Athletic Injuries Athletic Injuries When injuries happen, it is important to understand what parts of the body are affected There are three different classifications of injuries ◦ Acute: Injuries that result from a sudden traumatic incident ◦ Chronic: Injuries that develop or last over a long period of time ◦ Recurrent: These injuries heal but as a result leave body structures weakened or stretched, making the area susceptible to a recurrence of the injury Athletic Injuries Determining the cause or mechanism of injury can help in figuring out what exactly was damaged ● Factors that need to be considered are: ◦ Position of the athlete’s body position before the collision/injury ◦ Direction of the blow ◦ The type of force ◦ The protective equipment worn Athletic Injuries Mechanisms of injury can include: ◦ Direct Blow: a strong force on a specific body part can cause injuries such as concussions, contusions, internal bleeding, fractures or joint injuries. ◦ Torsion: twisting a body part that is not meant to twist can cause injuries such as sprains, joint injuries or broken bones. ◦ Shearing: friction or rubbing of two surfaces can cause skin and other tissue injuries. Athletic Injuries Life Threatening or Serious Injuries Ensure Safety • Self • Athlete Assess Consciousness • Is athlete alert and oriented? • Does the athlete respond to verbal commands? • Is the athlete unconscious and unresponsive? Assume Neck Injury Activate Emergency Action Plan Primary Survey • If athlete is unconscious • If athlete complains of neck or head pain • Stabilize in position found • Send call person to activate EMS • Enlist help controlling bystanders • Assess Airway • Assess Breathing • Assess Circulation • Assess Deadly Bleeding Athletic Injuries Head Injuries ● Concussion: a temporary malfunction of the brain ● Contusion: bruising and possible swelling of the brain ● Hemorrhage: bleeding around or within the brain ● Fracture: a crack or break in the skull Athletic Injuries Neck & Spine Injuries Video ● Can be caused by: ◦ Blow to the head, neck, or back ◦ Hyperextension or hyperflexion of the neck or back ◦ Compression of the spine ◦ Torsion or twisting of the neck or back Eric Legrand / Recovery Christopher Reeve Athletic Injuries Neck & Spine Injuries ● Signs ◦ Cuts, swelling, or bruising of the head, neck, or back ◦ Point tenderness ◦ Deformity ● Symptoms ◦ Pain ◦ Muscle spasms in the injured area ◦ Loss of movement or weakness in the limbs ◦ Numbness, tingling, or paralysis Athletic Injuries Internal Injuries ● Ruptured Spleen: Located on the left side of the body underneath the ribs. Surgery is required to removed the damaged organ. ● Bruised Kidney: Located on either side of the spine. Occurs from a blow to the midback. ● Testicular Trauma: Occurs from a direct blow to the groin area. Self-examination is required looking for bruising and/or blood. DO NOW: 1. 2. What is a primary survey? When do you assume a neck or spine injury? Athletic Injuries Respiratory & Circulatory Illnesses ● Asthma: Air passages in the lungs constrict. Medication can be taken to help. Video ● Hyperventilation: Athlete is breathing rapidly and deeply. Rest and calming down can help. ● Angina & Heart Attack: Caused from partially or fully blocked arteries. Video ● Stroke: Caused when an artery that leads to the brain is blocked, clots, or ruptures. Video Athletic Injuries Diabetic Coma & Insulin Shock ● Insulin Shock: caused by excessively high blood sugar levels. Diabetic Coma: caused by excessively low blood sugar levels. Video ● Both show similar symptoms, and treated in the same way. Provide sugar in the form of juice, candy bar, or sucker. If no improvement, activate EMS. ● Hyperthermia - The condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. - Heat Cramps (mildest) - Muscle spasms from loss of salt and water - Heat Exhaustion - Profuse sweating, nausea, headache, cramps, etc. - Can turn into heat stroke - Heat Stroke (severe): medical emergency - CALL 911 - Can cause damage to brain, organs - Lack of sweating Hypothermia - The condition of having an abnormally low body temperature - Medical emergency!!! - Organs will start to shut down FROSTNIP - superficial cooling of tissue FROSTBITE - Injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold VIDEO *** Know signs & symptoms of severe hypothermia!! *** Seizures - Seizures of all types are caused by disorganized and sudden electrical activity in the brain - The person's body shakes rapidly and uncontrollably (person's muscles contract and relax repeatedly). - There are many different types of seizures. Some have mild symptoms without shaking. ● First Aid ● Seizure Skateboarding (graphic; only play for 25 sec) ● Absent Seizure Seizures When to CALL 911!! ● This is the first time the person has had a seizure ● A seizure lasts more than 2 to 5 minutes ● The person does not awaken or have normal behavior after a seizure ● Another seizure starts soon after a seizure ends ● The person had a seizure in water ● The person is pregnant, injured, or has diabetes ● The person does not have a medical ID bracelet (instructions explaining what to do) ● There is anything different about this seizure compared to the person's usual seizures Do Now- Write down your answer! You see a person grabbing their chest in pain. They are sweating and uncomfortable. What do you think it is? What do you do? 2. You find a person sitting in a chair. The left side of their face is drooping. They are unable to lift their left arm. What do you think is going on? What do you do? 3. What is the difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion? How would you know the difference? 