Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) A 67-year-old female complains of severe left lower leg pain. She states that she was walking
across the room when she suddenly heard a "crack" and felt excruciating pain in her leg. Her left
tibia appears to be deformed and ecchymotic, as well as tender on palpation. Her vital signs are:
pulse 96, respirations 28, blood pressure 168/74, and SpO 2 98%. Additionally, she states that her
1)
doctor told her that the steroids she takes can weaken her bones, placing her at greater risk for
fractures. Appropriate care for this patient would include:
A) application of a splint to the leg.
B) high-concentration oxygen by mask.
C) full immobilization to the long board.
D) direct pressure to the area of injury.
2) The EMT recognizes that a benefit of applying a traction splint to a deformed femur and thigh is
that it:
A) increases perfusion to the muscle.
B) contracts the thigh muscles.
C) decreases pain.
D) corrects the fracture.
2)
3) An elderly female patient has fallen and is complaining of right hip and right knee pain. When
assessing her, what finding would you find most concerning?
A) Crepitus at the right hip
B) Swelling on the right knee
C) Ecchymosis of the right hip and knee
D) Absent pedal pulse
3)
4) Your patient has an injury to the elbow and forearm. While you are conducting the reassessment,
which one of the following statements made by the patient should concern you most?
A) "My arm seems to be bruising more."
B) "I am still having a hard time moving my arm."
C) "My hand feels like it is going to sleep."
D) "It hurts when I move my fingers."
4)
5) What assessment finding would contraindicate the use of the traction splint?
A) Deformity to the hip
B) Decreased pedal pulse
C) Open fracture
D) Numbness to the foot
5)
6) Which statement about different musculoskeletal injuries is true?
A) Strains are injuries that occur to ligaments and the joints to which they are attached.
B) A fracture occurs when a tendon connecting muscle to a bone is overstretched and
injured.
C) A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments.
D) A dislocation occurs when the bone contained within a joint is broken.
6)
7) Which one of the following statements shows that an EMT understands field care of a patient
with a possible joint dislocation?
A) "If a distal pulse is absent, three attempts to straighten the joint can be made."
B) "The care for a patient with a joint injury is identical to that of a fracture."
C) "Warm packs, not cold packs, are indicated for a patient with a possible joint injury."
D) "If a joint injury is suspected, ice packs and not splints are indicated."
7)
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8) What statement regarding voluntary muscles is true?
A) Voluntary muscles are primarily located on the torso.
B) Voluntary muscles produce movement by extending.
C) Voluntary muscles comprise less mass in the body than involuntary muscles.
D) Voluntary muscles connect to the bones of the skeletal system.
8)
9) A patient was struck in the right upper arm with a baseball bat. Which of the following signs or
symptoms indicates the highest probability that the humerus has been fractured?
A) Crepitus felt on palpation
B) Decreased sensation in the right hand
C) Pain to the right upper arm
D) Deformity to the upper arm
9)
10) Which assessment finding, on a 32-year-old female involved in an MVC, should the EMT
recognize as potentially life threatening?
A) Deformity of the left femur
B) Crepitus palpated to the right humerus
C) Open fracture to the right forearm
D) Dislocation of two fingers on the left hand
10)
11) Which one of the following bone injuries would be classified as occurring in the appendicular
skeletal system?
A) Skull fracture
B) Right-hip fracture
C) Spinal fracture
D) Rib fracture
11)
12) A 9-year-old boy has fallen from a swing. Assessment findings reveal no threats to the airway,
breathing, or circulation, but do indicate deformity, pain, and swelling to his right wrist. The
right radial pulse is strong and is accompanied by skin that is pink and warm to the touch.
Which one of the following actions indicates that the EMT is properly caring for this patient?
A) Massaging the wrist gently to decrease the pain
B) Maintaining the wrist below the level of the heart to decrease swelling
C) Straightening the wrist to promote blood flow to the hand
D) Applying cold packs to the wrist to reduce swelling
12)
13) A patient fell and sustained an open fracture to the left humerus. However, assessment reveals
the bone to have pulled back into the arm. Bleeding from the site is controlled. How will
splinting the left arm benefit this patient?
A) Converts the open fracture to a closed fracture and maintains it as such
B) Decreases the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels
C) Eliminates the possibility of infection through the open wound
D) Starts the process of healing by aligning and connecting the bone ends
13)
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14) You arrive at a hunting camp for a hunter who stumbled over a rock and caught himself on his
outstretched arm. He denies hitting his head or neck. There are no threats to the airway,
breathing, or circulation. He has swelling and ecchymosis to his left wrist. A radial pulse is
readily palpated and the skin in the hand is warm to the touch. Which one of the following
instructions given by the EMT to other rescuers indicates proper care of this patient?
A) "After we splint his wrist, we will need to elevate it during transport to decrease the
opportunity for swelling."
B) "Make sure to wrap that splint as tightly as you can; we need a lot of pressure to prevent
additional swelling."
C) "Since he still has a pulse in that arm, the swelling must be from a muscle injury. We can
forego the splint and just apply ice packs."
