State Profile
Uttarakhand, located at the foothills of the Himalayas, is characterized by diverse geographical features
ranging from snow-capped mountain peaks in the North to tropical forests in the South. It has been divided
into two regions- the western region- Garhwal Mandal and the eastern region- Kumaon Mandal. It is
divided into 13 districts which consist of 95 blocks. The table below gives key demographic indicators and
their comparison with pan-India numbersSN
Indicators
Unit
Uttarakhand
India
1
Geographical Area
Lakh Sq. Km
0.53
32.87
2
Population
Crore
1.01
121.02
3
Decadal Growth Rate
Percentage
19.17
17.64
4
Density of Population
Population/Sq. Km.
189
382
5
Urban to Total Population
Percentage
30.49
31.16
6
Sex Ratio
Females/1000 Males
963
940
7
Literacy Rate (LR)
Percentage
79.60
74.04
2. Land Use
Out of a total geographical area of 5.35 million ha in the state, 4.6 million ha (86%) is hilly area and
0.74 million ha (14%) is plain area. Only about 14 percent of the geographical area is cultivable which is
mainly attributed to the topography of the state. Because of its location and diverse climate, the State has
certain unique advantages for development of horticulture, agro processing industries, organic farming,
off season vegetable cultivation and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants which can be gainfully
exploited. Similarly, service sector, particularly tourism offers a large potential for employment generation
in both urban and rural areas. The State is having about 61.1% area under forests. The share of net sown
area is only about 14 % as against the national average of 43.37%. The share of culturable wasteland is
about 7% which provides a huge potential for fodder trees and other plantation crops including fruits.
Agriculture is a predominant sector in the state economy which contributes around 23.4% in State
Domestic Product (GDP).The average size of land holding in the state is 0.95 ha (Marginal-0.39, Small1.38, Medium-3.33 and Large-36.00) as against the National Average of 1.57 ha. The share of small and
marginal holdings is higher in Uttarakhand State as compared to National Average. The agriculture sector
in the state continues to remain heavily depended on rainfall. The net Irrigated area in the State is 3.45
lakh ha. Out of which 85.83% is in plains and 14.17% are is in hills. The irrigation intensity in the State is
159% which varies between 155% in plains to 184% in hilly region.
3. Agro Climatic Zones
The state has different agro-climatic conditions, slopes and height. Details of Physiographic Zones and
farming situations in the state are as under:
S.N
Zone
Farming
situation
Soil
Rainfall
(mm/year)
Districts
Principal
farm
produces and Livestock
1
Zone A
up to
1000 M
Tarai
irrigated
Alluvial
1400
U.S.
Nagar,
Haridwar
Rice, wheat, sugarcane,
lentil, chickpea, rapeseed
mustard, mango, Litchi,
guava, peach and plums.
Livestock: Buffalo and
cattle
Bhabar
Alluvial
mixed
with
boulders
and
shingles
1400
Nainital,
Dehradun and
Pauri Garhwal
Rice, wheat, sugarcane,
rapeseed mustard, potato,
lentil, mango, guava and
litchi. Livestock: Buffalo
and cattle
Alluvial
sandy
soil
2000-2400
Champawat,
Pauri Garhwal,
Dehradun,
Nainital, Tehri
Garhwal
Rice, Wheat, onion,
chilly, peas, potato,
radish,
cauliflower,
pulses, oilseeds, soybean,
mango, guava, plums and
peaches.
Irrigated
Irrigated
lower
hills
(6001000M)
Livestock: Buffalo and
cattle
2.
Zone B
10001500M
Rain-fed
lower
hills
(6001000M)
Residual
sandy
loam
Mid hills
south
aspect
(10001500 M)
Sandy
loam
2000-2400
1200-1300
Champawat,
Nainital, Pauri
Garhwal,
Dehradun,
Tehri Garhwal,
Bageshwar
finger millet, Maize, rice,
wheat, pulses, mango,
guava,
plums
and
peaches.
