HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL Welcome! The unit of competency, “Posting Transactions” is one of the competencies of BOOKKEEPING NC III, a unit “covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes in posting transactions manually for all types of business organizations and business activities”. The module, Posting Transactions, contains training materials and activities related to preparing ledger, transferring journal entries, and summarizing ledger. In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheets and Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your trainer. Remember to: Read Information Sheets and complete the Self Checks. Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided in this module. Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that your output conforms to the Performance Criteria Checklist that follows the sheets. Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your trainer for evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs shall serve as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation. When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 1 of 28 You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation. You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on Preparing Trial Balance. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 2 of 28 BOOKKEEPING NC III COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS List of Competencies No. UNIT OF COMPETENCY 1 Journalize Transactions 2 Post Transactions 3 Prepare Trial Balance 4 Prepare Financial Reports 5 Review Internal Control System CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions MODULE TITLE CODE Journalizing HCS412301 Transactions Posting Transactions HCS412302 Preparing Trial Balance Preparing Financial Reports Reviewing Internal Control System Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali HCS412303 HCS412304 HCS412305 Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 3 of 28 MODULE CONTENT Qualification Title : Bookkeeping NC III Unit of Competency : Post Transactions Module Title : Posting Transactions Introduction This unit covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes in posting transactions manually. This module includes preparing the ledger, transferring journal entries, and summarizing ledger. Learning Outcomes: Upon the completion of this module, you must be able to: 1. Prepare ledger 2. Transfer journal entries 3. Summarize ledger Assessment Criteria: 1. Ledger for the list of asset, liability, and equity account titles are prepared in accordance with the Chart of Accounts. 2. Ledger for the list of income and expense account titles are prepared in accordance with the Chart of Accounts. 3. Journal entries are transferred in chronological order. 4. Postings are done with 100% accuracy. 5. Debits & Credits for each ledger account are added correctly. 6. Balances are extracted with 100% accuracy. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 4 of 28 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY LEARNING OUTCOME #2 TRANSFER JOURNAL ENTRIES CONTENT: Procedures in Transferring Journal Entries to the Ledger ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: 1. Journal entries are transferred in chronological order. 2. Postings are done with 100% accuracy. CONDITION: The students/ trainees must be provided with the following: Competency Based Learning Materials Ledger Calculator Pencil Eraser PC/ Laptop LCD Projector Video Clips of Transferring Journal Entries ASSESSMENT METHODS: Written test Demonstration with Oral Questioning Interview/ Oral Questioning CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 5 of 28 Learning Outcome 2 Post Transactions LEARNING GUIDE Learning Steps Resources 1. Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 Procedures in transferring Journal Entries 2. Answer Self-Check 2.2-1 Information Sheet 2.2-1 Self-Check 2.2-1 3. Check answers with Answer Key 2.2-1 Answer Key 2.2-1 PC/ Laptop LCD Projector 4. Listen and watch the lecturedemonstration on the actual procedures in transferring journal entries. Powerpoint presentation Video Clips - Transferring Journal Entries Speaker White board and Marker Ledger 5. Perform Task Sheet 2.2-1 Transfer Pencil Journal Entries Eraser Calculator 6. Evaluate using Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-1 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-1 After performing the activities of LO2, you may proceed to LO3. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 6 of 28 Information Sheet 2.2-1 Transferring Journal Entries Learning Objectives: After reading this Information Sheet you should be able to: 1. identify the procedures in transferring journal entries; and 2. explain each step to perform in transferring journal entries according to accounting principle. Introduction: In the previous lesson, you learned how to open accounts in the general ledger. In this lesson you will learn how to transfer general journal entries to the ledger. Recall that posting is the process of transferring information from the general journal to individual general ledger accounts. To provide current information to management, the accountant for the Jeep dealer in your area probably posts journal entries to the general ledger every day. The general journal is a sort of business diary containing all of the transactions of a business. It is not easy to see the effect of changes in an account by looking at journal entries. To provide a clear picture of how a business transaction changes an account’s balance, the information in a journal entry is transferred to the general ledger. This is one of the activities in posting transactions. The purpose of posting is to show the impact of business transactions on the individual accounts. The ledger is sometimes called the book of final entry. The size of the business, the number of transactions, and whether the accounting system is manual or computerized all affect how often posting occurs. Ideally, businesses post daily to keep their accounts up-to-date. Regardless of how often posting is performed, the process remains the same. As in journalizing a transaction, posting to a ledger account is completed from left to right. Let’s look at a journal entry for Roadrunner that is ready to be posted to the ledger. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 7 of 28 Transferring Journal Entries Roadrunner’s first transaction affects two accounts: Cash in Bank and Maria Sanchez, Capital. The information in the journal entry is transferred item by item from the journal to each of the accounts affected. As you read about each step in the posting process, refer to figure below. Locate the account to be debited in the ledger; in this example, Cash in Bank is to be debited. 1. Enter the date of the journal entry in the Date column of the account debited. Use the date of the journal entry, not the date on which the posting is done. Write the year and month in the left side of the Date CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 8 of 28 column. It is not necessary to write the year and month for other postings to the same account on the same page unless the month or year changes. The day, however, is always entered. 2. The Description column on the ledger account is usually left blank. Some businesses use this space to write in the source document number. 3. In the ledger account Posting Reference (Post. Ref.) column, identify where the journal entry is recorded. Enter a letter for the specific journal and the journal page number. In this example the letter “G” represents the general journal and the “1” indicates page 1 of the general journal. 4. Enter the debit amount in the Debit column of the ledger account. 5. Compute and record the new account balance in the appropriate balance column. Every amount posted will either increase or decrease the balance of that account. 6. Return to the journal and, in the Posting Reference column, enter the account number of the ledger account to which you just posted the debit part of the journal entry. Be sure it is entered on the same line as the debit entry. In this example enter 101 in the Posting Reference column on the line for Cash in Bank. This step in the posting process is very important. The notation in the Posting Reference column of the journal indicates that the journal entry has been posted. The posting reference also shows the account to which the entry was posted. If the posting process is interrupted, perhaps by a telephone call, the posting reference signals the point at which posting stopped. Never write an account number in the Posting Reference column until after you have posted. 7. Repeat steps 1–6 for the credit part of the journal entry. a. Locate the account to be credited. In this example Maria Sanchez, Capital, is to be credited. b. Enter the date. c. Enter the posting reference on the ledger account form. In this example, G1 represents the first page of the general journal. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 9 of 28 d. Enter the credit amount. e. Compute the new account balance. f. Enter the account number in the Posting Reference column of the general journal. In the example enter 301 to show that the credit was posted to Maria Sanchez, Capital. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 10 of 28 Self-Check 2.2-1 A. Enumerate the 6 steps in transferring journal entries. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. B. Directions: David Serlo made the following cash investment in his business. Use the six-step process to transfer the entry to the ledger accounts in your working papers. GENERAL JOURNAL DATE 1 2 3 4 20-May DESCRIPTION POST. REF. PAGE DEBIT 1 CREDIT 1 1 Cash in Bank David Serlo, Capital Memorandum 101 CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions 101 301 Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali 10 0 0 0 00 2 10 0 0 0 00 3 4 Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 11 of 28 Answer Key 2.2-1 A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Locate the account to be debited/credited. Enter the date. Enter the posting reference on the ledger account form. Enter the debit/credit amount. Compute the new account balance. Enter the account number in the Posting Reference column of the general journal. B. AACCOUNT Cash in Bank DATE 20-May. DESCRIPTION 1 ACCOUNT NO. 101 POST. REF. BALANCE DEBIT G1 CREDIT 10 0 0 0 00 AACCOUNT David Serlo, Capital DATE 20-May. DESCRIPTION 1 Posting Transactions CREDIT 10 0 0 0 00 ACCOUNT NO. 301 POST. REF. BALANCE DEBIT G1 CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III DEBIT Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali CREDIT 10 0 0 0 00 DEBIT CREDIT 10 0 0 0 00 Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 12 of 28 Task Sheet 2.2-1 Title: Transfer Journal Entries Performance Objective/s: Given the recorded transactions in a journal, you should be able to transfer entries to ledger for 2 hours, following the accounting principles with 100% accuracy. Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment: General Ledger, Pencil, Eraser, Calculator Steps/Procedures: 1. Following the 6 steps of posting transactions, transfer the following journal entries to general ledger. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 13 of 28 On December 1, 2015, Luisito Banig opens a law office. The chart of acconts is as follows and the journal entries for the month of December are given on the succeeding pages: Chart of Accounts 100 Assets 101 Cash 102 Accounts Receivable 103 Equipment 104 Furniture & Fixture 105 Supplies 400 Revenue 401 Legal Fees Income 500 Expense 501 Salaries and Wages 502 Rent Expense 503 Advertising Expense 504 Utilities Expense 505 Taxes and Licenses 200 Liabilities 201 Accounts Payable 202 Loans Payable 300 Owner’s Equity 301 L. Banig, Capital 302 L. Banig, Drawing 2. The sequence of accounts in this chart of accounts should be observed in opening ledger accounts. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 14 of 28 PAGE 1 GENERAL JOURNAL DATE 1 2 POST. REF. DESCRIPTION 2015 Jan 1 3 4 DEBIT CREDIT 1 Cash L. Banig, Capital Initial Investment 1 0000 0 Taxes and Licenses Cash Payment of Mayor’s Permit 10000 Cash Office Equipment L. Banig, Capital Additional Investment 10000 2 100000 4 5 6 5 2 7 8 6 10000 11 12 13 9 4 10 8 0000 11 90000 16 17 14 10 Furniture and Fixture Accounts Payable Office desks and chairs bought 80000 0 15 80000 20 21 18 Cash Legal Fees Income Billings for legal services 75 000 0 19 75000 24 25 22 13 Furniture & Fixture Cash Desks and tables purchased 5000 23 5000 28 29 26 16 Cash F. Banig, Capital Additional investment 10000 27 10000 32 33 30 20 Advertising Expense Cash Payment for signboard 9000 0 31 9000 36 37 34 22 Cash Legal Fees Collection on January 15 billings 50000 28 Cash Loan Payable Loan obtained from BPI 50000 35 50000 40 41 36 37 38 39 32 33 34 35 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 7 8 9 10 3 38 39 50000 40 41 42 42 43 43 CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 15 of 28 3. Evaluate your own output using the Performance Criteria Checklist. 4. Present your work to your trainer. Assessment Methods: Demonstration Questioning of skills using CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Performance Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Criteria Checklist; Oral Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 16 of 28 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-1 CRITERIA YES NO Journal Entries are transferred in chronological order. Postings are done with 100% accuracy. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 17 of 28 Job Sheet 2.3-1 Title: Post Transactions Performance Objective/s: Given the recorded transactions in a journal, you should be able to prepare the ledger, transfer entries, and summarize ledger for 3 hours according to accounting principles with 100% accuracy. Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment: General Ledger, Pencil, Ruler, Calculator Steps/Procedures: 1. Open ledger accounts. (1) Write the account name at the top of the ledger account form; (2) write the account number on the ledger account form. 2. Enter the complete date (year, month, and day). Write the word Balance in the Description column. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 18 of 28 3. Place a check mark (✓) in the Posting Reference column to show the amount entered on this line is not being posted from a journal. 4. Enter the balance in the appropriate Balance column. Usually asset, expense, and owner’s withdrawals accounts have debit balances. Liability, owner’s capital, and revenue accounts have credit balances. 5. Following the 6 steps of posting transactions, transfer the following journal entries to general ledger. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 19 of 28 On December 1, 2015, Felizardo Lissandro opens AB Secretarial School. The chart of acconts is as follows and the journal entries for the month of December are given on the succeeding pages: Chart of Accounts 100 Assets 101 Cash 102 Accounts Receivable 103 Equipment 104 Furniture & Fixture 400 Revenue 401 Tuition Fees Income 500 Expense 501 Salaries and Wages 502 Rent Expense 503 Advertising Expense 504 Utilities Expense 505 Taxes and Licenses 200 Liabilities 201 Accounts Payable 202 Loans Payable 300 Owner’s Equity 301 F. Lissandro, Capital 302 F. Lissandro, Drawing 6. The sequence of accounts in this chart of accounts should be observed in opening ledger accounts. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 20 of 28 PAGE 1 GENERAL JOURNAL DATE 1 2 POST. REF. DESCRIPTION 2015 Dec 1 3 4 DEBIT CREDIT 1 Cash F. Lissandro, Capital Initial Investment 8 0 0000 2 800000 4 5 6 5 2 7 8 Taxes and Licenses Cash Payment of Mayor’s Permit 20000 6 20000 11 12 13 14 9 4 Equipment Cash Accounts Payable Computers bought for cash on account 100000 10 Advertising Expense Cash Payment for newspaper ads 10000 0 Cash Tuition Fees Income Tuition Fess Collected 5 0000 11 Furniture & Fixture Cash Desks and tables purchase 70000 12 Cash F. Lissandro, Capital Additional investment 50000 10 25000 11 75000 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15 16 10000 21 22 19 20 50000 25 26 23 24 70000 29 30 27 28 50000 33 34 31 13 Advertising Expense Cash Payment for signboard 9000 0 15 Salaries and Wages Cash Payroll, December 1-15 50000 32 9000 37 38 35 36 50000 41 42 37 38 39 40 33 34 35 36 29 30 31 32 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 7 8 9 10 3 39 Cash Loan Payable Loan obtained from PNB 100000 40 100000 41 42 43 43 CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 21 of 28 PAGE 1 GENERAL JOURNAL DATE 1 2 3 4 POST. REF. DESCRIPTION 2015 Dec 16 Accounts Payable (AB Co.) Cash Partial Payment of Account DEBIT CREDIT 1 5 0000 2 50000 4 5 6 7 8 5 F. Lissandro, Drawing Cash Withdrawal by the Sole Proprietor 40000 6 40000 11 12 9 18 Cash Tuition Fees Income Collection from students 25000 20 Furniture & Fixture Cash Additional desks purchased 15600 0 22 Rent Expense Cash Payment of December Rental 5 0000 26 Utilities Expense Cash MERALCO bill, December 1-22 50000 28 Salaries and Wages Cash Payroll, December 16-31 50000 Cash Tuition Fee Income Collection from students 9000 0 10 25000 15 16 13 14 15600 19 20 17 18 50000 23 24 21 22 50000 27 28 25 26 50000 31 32 29 30 9000 35 36 33 29 Accounts Receivable Tuition Fee Income Billings made for tuition fees 50000 34 50000 39 40 35 36 37 38 31 32 33 34 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 19 20 21 22 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 3 37 100000 Cash Tuition fees Income Collections 38 100000 39 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 22 of 28 7. Compute account balances. A rule of thumb for finding a new balance is that debits are added to deb- its, credits are added to credits, but debits and credits are subtracted. 8. Evaluate your own output using the Performance criteria Checklist. 9. Present your work to your trainer. Assessment Methods: Demonstration of Skills using Performance Criteria Checklist; Oral Questioning CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 23 of 28 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.3-1 CRITERIA YES NO 1. Ledger for the list of asset, liability, and equity account titles are prepared in accordance with the Chart of Accounts. 2. Ledger for the list of income and expense account titles are prepared in accordance with the Chart of Accounts. 3. Journal entries are transferred in chronological order. 4. Postings are done with 100% accuracy. 5. Debits & Credits for each ledger account are added correctly. 6. Balances are extracted with 100% accuracy. CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 24 of 28 OPERATION SHEET 2.3-1 Title: Perform Basic Calculations Using a Calculator Performance Objective/s: Given a scientific calculator, you should be able to perform basic calculations. Supplies/ Materials/ Equipment : Paper, Pencil, Casio Scientific Calculator Steps/Procedures: 1. Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below. affix 2. Press ON to turn on the calculator. 3. Perform the following: A. Use the +, -, x, and ÷ keys to perform arithmetic calculations. Compute the following: 423 + 225 = 346 -212 = 231 x 18 = 250÷ 50 = B. Percent Calculations Compute the following: 150 x 10% = CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 25 of 28 250 x 25% = 2390 x 35% = Compute the following: - What percentage of 500 is 50? - What percentage of 1000 is 100? 4. Write all your answers on your paper. You will present this to your trainer. 5. Check your performance using the Performance Criteria Checklist. 6. Present your work to your trainer. Assessment Methods: Demonstration of Skills using Performance Criteria Checklist, Oral Questioning CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 26 of 28 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.3-1 CRITERIA YES NO Did you remove the cover of the calculator? Were you able to turn on the calculator easily? Were you able to press the right number keys? Were you able to use the basic operations to perform arithmetic calculations? Were you able to calculate percentage? Were you able to compute the answers accurately? CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 27 of 28 References: Books Mejorada, N., Bookkeeping, JMC Press, Inc., 2000 Wild, J., Fundamental Accounting Principles, McGRAW-HiILL Philippines, 2008 Websites: www.accountingexplained.com www.myaccountingcourse.com www.accountingcoach.com CBLMs on Bookkeeping NC III Posting Transactions Date Developed: March 2016 COMPILED BY: Mr. Aaron Jed Y. Tumbali Document No. Issued by: AETI Revision No. Page 28 of 28