D) "When you splint that arm, make sure that it is somewhat loose so the patient can move it
if he becomes uncomfortable."
14)
15) The EMT recognizes that a splint applied too loosely can result in which one of the following?
A) Conversion of an open fracture to a closed fracture
B) Laceration of previously intact blood vessels
C) New fractures along the bone
D) Increased risk for infection
15)
16) Which one of the following questions is best asked when attempting to determine the degree of
sensation in the hand of a patient who has suffered an elbow injury?
A) "Do you have feeling in your hand?"
B) "Can you tell me if you have paresthesia in your hand?"
C) "Can you tell me what finger I am touching?"
D) "Does your hand feel as though it is asleep?"
16)
17) Firefighters are extricating the driver of a small car that was struck broadside by a delivery truck
at a moderate rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained, and the car sustained severe damage
to the driver's side. As the man is pulled from the car, you note severe deformity to his left thigh
area. Your primary assessment shows the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli, with an
open airway and adequate breathing at 20 breaths per minute. His radial pulse is present but
rapid at a rate of 124. After applying oxygen, the EMT should immediately:
A) apply a traction splint to the left leg.
B) conduct a rapid secondary assessment.
C) check for a pedal pulse in the left foot.
D) examine the left leg.
17)
18) A football player injured his knee during practice and is in pain. His left knee is swollen,
ecchymotic, and flexed in an upward position. Your partner reports that the distal skin is warm,
and he has located a weak pedal pulse. Which one of the following should you perform
immediately?
A) Splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital.
B) Apply a traction splint and straighten the knee until the pain is decreased.
C) Place the patient on a long spine board and apply the traction splint en route to the
hospital.
D) Realign and straighten the injured knee and then immobilize it by binding it to the other
leg.
18)
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19) A patient has swelling and deformity to the wrist. After splinting, which one of the following
positions of the hand is most appropriate?
A) Fingers curled inward
B) Hand in a fist with thumb inside fist
C) Wrist flexed with fingers extended
D) Fingers extended and spread
19)
20) A young female patient was walking on a 7-foot-high retaining wall when she stumbled and
fell. She impacted a concrete sidewalk surface with her left foot and left hand. Your assessment
reveals ecchymosis, deformity, and edema to both the left foot and left hand. Based on the
concept of injury caused by indirect force, where else should the EMT look for injury?
A) Left ankle
B) Left toes
C) Left fingers
D) Left hip
20)
21) A patient with a closed fracture to the forearm has been properly splinted when which of the
following are immobilized?
A) Elbow and forearm
B) Wrist, forearm, and elbow
C) Shoulder, elbow, and forearm
D) Wrist and forearm
21)
22) A lifeguard has fallen 10 feet from his chair and has deformity, swelling, and ecchymosis to her
right lower leg. The leg also is rotated medially. Another lifeguard has taken and is maintaining
manual in-line spinal stabilization. As your partner conducts the primary assessment, you
should take which one of the following actions?
A) Ready the traction splint for application.
B) Manually stabilize the lower right leg.
C) Align the leg in a neutral position.
D) Check the right foot for pulses and motor ability.
22)
23) While on standby at a semi-professional baseball game, you are summoned onto the field for a
player complaining of severe leg pain after colliding with the catcher of the opposing team. The
primary assessment shows no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The secondary
assessment reveals a severely deformed knee that is swollen and ecchymotic. The leg is pale and
cool, and the patient cannot move his leg when asked to do so. In addition, you cannot palpate a
pedal pulse. Which one of the following is your priority at this time?
A) Attempt to straighten the leg until a pulse returns.
B) Apply a traction splint and enough traction until a pulse returns.
C) Check the patient's radial or carotid pulse.
D) Apply cold packs to the knee and transport immediately.
23)
24) Which type of muscle tissue is found in the forearm?
A) Involuntary
B) Voluntary
C) Integumentary
D) Contraction
24)
25) A female patient with osteoporosis stepped sideways on her foot and has suffered an open tibial
fracture to the distal portion of her right leg. Which one of the following interventions indicates
that appropriate care is being given for this injury?
A) The EMT cleans dirt from within the wound and off the bone prior to splinting.
B) The protruding bone is gently replaced back under the skin.
C) The bone end and soft tissue wounds are covered with a sterile dressing.
D) A pressure dressing is tightly applied to the open wound prior to splinting.
25)
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26) When assessing a head-injured patient, what finding is most indicative of increasing pressure
within the skull?
A) Respirations of 24 to 28 per minute
B) Constriction of the right pupil to light
C) Blood pressure of 192/106 mmHg
D) Heart rate of 132 beats per minute
26)
27) A 21-year-old male has suffered a gunshot wound to the head. As you assess him, what finding
would you recognize as a nonpurposeful response to pain?
A) Attempting to move his hand away from you as you pinch it
B) Exhibiting no response to any and all stimuli
C) Garbled and incomprehensible speech when you call his name
D) Flexing his arms across his chest when you pinch his shoulder
27)
28) You are assessing the pupils of a patient who hit his head after falling from the top of a tractor
trailer. What pupillary finding suggests a closed head injury?