Champawat,
Nainital,
Almora,
Dehradun,
Tehri Garhwal,
Bageshwar
Rice, finger millet, wheat,
potato, tomato, peas, cole
crops, pulses, peach and
plums.
Livestock: Buffalo, cattle
and goat
Livestock: Cattle, sheep
& goat
3
Zone C
15002400M
High
hills
Red to
dark
1200-2500
Pithoragarh,
Almora,
Chamoli,
Bageshwar
(15002400 M)
Amaranth, finger millet,
French-beans,
Cole
crops,
potato,
peas,
peaches, plums, pear,
apple and stone fruits.
Livestock: Cattle, sheep
and goat
4.
Zone
D>
2400 M
Very
High
hills
Red to
dark
Black
clay
1300
Pithoragarh,
Chamoli
and Uttarkashi
Amaranth, buckwheat,
peas, Cole crops, apple
and potato.
Livestock: Sheep & goat
4. Horticulture
The geographical attributes and climatic conditions of the state are ideal for production of temperate and
subtropical fruit crops. In hilly areas, fruits like apple, pear, peach, plum, khumani and walnut are produced
while mango, litchi, malta, santra, lemon, aonla, guava, and pomegranate are mostly grown in Tarai and
valley areas. Major vegetables grown in the state are potato, cauliflower, tomato, onion, brinjal, pea,
cabbage and okra. The state has a unique advantage of producing off-season vegetables in hilly areas,
which fetches good price in the market. Major spices are ginger, garlic, turmeric and chilly. Details of area,
production and productivity of major Horticulture crops in the state are as under (2015-16):
Crops
Area
(lakhs
ha)
Production
(lakhs MT)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
State
Productivity
(MT/ha)
National
level
Rank in the
Country-in
terms
of
productivity
Rank
in
the
Countryin terms of
production
Fruit
1.753
6.591
3.76
11.70
30th
18th
Vegetable
0.898
9.454
10.52
17.30
23th
19th
Spices
0.126
0.857
6.82
1.80
01st
19th
Flowers
0.013
Loose0.017,
-
-
-
Overall
8th
and
2nd in cut
flowers
(including
Potato)
Cut-1471
lakh no
Total
2.790
16.919
Commodity- wise Details of Area and Production of Fruits, Vegetables, Spices and Flowers)
Fruits
`
Vegetables
SN
Fruits
Area in Production
SN Vegetables
Area in Production
ha
in MT
ha
in MT
1
Mango
35911.50
149727.23
1
Tomato
8550.15
93223.49
2
Citrus
21152.51
88728.72
2
Pea
11822.76
83009.48
3
Pear
13029.11
78778.12
3
Cabbage
6118.12
67568.69
4
Apple
24982.03
61940.80
4
Radish
4995.26
56533.50
5
Peach
7855.77
57933.81
5
Onion
4066.81
41587.06
6
Plum
8837.89
36154.89
6
French
bean
5681.54
39953.57
7
Apricot
7954.21
28197.76
7
Cauliflower
3007.04
38484.61
8
Litchi
10253.18
23742.47
8
Brinjal
2494.29
26355.51
9
walnut
17243.84
19322.83
9
Okra
3278.76
24261.28
10
Guava
3367.25
19084.56
10
Capsicum
2472.30
13770.27
11
Aonla
814.10
2369.07
11
Others
11458.24
102371.17
Others
23928.51
93113.89
Total
63945.27
587118.63
Total
175329.90
659094.15
Potato
25889.76
358244.23
12
1
Spices
S
Fruits
N
Area in
ha
Productio
n in MT
S
N
Flowers
Flowers
Area in
ha
1
Ginger
4875.64
47120.46
1
Gerbera
93.25
Production
Spikes( Loose
in
Flower
Lakh
(in
no)
MT)
899.40
-
2
Turmeric
1407.53
12205.84
2
Carnation
20.46
86.83
-
3
Garlic
1530.45
9768.25
3
Rose
104.70
-
130.18
4
Chilli
2556.43
8607.26
4
Marigold
730.59
-
1499.0
9
5
Fenugree
k
568.57
3245.57
5
Gladuolous
280.77
467.69
-
6
Coriander
1146.65
3191.12
6
Rajnigandh
a
17.00
-
32.52
7
Large
cardamo
m
74.51
99.58
7
Lilium
9.25
16.82
-
8
Others
403.82
1500.85
8
Others
79.34
-
86.52
Total
•
12563.6
85738.93
Total
1335.3
1470.7
1748.3
0
6
4
1
5. Ranking of Uttarakhand in Horticulture in India
Uttarakhand rank first in the country in production of Pear(0.788 lakh MT), Peach (0.579 lakh MT), Plum
(0.362 lakh MT) and Apricot(0.282 lakh MT).
