Health & Safety Training & Consultancy Risk management support services
Manual Handling Training
Your Name
Manual Handling
Instructor
1
Manual Handling Training
It must cover • How to recognise risky manual handling
• How to recognise potentially dangerous
manual handling
• The correct way of dealing with the problem
• The use of mechanical aids
• Good handling techniques
3
Did You Know ?`
over 80%
Of people
In the western world
are affected with back pain
4
Kinds of Accident Causing Injuries
Other
12.6%
Machinery
4.5%
Handling
36.5%
Falls
6.9%
Handling
Struck by
Trips
Falls
Other
Machinery
Trips
19.1%
Struck by
20.4%
5
Cumulative Manual Handling
Injuries
Back Pain
Neck
Shoulders
Knees
Feet
Wrist/Elbows
Hernia
Overall Fatigue
Many Others
6
Manual Handling Facts
•Low back pain occurs with the same frequency in
people with sedentary occupations as those in
heavy labour
•Musculo-skeletal disorders arising from work
situations have an estimated annual cost in the
region of 1.9 million lost work days each year
costing small businesses €268 million(approx)
•Smokers are more likely to suffer back pain than
non-smokers
•15% of Irish people are in chronic pain…
Manual Handling Facts
• Being overweight increases the likelihood
of back pain
• Age doesn’t necessarily make any
difference, bad backs affect people of all
ages
• Poor handling techniques when you are
young will contribute to problems in later
life
• Those who have suffered from a back
injury are three times more likely to
suffer injury again
Back Pain Statistics
Since 2000, manual handling has been the primary
cause of all reportable workplace incidents to the
Health & Safety Authority
Four out of five adults will experience back pain
at some stage
50% of people off work with back pain have a
recurrence within one year
5% of back pain leads to prolonged disability
Equally common among males & females
Reasons for Manual Handling
Training
•Reduce lost working days
through injury
•The Law
•Looking after one of the most
important parts of the body
•Companies Ethical & Moral
responsibilities
The Law & Manual Handling
Whereas previous legislation set limits
on the weight of loads that can be
lifted, 2007 regulations require a
number of relevant factors to be
taken into consideration:
RISK ASSESSMENT !!!!!
It is a requirement of the Health & Safety
Regulations that training courses have the
following content:
•
•
•
•
Legislation
Anatomy
Techniques
Practicals
13
The Law
Safety, Health and Welfare
at Work Act 2005
and
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work
(General Application 2007) Regs.
14
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Employers Responsibilities
A duty to manage Health & Safety
Provide a safe place of work
Safe plant and Equipment
Safe system of work
Safe competent staff
Safe access and egress
Information, Instruction and Training
Emergency Planning
Prevent risks to employees health from exposure to
physical agents
16
Employees Responsibilities
• To take reasonable care for the health and safety of
self and others
• To comply with :– The employer’s health and safety rules
– Health and safety law
• Not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with
anything provided in the interest of health and
safety
17
Duties of The Employees
• Ensure that he/she is not under the influence of
an intoxicant
• If reasonably required by an employer to submit
to testing
• Report known defects in plant and /or equipment
• Attend training
• Not to engage in improper conduct / behaviour
likely to endanger themselves or others
18
Manual Handling - Definition
• Any transporting or supporting of a load by one or
more employees and which may include;
–
–
–
–
–
LIFTING
PUTTING DOWN
PUSHING
PULLING
CARRYING OR MOVING A LOAD
Which, by reason of its characteristics or of unfavourable ergonomics
conditions involves risk particularly of Back Injury , to employees
Regulation 68
19
What Is Manual Handling?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Such as hauling on a rope
Moving a trolley
Pulling a lever
Applying a force to manipulate a load
supported on a pallet
Spade / Fork in the garden
Stacking a shelve
or similar activity or item
Picking something from the ground….