A) Both the left and right pupils are constricted and do not react to light.
B) The right pupil constricts when light is shined into the left pupil.
C) The left pupil constricts to light but the right pupil does not.
D) The left pupil dilates in reaction to light while the right does not.
28)
29) A 52-year-old male is unresponsive and has bruises and lacerations to the head, chest, and
abdomen. Bystanders state that the patient was intoxicated and got into a fight with several
patrons of a bar. They state that he was beaten with their fists, and not other objects or weapons.
The patient has snoring respirations, shallow breathing, and a strong radial pulse. His skin is
warm and dry. After taking manual in-line spinal stabilization, which one of the following
should be your next action?
A) Start positive pressure ventilation.
B) Apply a cervical collar.
C) Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D) Insert a nasal or oral airway.
29)
30) Your patient is a young adult male in police custody after he crashed his car into a utility pole.
There is minor front-end damage to the vehicle, and the air bags deployed. The patient was not
wearing a seat belt and has an abrasion on his forehead. He is awake and oriented to person,
time, and place. His speech is slurred and he has an odor of alcohol on his breath. The arresting
officer states that he just wants you to check the patient out before he transports him to jail.
Which one of the following is most appropriate?
A) Have the officer sign a refusal-of-care form.
B) Release the patient to the police.
C) Have the patient sign a refusal-of-care form.
D) Contact medical command.
30)
31) A 57-year-old man fell on the sidewalk, hitting his head on the concrete. According to
witnesses, the patient was unresponsive for several minutes following the fall. Which one of the
following would be most critical to relay to the physician in the emergency department?
A) History of depression
B) History of alcoholism
C) Position in which the patient was found
D) Knee replacement two years ago
31)
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32) A patient exhibits retrograde amnesia when she:
A) is nonverbal following a head injury.
B) responds purposely to painful stimuli.
C) is foggy to events occurring after the injury.
D) cannot remember falling and hitting her head.
32)
33) A young female was thrown from a horse and is now confused. Assessment findings include an
open airway, adequate breathing, and a strong radial pulse. Her vital signs are normal. Which
one of the following questions would be the most important to immediately ask her mother,
who was riding with her?
A) "Did she lose consciousness?"
B) "Does she have any medical problems?"
C) "Is she allergic to anything?"
D) "Are all of her immunizations up to date?"
33)
34) Your patient is a 40-year-old male who fell 20 feet from a ledge while hiking. The park ranger is
maintaining manual in-line spinal stabilization. The patient is combative and confused, but the
airway is open and breathing is adequate. The patient has a radial pulse of 112, blood pressure of
96/76, and SpO 2 91%. Which one of the following should you do first?
34)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Check the patient's blood glucose level.
Begin administering supplemental oxygen.
Immobilize the patient to a long board.
Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver.
35) A young male patient was running through a park and struck his head on a low-lying branch of
a tree. Emergency Medical Responders have already immobilized the patient to a long board and
are providing supplemental oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask. During transport, which
one of the following assessment findings obtained during your reassessment would best
indicate that the patient has suffered a concussion?
A) Improving memory
B) Unequal grip strength
C) Elevated blood pressure
D) Persistent confusion
35)
36) An intoxicated teenage male with a diabetic history fell down five stairs and is now responding
to a shoulder pinch with garbled speech. Manual stabilization of the cervical spine is being
maintained. The primary assessment reveals an open airway, adequate breathing, and strong
radial pulse. Vital signs are pulse 122, respirations 18, blood pressure 108/60, and SpO 2 97%.
36)
His skin is warm and dry. Which action would be performed next?
A) Perform a secondary exam.
B) Start hyperventilation.
C) Obtain another set of vital signs.
D) Administer oral glucose.
37) Which finding indicates that a patient who received a blow to the head is suffering from
something other than a concussion?
A) His heart rate is 92 and his blood pressure is 144/86.
B) His pupils are noticeably unequal.
C) He asks the same questions over and over.
D) He cannot remember what happened.
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37)
38) When using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), the EMT understands that:
A) a low score indicates less severity.
B) the score must be combined with vital signs.
C) the score identifies the type of head injury.
D) the higher score the better.
38)
39) The cerebellum is described as an area of the brain that:
A) consists of two hemispheres each containing five distinct lobes.
B) controls reflexes and assists in maintaining body posture.
C) controls the body functions most essential and vital to life.
D) is responsible for most conscious and sensory functions.
39)
40) Which finding is most consistent with a basilar skull fracture?
A) A hematoma over the occipital region
B) Altered mental status
C) Bruising behind the ear
D) Bilateral constricted pupils
40)
41) You suspect that an unhelmeted male patient who was ejected from a motorcycle may have a
basilar skull fracture. As you perform the secondary assessment, which finding would reinforce
this suspicion?
A) Clear fluid coming from the right ear and left nostril
B) Paralysis of the left arm and leg
C) Dilation and sluggish response of the right pupil to light
D) Blood coming from the canals of both ear and nose
41)
42) Which statement is true regarding linear skull fractures?