•
Uttarakhand rank second in the country in production of Walnut(0.19 lakh MT) followed by J&K(2.10
lakh MT) .
•
Uttarakhand rank third in the country in production of Apple (0.62 lakh MT) followed by J&K (13.68 lakh
MT) and HP(6.25 lakh MT).
•
Uttarakhand produce 14.70 crore spikes of cut flowers and rank eighth in the country.
•
Productivity of spices is highest ( 6.82 MT/ha) in the country against national average of 1.85 MT/ ha.
•
Uttarakhand rank eighteenth in the country in establishing food processing units.
•
Productivity of spices is highest in Uttarakhand (7.21MT/ha) against national average of 1.8 MT/ha.
•
6. Departmental Infrastructure:
Department have 94 Government nurseries for production of quality planting material and seeds out of
these 24 nurseries developed as State of art gardens.
•
319horticulture mobile teams (Input Centers) for distribution of horticulture inputs and dissemination of
technology of the farmers.
•
50 community fruit preservation cum training centers.
•
03 pasteurized composed production center at Dehradun, Jyolikot and Bhimtal in Nainital for promotion
of Mushroom.
•
02 Horticulture training center at Chaubatia and Srinagar working at present and 2 new are being setup at
Kashipur (USN) and Jarmola(Uttarkashi).
•
Honey production center at Jyolikot, Nainital.
•
Uttarakhand Horticulture Marketing Board.
•
State Horticulture& Forestry University at Bharsar(Pauri) and Agriculture & Technology University at
Pantnagar.
•
13 KVK for dissemination of technology and extension activities.
7. Agriculture Marketing Infrastructure in the State
Uttarakhand Krishi Utpadan Mandi Parishad (UKUMP) is the nodal agency responsible for agricultural
marketing in the state. UKUMP has created state-wide network for marketing of agricultural produce with
25 Principal Market Yards, 31 Sub Market Yards and 27 Weekly Markets. To ensure marketing of
horticulture produce, 18 separate marketing yards have been established in the state .Under RKVY, 3
Farmer Consumer Markets have been setup in Dehradun viz Majri Grant in Doiwala Block, Danda
Lakhond and Nanurkhera in Raipur Block. Government of Uttarakhand has established a separate
Uttarakhand Horticulture Marketing Board to assist farmers of the state in Marketing of horticulture
produce.
Status of APMC Act: The state government has amended the APMC Act, in line with Model Act
2003. The amended Act facilitates setting up of private markets, farmer consumer markets, reduced fee
on perishable horticulture produce, contract farming, e NAM for e-trading etc.
8. Cold storages: Total 17 cold storages and 3 CA storages with capacity of 59900 MT have been set up
in the state.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
9. Policy / Administrative Measures in Horticulture Sector:
Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry(UUHF) was established in 2011 at Bharsar,
District Pauri. Uttarakhand is the 3rd State to set up separate University for Horticulture and Forestry.
Other States are Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. Now Karnataka has also set up 4th University for
horticulture and Forestry.
Single window system has been created to expedite sanction / clearance of projects under MSME.
Under Ease of Doing Business, Uttarakhand rank 9th in the country.
