARALYSIS
HYPERACTIVE BOWEL
HYPOACTIVE BOWEL
SOUNDS
SOUNDS
PARALYSIS IN EXTREMITIES
CONSTIPATION
INCREASED DTR
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
PROFOUND MUSCLE
PARALYTIC ILEUS
WEAKNESS
POTASSIUM IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR
HEART AND MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
WORDS SUCH AS
"PROFOUND" AND
"SEVERE" ARE LATE
SYMPTOMS AND SHOULD
BE ASSESSED FIRST!
IMBALANCES CAN CAUSE CARDIAC
ARRYTHMIAS AND
NEUROMUSCLUAR DYSFUNCTION
Na+ and K+ are
OPPOSITES
NEVER ADMINISTER K+
THROUGH IV PUSH, IM, OR
SUB-Q!
ALWAYS DILUTE
CHLORIDE
9 6 -1 0 6
HYPERCHLOREMIA
NEARLY SAME AS HIGH
NA+
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
SWOLLEN DRY TONGUE
CONFUSION
DEEP BREATHING
FUNCTIONS:
MAINTAINS
BLOOD PRESSURE
BLOOD VOLUME
PH BALANCE
HYPOCHLOREMIA
NEARLY THE SAME AS
LOW NA+
EXCESSIVE DIARRHEA,
VOMITING, SWEATING
FEVER (ONLY
DIFFERENCE)
WHERE SODIUM
GOES, CHLORIDE
FOLLOWS
MAGNESIUM
1. 3 -2 .1
HYPERMAGNESEMIA HYPOMAGNESEMIA
HIGH EVERYTHING (AS IF
PT. IS NOT SEDATED)
LOW EVERYTHING (AS
NYSTAGMUS
SEDATED)
HYPERREFLEXIA
HYPOACTIVE BOWELS
HYPERACTIVE BOWELS
SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS
POSITIVE TROUSSEAU'S
HYPOREFLEXIA
AND CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS
DYSPHAGIA
DELUSIONS
FUNCTIONS:
REGULATES BP,
BLOOD SUGAR,
MUSCLE
CONTRACTION, AND
NERVE FUNCTION
THINK ABOUT
MG AS A
SEDATIVE!
MAGNESIUM IS REQUIRED
FOR:
CALCIUM
VIT. D ABSORPTION
MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM
ARE PROPORTIONAL WITH EACH OTHER
MG INCREASES/DECREASES WITH CA2+
CALCIUM
9 -1 0 .5
HYPERCALCEMIA
HYPOCALCEMIA
"SWOLLEN AND SLOW"
TROUSSEAU'S SIGN
CONSTIPATION
CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS
BONE PAIN
DIARRHEA
KIDNEY STONES
CIRCUMORAL TINGLING
DECREASED DTR
RISK FOR FRACTURE
SEVERE MUSCLE
INCREASED BLEEDING
WEAKNESS
CARDIAC ARRTHYMIAS
FUNCTIONS:
KEEPS BLOOD,
BONES, AND BEATS
STRONG
Co=Mg
Ca & PO=opposites
Patient's with a Ca imbalance are at
higher risk for pathologic fractures,
so move patient slowly and
carefully!
PHOSPHATE
9 -1 0 .5
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
TROUSSEAU'S SIGN "SWOLLEN AND SLOW"
CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS
CONSTIPATION
DIARRHEA
BONE PAIN
CIRCUMORAL TINGLING
KIDNEY STONES
RISK FOR FRACTURE
DECREASED DTR
INCREASED BLEEDING
SEVERE MUSCLE
CARDIAC ARRTHYMIAS
WEAKNESS
FUNCTIONS:
BONE AND TEETH
FORMATION
HELPS REGULATE
CALCIUM
Ca & PO=opposites
Insulin therapies can lower
Phosphate levels!
Chemotherapy can cause
hyperphosphatemia.
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