A) Linear skull fractures cannot be identified with palpation.
B) Linear skull fractures are rare and infrequently encountered.
C) Linear skull fractures are identifiable by a mild depression in the skull.
D) Linear skull fractures place the patient at risk for blood loss.
42)
43) Which one of the following statements best describes the technique to be used when
hyperventilating a head-injured patient with signs that the brain is herniating?
A) Ventilate 30 times per minute.
B) Ventilate 16 times per minute.
C) Provide 1 ventilation every 5 seconds.
D) Provide 1 ventilation every 3 seconds.
43)
44) A 25-year-old male jail inmate was pushed over the railing of a walkway 20 feet above the
ground. He is unresponsive and has an open fracture of the left upper arm. How would you
determine if the patient has sensation in his legs?
A) Check for the presence and strength of a pedal pulse.
B) Ask him if he can feel you touching his foot.
C) Pinch his foot and look for movement on the leg.
D) Lift his leg and look for a facial grimace.
44)
45) A male patient has suffered an injury that severed his spinal cord in the thoracic spine. What
presentation would be associated with this injury?
A) He will experience paralysis to the legs.
B) He will have decreased motor ability above the injury.
C) He will have no sensation in his arms.
D) He will feel pain below the injury in his legs.
45)
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46) What area of the spinal cord is most commonly injured?
A) Lumbar spine
B) Cervical spine
C) Thoracic spine
D) Sacral spine
46)
47) A male patient fell 20 feet from a cliff to a trail below. The primary assessment shows him to be
confused, with an open airway and shallow breathing. His pulse is 72 beats per minute and his
blood pressure is 78/50 mmHg. The skin is warm and flushed. The patient has no motor ability
or sensation in his legs. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's
presentation?
A) Spinal injury
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Hemorrhagic shock
D) Internal bleeding
47)
48) You arrive on the scene of a two-car motor vehicle collision. The patient was the unrestrained
driver of a car that struck another from behind at 25 mph. In the course of the collision, the
patient flew forward and struck the windshield with his head. No air bags were deployed. The
patient extricated himself and denies head, neck, or back pain; however, you do note a small cut
on his hand, which occurred as he was getting out of the car. When asked about preexisting
medical problems he tells you that he did have herniated disks in his lumbar spine that were
surgically repaired several years ago. Based on this, your strongest reason to fully immobilize
this patient would be:
A) mechanism of injury.
B) history of back surgery.
C) laceration to the hand.
D) self-extrication of the patient.
48)
49) A patient involved in a diving accident has his head positioned so that his left cheek is touching
his left shoulder. He states that he has severe pain in his neck and it hurts to move his head. He
denies numbness, tingling, or decreased strength in his arms or legs. Which one of the following
is the EMT's best course of action?
A) Carefully straighten the head and neck so that a cervical collar can be placed.
B) Avoid use of a cervical collar or backboard and transport in the patient's current position.
C) Stabilize and maintain the head in the position in which the patient is holding it.
D) Avoid palpation of the cervical spine and apply a vest-type spinal immobilization device.
49)
50) For which of the following patients involved in a motor vehicle collision is the use of a vest-type
short immobilization device indicated?
A) 15-year-old female complaining of neck and back pain who was self-extricated and is
standing next to the car
B) 33-year-old female in the backseat who states that her neck hurts and she has a headache
C) 41-year-old male who was ejected and is lying supine in the roadway complaining of
back pain
D) 25-year-old restrained driver who is unresponsive and has a history of diabetes and
cardiac problems
50)
51) As you approach a motorcyclist who was thrown from his bike, you hear him saying that he
cannot feel or move his legs. You note obvious deformity to both femurs as well as his left wrist
and forearm. Emergency Medical Responders are holding manual in-line spinal stabilization. Of
the following, which should be done first?
A) Expose the legs and look for bleeding.
B) Place a cervical collar and administer oxygen.
C) Check for motor function and sensation in the feet.
D) Check his rate and effort of breathing.
51)
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52) When applying a cervical spine immobilization collar (CSIC) to a young boy who fell out of a
tree, the EMT realizes the collar benefits the patient by:
A) decreasing downward compression on the cervical spine.
B) preventing the head and neck from moving.
C) immobilizing the cervical spine.
D) maintaining manual in-line stabilization.
52)
53) While transporting a 38-year-old female who fell from a second-story window, you note that
she is becoming confused and her pulse rate is increasing. Additionally, her blood pressure has
dropped and her skin is now cool and clammy. Based on these assessment findings you would
recognize:
A) head injury.
B) spinal shock.
C) hypovolemic shock.
D) neurogenic shock.
53)
54) An EMT is rapidly extricating a critically injured patient from a severely damaged vehicle.
Which one of the following would the EMT recognize as acceptable given this patient's
condition?
A) A vest-type or other short spine immobilization device still needs to be used to extricate
the patient from the vehicle.
B) Manual in-line spinal stabilization can be omitted in the vehicle, but should be taken once
the patient has been extricated and is on the long backboard.