A separate Horticulture Marketing Board has been setup to promote marketing of horticulture produce
and to ensure better price of produce to farmers .
To promote protected cultivation especially among small and marginal farmers and hilly
areas, Mukhyamantri Sanrakshit Kheti Yojana has been launched during 2011-12with provision of
30% additional subsidy from State budget up to 500 sqm Green Houses per beneficiary.
Weather Based Crop Insurance cover has been provided to farmers for apple, litchi, mango, malta,
peach, tomato, potato, pea, chilli and ginger.
Fruit Wine Policy incorporating a number of fiscal incentives has been promulgated to promote fruit
based wineries.
Vision Document for Food Processing Sector for next 10 years has been prepared.
10. Status of Food Processing Industry in Uttarakhand
ü Four Agri Export Zones (AEZs) have already been declared under the AEZ scheme of Government of
India for litchi, floriculture, herbs & medicinal plants and basmati rice.
ü Two Mega Food Park (Patanjali Food & Herbal Park Ltd, Haridwar and Himalaya Food park, Kashipur)
have been set up under Mega Food Parks Scheme of Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
ü Leading players in food processing industry like Nestle, Britannia, Dabur, ITC, Flex Food, Indian
Glycol, Apis India have setup their processing facilities in the state with cumulative investments of over
Rs. 1000 crore. In addition, there are a number of small and medium sized food processing units in the
state.
ü The status of Food Processing Industry in the State is as under:-
•
Total established units: 512
•
Horticulture based units 403
•
Non horticulture based units 109
11. Policy Framework Governing the Industrial Sector
11.1The MSME Policy, 2015 Uttarakhand
State Government has formulated MSME Policy 2015, to provide incentives for setting up of industries
including food processing industries which has subsumed the Special Integrated Industrial Promotion
Policy 2008 for Hilly & Remote Areas of Uttarakhand.
The salient features of the fiscal incentives and concessions provided under the Scheme area) Land development promotional scheme
ü Allotment of land for setting up of industrial units on priority basis with availability of general facilities
like electricity, road, water supply, connecting roads etc.
ü Full concession on stamp duty for purchase / lease of land from industrial areas developed by State
Govt. / private sector
ü The process of land use change to be simplified
b) Special State Capital Production Incentive: Industries making investment in certain areas of the
state shall be provided capital incentives depending on the areas- at the rate of 25 percent of the total
investment subject to a maximum of Rs. 40 lakh in certain areas and at the rate of 20 percent of the total
investment subject to a maximum of Rs. 25 lakh in other areas
c) Interest subsidy: Industries (in specified geographies) seeking loan through Banks/Financial
Institutions shall be given incentives of loans at concessional rates- of simple interest up to @ 6 percent
per annum on term loan, with a ceiling of Rs. 5 lakh per unit per annum to units in some areas and @ 5
percent subject to ceiling of Rs 3 lakh per unit per annum in other designated areas.
d) Power Concession to new Industrial Units: All new industrial units (in designated areas) engaged
in manufacturing and production of goods including the industrial enterprises engaged in the activities in
service sector shall be entitled for 100 percent rebate or exemption on electric bills for a period of ten
years. This is not applicable to hotels, resorts, furnaces etc. The industries based on fruit preservation,
herbal and medicinal plants and domestic produce shall be given due preference and priorities in this
scheme.
e) Grant towards transport subsidy in hilly areas: In order to promote industrial units based on raw
material produced in hilly areas, the transport subsidy @ 5 percent of annual turnover (maximum of Rs 5
lakh) will be provided by the State Government to compensate the higher cost of transportation for units
in designated areas and 3 percent of annual turnover (maximum of Rs 3 lakh) for units in other designated
areas.
f)
State Government will provide grant-in-aid to set up the industrial unit @ 75 percent of expenditure
with a ceiling of Rs. 2.00 lakhs per project towards payment of ISO certification, ISI mark, quality
marking, BIS & FPO license, trade mark & copyright registration by the national and internationally
approved agencies / institutions.
