PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER
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All matter is made up of mostly three types of particles namely; solids. liquids and gases
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EXPLAINING THE CHANGES IN STATE BASED ON KINETIC THEORY
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Between A -B:The temperature of
the
solid
increases.
This
is
because
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increasing the heat energy increases the
vibration of the particles in the solid.
•
attraction
B-C:The
force
of
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Between
between
the
particles
is
weakened so the particles are able to
slide
past
over
each
other.
The
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temperature does not increase as all the
particles
instead
so
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heat supplied goes into overcoming the forces between the
of raising the temperature. The substance melts.
•
Between C-D. As time progresses the average kinetic energy of the
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liquid particles increases. Hence the temperature increases.
Between D-E: The force of attraction between the particles is further
weakened, so much so that the particles move well away from each other. The
temperature is constant because the energy supplied goes into overcoming the
substance boils.
Between E and F:The average kinetic energy of the particles increases
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forces between the particles instead of raising the temperature. The
and hence the speed of the particles also increases. Hence the temperature
increases. The gas particles are now further away from each other.
Note: In the region BC, The equation of the equilibrium is:
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Liquid
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Solid
The graph proves that a pure substance was used as the substance has
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X(l)
a sharp melting point (at BC) and a sharp boiling point (at DE.)
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•
The temperatures 150C and 800C are important as they represent the
melting and the boiling points.
•
If an impure sample would have been used, the line BC would have been
lower and the line DE would have been higher.
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C TO D
E TO F
Separation between Close and touching
Far apart
particles
Movement
of Random and slow
Fast and random
particles
Can the particles Cannot move apart
Can move apart
move apart to fill
the volume
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APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS WITH MARKING SCHEME-NEW ADDITIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
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ANSWER:D
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ANSWER:C
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MARKING SCHEME:B
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MARKING SCHEME:B
MARKING SCHEME: A
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EXTENDED THEORY QUESTIONS-NEW ADDITIONS
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MARKING SCHEME:
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MARKING SCHEME:
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MARKING SCHEME:
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