C) The long backboard can be omitted and the patient can be placed directly onto the
stretcher as long as a cervical collar has been applied.
D) A vest-type or other short spine immobilization device can be omitted, but a cervical
collar and manual in-line spinal stabilization are still required.
54)
55) Assessment of a young girl who was hit while riding her bike reveals her to be responsive to
painful stimuli with flexion of the extremities and in respiratory distress. There is marked
deformity to her thoracic spine and bruising noted to her anterior chest and abdomen. She does
not move her legs when a noxious stimulus is applied to the lower extremities. Manual in-line
spinal stabilization is being held and a cervical collar has been applied. Given the critical nature
of this patient, which one of the following is most appropriate for her care?
A) Rapidly transfer her to the stretcher with immobilization to the long board done en route
to the hospital.
B) Transfer her to the long board already placed on the stretcher and secure with straps en
route to the hospital.
C) Wait for family members to arrive and give consent for treatment prior to moving her to
the stretcher for immediate transport.
D) Take time to completely immobilize her to the long board on scene prior to rapid
transport to the hospital.
55)
56) While performing the primary assessment on a patient with an isolated spinal cord injury, you
note that he is in severe respiratory distress and struggling to breathe. Where should you suspect
the spinal cord injury has occurred?
A) Cervical spine
B) Thoracic spine
C) Lumbar spine
D) Diaphragm
56)
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57) You have been called to a public building for a 32-year-old male patient who fell down a flight
of stairs. As you pull up, he walks to the ambulance and states that he would like to be looked at
because his shoulder and lower back hurt. You immediately take in-line manual spinal
stabilization and examine his back, which reveals no sign of injury. How should you immobilize
this patient?
A) Have the patient lie on the ground and immobilize in the usual fashion.
B) Place a cervical collar on the patient and transfer him to the stretcher.
C) Place the long board on the stretcher and carefully assist the patient onto the long board.
D) Place a long board behind the patient and immobilize in a standing position.
57)
58) A patient with a maxillary fracture would have sustained injury to her:
A) lower jaw.
B) upper jaw.
C) orbits.
D) nose and orbits.
58)
59) A patient has been splashed in the face with battery acid. He is complaining of being unable to
see anything and severe burning to his face. You observe him holding both eyes tightly shut
with significant burns on his cheeks and eyelids. In this situation, the EMT would assess the
eyes:
A) after assessing the patient's radial pulse.
B) following manual in-line spinal immobilization.
C) after determining the patient's level of consciousness.
D) prior to assessing the airway.
59)
60) A 21-year-old-female has been struck in the left eye by a softball. Which finding is most
concerning for an eye injury?
A) Unusual sensitivity to light
B) Edema to the upper eyelid
C) Bruising and swelling to the orbit
D) Vision disturbance that resolves by blinking
60)
61) A 21-year-old male has a stab wound to the left side of his neck. Emergency Medical
Responders are holding manual in-line spinal stabilization. As you approach the patient, you
note blood on his shirt and pale-looking skin color. As team leader, what direction would you
give first?
A) "Can someone start the patient on high-concentration oxygen?"
B) "Let's look for other injuries on his chest."
C) "Before we do anything else, we need to place a cervical collar on his neck."
D) "I need someone to place a gloved hand over the stab wound."
61)
62) A 15-year-old female was struck in the mouth with a baseball bat. She has lost her front teeth
and is spitting blood. The EMT's priority concern when caring for this patient would be:
A) blood loss.
B) jaw fracture.
C) airway compromise.
D) seizure activity.
62)
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63) A conscious and alert 32-year-old was assaulted and struck in the jaw with a baseball bat. He
complains of tremendous jaw pain and exhibits an unstable mandible. His airway is patent,
breathing adequate, and radial pulse normal. In caring for this patient and his injury, you
would:
A) start positive pressure ventilation.
B) insert an oral airway to stabilize the jaw.
C) suction the airway to provide airway patency.
D) immobilize to a long spine board.
63)
64) You have been called for an elderly female found by family members on the floor of her
bathroom. She is unresponsive and has a bruise to the right side of her face. Her respirations are
snoring and shallow. Her skin is cool and dry, and she is incontinent of urine. Her daughter tells
you that the patient has a past medical history of stroke, COPD, and seizures. Which of the
following would be most appropriate when managing this patient's airway?
A) Head-tilt, chin-lift
B) Suction
C) High-concentration oxygen
D) Jaw-thrust maneuver
64)
65) When assessing a male patient who was punched in the face by another man, you detect blood
in the white part of his eye. As such, you would recognize injury to what optical structure?
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Sclera
D) Lens
65)
66) A young male patient has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. As an unrestrained driver,
his head went through the driver's side window; in the process a portion of his ear was severed.
Blood is now coming from the remaining portion of his left ear. In overseeing the care of this
patient, which of the following would require corrective action?