11.2 Mega Industrial and Investment Policy, 2015:
Government of Uttarakhand has promulgated Mega Industrial and Investment Policy 2015 to promote
large scale units above Rs. 75.00 crore investments.
11.3 Sector Specific State Bodies/Agencies
State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) plays a
key role in industrial development of the state- both in terms of policy formulation and infrastructure
development. Industries Association of Uttarakhand (IAU) is an apex body of small and medium scale
industries of Uttarakhand and assists in the development of small and medium scale enterprises in the state.
For promotion and growth of food processing industries in the state, Department of Horticulture & Food
Processing is the nodal agency. Beside scheme of MSME,food processing industries are setup under
HMNEH and state food processing mission.
12.Technology Interventions:Department of Horticulture & Food Processing, Uttarakhand has been adopting various technologies in
different schemes for enhancement of production and productivity and quality of fruit, vegetable, spices
and flowers by adopting cluster approach, which include setting up of nurseries, tissue culture labs and
distributions of planting material, vegetable seed production, area expansion, rejuvenation of old and senile
orchards, creation of community and individual water sources, protected cultivation, INM/IPM, organic
farming, pollination support through bee keeping, promotion of mushroom cultivation, mechanization,
training of farmers and officials, awareness campaign, post harvest management and marketing and food
processing. PHM components includes on farm handling units, cold storages, CA storages, pre-cooling
units, ripening chambers, primary processing / value addition units, refrigerated vans, under marketing
component rural markets, whole sale & terminal markets, functional infrastructure for collection, sorting,
grading packing, establishment of horticulture produce based new processing units, modernization and
up-gradation of existing units are taken up.
•
13. New Initiatives taken by State
State Government has launched several new schemes viz. Apple Mission for cultivation of Ultra High
Density Apple, Walnut Mission, Small Nurseries, production of off season vegetables, Vermi compost
units etc.
•
To reduce post harvest losses projects for Rs. 16.5 crore submitted to NABARD under RIDF.
•
New project for Rs. 700.00 crore has been submitted to Government of India for World Bank Assistance.
•
Centre of Excellence on temperate fruits for Rs. 5.00 core is being setup under HMNEH by UUHF,
Bharsar.
•
Two Centre of Excellence on Walnut being set up at Chaubatia, Ranikhet and Magra ,Tehri Garhwal.
•
Farmers are being provided free service regarding crop specific agro-techniques including disease/pest,
market and weather information daily through SMS on mobile by Reuters Market Light Company.
•
14. Way Forward
Doubling income of farmers by 2022.
•
Convergence with HMNEH, RKVY, MNERGA, PMKSY (Watershed development programmes, minor
irrigation for creation of water sources, per drop more crop and other intervention components) .
•
Enhancing productivity by rejuvenating senile orchards.
•
Organizing Farmers FIG’s at Village Level, Federations (Farmer Producer Organization/CompanyFPO/FPC) at Cluster/District Level and FPOs will ensure procurement of inputs from self producing
agencies like planting material, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, machines & tools, packaging material
etc),arrangement for marketing, setting up of small and medium processing units etc.
•
Promoting organic farming.
•
Promoting Horticulture Mechanization to reduce drudgery.
•
Safety-Net to Farmers
a) Market Intervention Scheme
b) Weather based Crop Insurance scheme
•
Promoting Contract/Corporate Farming –by involving Retail houses.
•
Establishment of Farmer-Consumer Markets/Apni Mandi in Urban locations.
•
Primary Processing of Commodities (pack house, collection, sorting, grading, pre-cooling etc) at Farm
Gate Level.
•
Development of PHM infrastructure-, integrated pack house, cold rooms/cold storages, CA storage for
temperate fruits, ref vans, ripening chambers etc to reduce post harvest losses.
•
Setting up of Pulp units for Mango, Litchi and Tomato and juice plants for Apple and IQF units for fruits
vegetables.
•
Branding of different produce of Uttarakhand.