1. Athletic Injuries Nosebleeds ● ● Have athlete sit with head tilted slightly forward and pinching immediately below the bridge of the nose. Apply ice if bleeding persists for over 5 min Broken Nose Have athlete sit to keep airway clear of blood ● Apply ice to the bridge of the nose ● Refer athlete to a physician ● Athletic Injuries Eye Contusion ● Can lead to a black eye ● Place ice indirectly over the eye (layer of material between) Foreign Body in the Eye ● Avoid rubbing the eye ● Flush the eye with sterile saline solution ● If it can’t be removed, take athlete to the hospital Eye Laceration ● ● ● Do not try to remove impaled objects Cover both eyes so movement does not take place in either eye Consult a physician Athletic Injuries Loose or Chipped Tooth ● Have athlete sit with their head slightly forward so blood can drain from the mouth ● Apply pressure to stop any bleeding ● Refer athlete to a dentist Knocked Out Tooth Replace it in the socket immediately if possible ● If not possible, place tooth in saline solution or water ● Cover the socket or hold the tooth in place with sterile dressing ● Refer athlete to a dentist (Mouthguards (Stock, Formed, Custom)) ● Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You get hit in the face with a softball and your front tooth falls out. What do you do? Your friend's nose starts bleeding a lot! What do you do? When do you call 911 for a seizure? (3) What is a primary survey? Signs and symptoms of SEVERE hypothermia? Athletic Injuries PHASES OF HEALING ● When an injury occurs, there are three general phases of healing and repair in the body that take place ◦ 1. Inflammatory Phase ◦ 2. Repair and Regeneration Phase ◦ 3. Remodeling Phase Athletic Injuries Inflammatory Phase ● It begins immediately following the incident that caused the injury ● It can last for 3-5 days ● The body uses this phase to protect the injured site ● It is characterized by SHARP ◦ S – Swelling ◦ H – Heat ◦ A – Altered Function ◦ R – Redness ◦ P – Pain Athletic Injuries Repair and Regeneration Phase ● The body uses this phase to restore damaged tissue ● It can last from a few days up to several weeks ● It is characterized by: ◦ Elimination of damaged tissue ◦ Regeneration of healthy tissue cells ◦ Generation of scar tissue ● The athlete may begin some light activity or rehabilitation during this phase Athletic Injuries Remodeling Phase ● This phase is often missed by athletes who want to return to play ● Newly formed scar tissue needs time to gain strength The rule of thumb is: For every week an athlete is out of commission, they should undergo a week of rehabilitation before returning to play. Athletic Injuries The Injury Cycle Return to Play 3. Remodeling Injury Tissue Damage Incomplete Healing (e.g. sprain) (e.g. Return to Play too soon) 2. Repair & Regeneration 1. Inflammation R.I.C.E. Loss of Function Athletic Injuries Return to Play ● Criteria for return to play includes: ◦ Written consent from a physician ◦ Complete, uninhibited, pain free range of motion ◦ Pre-injury strength, flexibility, endurance, speed and coordination without aggravating the injury ◦ Athlete confidence both physically and psychologically R.I.C.E. Athletic Injuries R – Rest/Restricted Activity ● This can include stabilizing, splinting, using slings, crutches, or bandages I – Ice ● 15-20 minute intervals with 60 minutes between applications ● Ice should be applied for the first 24-72 hours after the injury takes place R.I.C.E. Athletic Injuries C – Compression ● Apply as quickly as possible after an injury occurs ● Gentle compression can minimize swelling E – Elevation ● Have the injured limb resting above the height of the heart ● This can help reduce extra fluids, and reduce the chance of shock Athletic Injuries Rehabilitation ● The purpose of rehabilitation is to get the body back to the same level of strength and ability it was before the injury ● It should be supervised by a doctor, physiotherapist, athletic therapist, or another qualified medical person. QUIZ NEXT CLASS: THURSDAY - Touch of class Thursday: - Classes start at 9:00 AM - No school Friday & Monday (Easter) - AIM Spare: Thursday, April 27 - Volunteer/Observation Hours??