A) The severed ear wrapped in saline-soaked gauze
B) Transport immobilized in a supine position
C) A loose dressing placed over the left ear
D) Rolled gauze in the ear canal
66)
67) You have been called to a high school science lab where a male student was splashed in the eye
with an alkaline solution. He is complaining of burning to the eye as well as pain. After
performing the primary assessment and finding no life-threatening conditions, you would:
A) cover both eyes with eye shields and move to the ambulance for immediate transport.
B) hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water and
continue throughout transport.
C) obtain a set of vital signs and determine if the patient is taking medications or has any
past medical problems.
D) determine the exact compound the patient was splashed with and the appropriate
chemical antidote.
67)
68) Which one of the following statements describes the benefit of using the pneumatic antishock
garment (PASG) to splint a potential pelvic fracture?
A) It applies even pressure to the pelvis, forcing the pelvic bones to realign.
B) It increases blood flow into both the pelvis and distal leg.
C) It can effectively stabilize the pelvis and help to control internal bleeding.
D) In addition to the pelvis, it immobilizes the thoracic and lumbar spine.
68)
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69) A young man riding a motorcycle was hit head on and ejected from the bike. Your scene size-up
reveals him to be lying supine in the roadway with obvious deformity to his right thigh and left
ankle, with blood noted on his pants in these areas. Patient assessment reveals he is
unresponsive with snoring respirations and is breathing irregularly at 16 times per minute. His
radial pulse is moderate in strength, and his skin is warm and dry. Which one of the following
actions should be performed first?
A) Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift.
B) Check for distal pulses in both lower extremities.
C) Take and maintain manual in-line spinal stabilization.
D) Expose and splint both legs to prevent further injury.
69)
70) You arrive on the scene to help another crew with the extrication from an attic of a female patient
who fell while retrieving holiday decorations. As a result of the fall, she has an open fracture to
her left lower leg. The patient has been fully immobilized to a long board and has a rigid splint
in place to her left leg. Which one of the following would indicate the extremity has been
improperly splinted?
A) Ice packs wrapped in towels have been applied to the skin between the splints.
B) The splint has immobilized the ankle, knee, and hip regions.
C) The patient is able to flex her left ankle when directed to do so.
D) The skin of the foot is red and swollen with a weak pedal pulse noted.
70)
71) Family members report that their 62-year-old mother complained of dizziness and right leg
weakness just before falling down a flight of stairs. Your assessment indicates that she is
responsive, but confused and talking with garbled speech. Her breathing is adequate and her
radial pulse is strong. Vital signs are: pulse 84, respirations 18, blood pressure 188/110 mmHg,
and SpO 2 96%. There is an open fracture to her right forearm. When instructed to do so, she
71)
does not move her right arm. When caring for this patient, you should do which one of the
following?
A) Immobilize her on the long spine board, and then place a splint on her right arm prior to
lights and sirens transport.
B) Make sure that a radial pulse is present and splint the right arm prior to moving her to
the stretcher.
C) Splint the right arm in the position found and transfer her to the stretcher for immediate
transport to the hospital.
D) Immobilize her to the long board and extricate her to the ambulance for immediate
transport.
72) The secondary assessment of a patient complaining of right leg pain after falling down several
stairs reveals a break in the skin where a fractured tibia bone broke through and then retreated
back into the leg. The EMT should recognize this as what type of injury?
A) Open fracture
B) Partial fracture
C) Laceration
D) Closed fracture
72)
73) Which one of the following statements about compartment syndrome is true?
A) "It is commonly associated with bone fractures and can result in hemorrhagic shock if not
treated."
B) "It is a life-threatening condition that will lead to death if not recognized and treated."
C) "It describes swelling in the tissues that can result in the loss of an extremity."
D) "It can be treated in the prehospital setting by applying warm packs and elevating the
extremity."
73)
12
74) An alert and oriented 22-year-old male has fallen off a tractor and is complaining of pain to his
right leg. As you quickly scan the patient, you note deformity to the tibia-fibula area of the
lower extremity. After conducting the primary assessment and manually stabilizing the leg,
what action should the EMT take?
A) Splint the leg in the position found.
B) Transfer the patient to the stretcher.
C) Check for a pedal pulse.
D) Apply the traction splint.
74)
75) A patient has a history of tendonitis to the right elbow. Based on this, the EMT would
understand that the:
A) muscles surrounding the elbow are inflamed.
B) patient suffered a previous fracture to the right elbow.
C) tissue connecting the muscle to the bones of the elbow is inflamed.
D) bones making up the elbow joint are infected.
75)
76) A patient involved in an altercation has been struck on the side of the head with a baseball bat,
in addition to suffering several blows to the arms and legs. When assessing this patient, which of
the following signs or symptoms best indicates the patient has suffered a brain injury?
A) Confusion and combativeness
B) Ecchymosis to the side of the face
C) Weakness to both arms
D) Complaint of a headache
76)
77) A woman has fallen from a second-story window onto the concrete sidewalk below. She is
unresponsive and has a large depression to the back and top of her skull. Additional findings
include abdominal bruising and an angulated left ankle. Your partner reports that the patient's
vital signs are: pulse 68, respirations 14 and irregular, blood pressure 198/110 mmHg, and SpO 2
77)
91%. Based on these assessment findings, which one of the following should the EMT recognize?
A) Severe head injury with increasing pressure within the skull
B) Shock caused by bleeding, most likely in the abdomen
C) Shock caused by bleeding within the head
D) Past medical history of untreated hypertension
78) Your patient is a young adult female who was struck by a vehicle while she was riding her
bicycle. She was not wearing a helmet. She is unresponsive and has a deformity with a deep
depression to the temporal area of the head. You note no bleeding and the scalp is intact. Which
one of the following is the greatest threat associated with this injury?
A) Loss of cerebrospinal fluid
B) Fracture of the temporal bone
C) Damage to the brain
D) Potential for infection
78)
79) You have been called to the local community hospital for a 48-year-old male involved in a
motor vehicle collision 2 hours prior. He has been diagnosed with a cerebral contusion and must
be transported to a trauma center for specialty care. As a knowledgeable EMT, you recognize
that a cerebral contusion is:
A) an open skull fracture with increased pressure in the skull.
B) bruising and swelling of the brain tissue.
C) the formation of a pocket of blood within the brain tissue.
D) active bleeding between the brain and the skull.
79)
13
80) A construction worker was accidentally shot with a nail gun. The nail penetrated the skull
approximately 1/2 inch through the temporal region. Before your arrival, coworkers pulled the
nail free. Based on the mechanism of injury, which sign provides the strongest evidence that the
meningeal layers have been broken?
A) Blood draining from the puncture wound
B) Deformity and depression at the injury site
C) Cerebrospinal fluid oozing from the puncture wound
D) Crepitus of the skull at the injury site
80)
81) As brain herniation occurs, the body responds by:
A) increasing blood pressure to perfuse the brain.
B) increasing the heart rate to circulate oxygen-rich blood faster.
C) discharging cerebrospinal fluid to decrease pressure within the skull.
D) decreasing blood pressure to decrease pressure within the skull.
81)
82) You pull up to the scene of a single-car motor vehicle collision. Emergency Medical Responders
(EMRs) are maintaining in-line manual spinal stabilization of the 56-year-old driver who was
unrestrained when she struck a tree at a high rate of speed. As you approach the vehicle, you
note that she appears unresponsive with blood coming from her nose and ears. Which one of the
following instructions to the EMRs is most appropriate?
A) "After I do the primary and secondary assessment, we will need to get her onto the
stretcher for immediate transport."
B) "Let's put a cervical collar on her, and then move her out of the car onto the ground where
we will immobilize her to the long backboard."
C) "Let me conduct the primary assessment, and then we can place a vest-type extrication
device on her to get her to the backboard."
D) "Let me conduct the primary assessment and place a cervical collar on her, and then let's
quickly move her to the long board."
82)
83) A young intoxicated male patient cannot move his left arm and leg after diving into the shallow
end of a pool and hitting the bottom head first. The EMT would recognize which of the
following mechanisms as most likely responsible for this injury?
A) Rotation
B) Distraction
C) Penetration
D) Compression
83)
84) A patient has just been log rolled and positioned onto the long backboard. Which one of the
following care measures should be performed next?
A) Apply a properly sized cervical collar.
B) Secure the patient's head.
C) Release manual in-line stabilization.
D) Secure the patient's chest with straps.
84)
85) Which one of the following shows that the EMTs are correctly using a vest-type short spine
immobilization device?
A) The head is secured to the device immediately after the cervical collar is placed.
B) The head is secured to the device after the torso has been secured.
C) The head is secured first followed by the torso and legs.
D) The cervical collar is applied after the torso has been secured to the device.
85)
14
86) A construction worker has been shot with a nail gun, resulting in a long nail going through his
cheek and firmly embedding into the lower gum and jaw. There is considerable blood in his
mouth and he is in excruciating pain. Given this scenario, which of the following would be your
first priority?
A) Suctioning the airway
B) Applying oxygen
C) Removing the nail
D) Placing a cervical collar
86)
87) A patient with hyphema would exhibit:
A) disfigurement of the eye.
C) blood in the eye chamber.
87)
B) edema of the globe.
D) deformity of the sclera.
88) A worker in a factory complex has a sliver of metal lodged in the colored portion of his eye. The
EMT would recognize the foreign body as lying in the:
A) cornea.
B) sclera.
C) lens.
D) iris.
88)
89) The rapid secondary assessment of a male patient who was ejected from a motorcycle indicates
instability and pain on palpation to the pelvic area. What is the EMT's primary concern related
to this injury?
A) Severe pain
B) Internal blood loss
C) Pelvic or hip fracture
D) Risk for infection
89)
90) A patient with diagnosed osteoporosis is more likely to sustain which of the following injuries?
A) Fracture
B) Strain
C) Nontraumatic dislocation
D) Joint sprain
90)
91) A 57-year-old male patient has fallen 20 feet while setting up holiday lights on his roof. He
impacted the ground feet first and has suffered open fractures to both tibias, with both bones
protruding through the skin. Your assessment reveals him to be responsive to painful stimuli.
His airway is open, his breathing is rapid, and his radial pulse is weak. The skin is cool and
diaphoretic. Vital signs are: pulse 132, respirations 24, and BP 106/90 mmHg. According to
family, he has no medical history. Your partner is providing positive pressure ventilation. At this
point in the patient's care, it is a priority for you to:
A) immobilize the fractures.
B) notify the hospital.
C) look for other injuries.
D) cover the patient with a blanket.
91)
92) A woman strikes her forehead against the dashboard of her car as it strikes a tree. Immediately
following the impact, her brain bounces back and forth within her skull. Based on the anatomy
and physiology of the skull, which of the following is true?
A) Her brain will not be injured unless an object from the dashboard penetrates her skull.
B) The frontal bone is the thinnest portion of the skull and will most likely be fractured.
C) Her brain will most likely not be damaged since the skull's flexibility is designed to
absorb the force of the impact.
D) The ridges of the basilar skull can damage the brain as it shifts back and forth.
92)
15
93) An unrestrained middle-aged female was thrown from her car as it rolled in the median of an
interstate. She is supine, appears unresponsive, has blood on her face, and has snoring
respirations. Your first action on reaching her side should be to:
A) find the source of bleeding and apply direct pressure.
B) insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C) determine the Glasgow Coma Scale score.
D) perform the jaw-thrust maneuver.
93)
94) A motorcyclist wearing a full helmet was thrown from his motorcycle after hitting a patch of oil.
The bike had been traveling at a high rate of speed. Manual in-line spinal stabilization is being
held by an off-duty EMT. The primary assessment reveals the patient to be responsive to painful
stimuli and breathing rapidly. His radial pulse is weak and fast. As you quickly scan his body,
you note deformity to the left femur and lower leg. Your immediate action should be to:
A) place a nonrebreather face mask.
B) expose his left lower extremity.
C) remove his helmet.
D) apply a cervical collar.
94)
95) 911 was dialed by a frantic mother for her 3-year-old daughter who stuck a small, dried bean
into her ear. Assessment shows the bean to be lodged firmly in the ear canal. When treating this
patient, the EMT would:
A) reassure the mother and transport the patient.
B) have the patient follow up with her family physician.
C) make one attempt to remove the bean with tweezers.
D) gently flush the ear canal with sterile water until the bean is dislodged.
95)
96) When using an air splint, the EMT must remember that air splints:
A) can decrease circulation in the extremity.
B) are contraindicated for joint injuries.
C) should never be applied circumferentially.
D) do not fully immobilize a possible fracture.
96)
97) An unhelmeted patient who was thrown from a motorcycle has a large scalp avulsion with
obvious depression to the top of his head. These findings suggest which of the following
injuries?
A) Open head injury
B) Basilar skull fracture
C) Intracranial hematoma
D) Linear skull fracture
97)
98) You and your partner are preparing to extricate a patient from a car using a vest-type short
spine immobilization device. After ensuring that in-line manual spinal stabilization is being
maintained, your next instruction should be:
A) "Let's check his motor, sensory, and pulses in the arms and legs."
B) "Let's get the cervical collar applied before we place the vest."
C) "Let's turn the patient toward the door of the car before applying the vest."
D) "Let's place the vest on the backboard and carefully move him from the car onto it."
98)
16
99) A young boy riding an ATV did not see a chain stretched between two poles and hit it with his
neck while traveling forward. Subsequently, he was thrown backward from the bike with
significant force. He was not wearing a helmet. Emergency Medical Responders are with the
patient and are holding manual in-line spinal immobilization as well as administering oxygen.
When you are assessing this patient, which of the following signs would indicate the injury that
must be addressed and managed first?
A) Laceration to the forehead
B) Difficulty speaking
C) Open fracture to the left arm
D) Partially avulsed ear
100) A patient you transported several days ago stops by your station to thank you. He reports that
he was diagnosed with a strain to the lower right leg. As such, you recognize what structure as
being affected by that injury?
A) Bone
B) Joint
C) Ligament
D) Muscle
17
99)
100)
Answer Key
Testname: EXAM 11B
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
A
C
D
C
A
C
B
D
A
A
B
D
B
A
B
C
B
A
A
D
B
B
A
B
C
C
D
C
C
D
B
D
A
B
A
A
B
D
B
C
A
A
D
C
A
B
A
A
C
18
Answer Key
Testname: EXAM 11B
50)
51)
52)
53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
58)
59)
60)
61)
62)
63)
64)
65)
66)
67)
68)
69)
70)
71)
72)
73)
74)
75)
76)
77)
78)
79)
80)
81)
82)
83)
84)
85)
86)
87)
88)
89)
90)
91)
92)
93)
94)
95)
96)
97)
98)
B
D
A
C
D
D
A
D
B
A
A
D
C
D
D
C
D
B
C
C
C
D
A
C
C
C
A
A
C
B
C
A
D
D
D
B
A
C
D
B
A
C
D
D
C
A
A
A
A
19
Answer Key
Testname: EXAM 11B
99) B
100) D
20