20
Manual Handling Regulations 2007
Does not Specify maximum weights
Highlights the need to avoid manual handling
By taking appropriate organisational measures
or by the use of mechanical equipment
21
(General Application) Regs.2007
• Regulation 69
– AVOID MANUAL HANDLING IF POSSIBLE
– ID HAZARDS AND ASSESS THE RISKS
• 3rd schedule
– ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT
– PROVIDE INFORMATION
22
(General Application) Regs.2007
• Regulation 69
– PROVIDE ADEQUATE TRAINING
– TAKE ACCOUNT OF INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS
• 3rd Schedule
– SENSITIVE RISK GROUPS PROTECTED
– FOLLOW UP
23
Individual Risk Factors

3rd schedule
THE EMPLOYEE MAY BE AT RISK IF HE
OR SHE IS:
WEARING UNSUITABLE CLOTHING
 WEARING UNSUITABLE FOOTWEAR
NOT ADEQUATELY TRAINED
NOT PHYSICALLY TRAINED
GIVE EMPLOYEES INFORMATION ON
WEIGHTS AND LOAD CENTRE
27
Relevant Factors
Task:
What is it about the way that we organise the task which might
affect our health and safety?
Individual Capabilities:
What is it about the people who are doing the job that might
affect their health and safety?
Load:
What is it about the load which might affect our health and
safety?
Environment:
What is it about the place which might affect our health and
safety?
28
Benefits Of Well Applied Ergonomic
Principles
• Less days lost through illness / injury
• Safer workplace
• More efficient workplace
33
Lifting and Lowering Limits
Guidance for tasks performed less than 30 per hour
34
Musculo - Skeletal System
MAIN POINTS
• Structure
• The lumbar spine
• Muscles / Soft Tissue Repair
• Bony Injuries
• M.S.D.’s
36
ANATOMY
Musculo Skeletal System
•WHY ??
Matching the task to the person
nAnatomy
nMuscularnSkeletalnJoints
nI.V.
Power / Soft Tissue
Structure / Hard Tissue
– Hinge / Fluid – Flexibility
Discs – Cushion / mobility / Nerve access
Definitions
Ligament
Cartilage
A fibrous structure which joins
bone to bone
A protective tough fibrous tissue
covering the body of the
vertebrae
Joint
Tendon
The joining together of two or
more bones for movement
purposes. The bone ends are
covered with cartilage
Joins muscle to bone
Muscle
Produces Movement
39
Hard Tissue injuries…
nFractures
nOsteoarthritis
(Inflammatory)
Soft Tissue Injuries….
• Upper limb disorder
• Lower limb injuries
• Abdominal injuries
• Lower back injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries…..
Upper limb
nTendonitus
nTenosynovitis
nRotar
nUpper
cuff
Cross Syndrome
nEpicondylitis
nCarpal
Tunnel Syndrome
Soft Tissue Injuries…..
Lumber disorders
Sciatica
Nerve Irritation
Lumber radiculopathy
Spondytis
Soft Tissue – IV disc
Soft Tissue Injuries…..
Abdominal / lower limb
Hernia / Tears & strains
Menscsal tears
Heal spurs / Planter Fasciitis / Dropped Arch
nAC
n
/ Collateral ligament
Hernia / tear / strain
Soft Tissue Injury
• Muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules.
• Can be strained or sprained, especially if not
sufficiently flexible.
• When a particular incident causes damage,
soft tissue must suffer damage first
Spinal Column
7
Cervical
Neck
12
Thoracic
Ribcage
5
Lumbar
5 Sacrum
(fused)
Lower
back
4 coccyx (fused)
47
The Spine
Spine - 3 main
functions.
To
protect the
spinal cord
To
allow movement.
To
support the
upper body.
48
The Structure & Function of the
Spine
Provides a flexible connection between the
upper and lower half of the body
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Is involved in most movements of the trunk and
limbs by providing key attachment points for
muscles
Has a very significant function in weight bearing
but only with correct posture
Is very prone to injury if used incorrectly
49
The Nerves
52
Lumbar Segment
Vertebrae
(Bone)
Facet
Joint
Disc
53
The Spine
• Each vertebrae is separated by a gel
like substance, the disc. These discs
bend and stretch as we move
54
Functions of the Disc
• These functions are to:
– CUSHION SHOCK
– ALLOW SPINAL MOVEMENT
– SEPARATE THE BONES
– ALLOW NERVES TO EXIT
55
Structural Features
Annulus
fibrosus
Nucleus
pulposus
58
Slipped Disc
• A slipped disc is also called a “herniated
or prolapsed” disc
• It is a bulge in the wall of one of the
discs between the vertebrae pressing
onto the nerve
59
Forward Bending and to One Side
60
Disc Damage
Normal Disc
Prolapsed Disc
61
Herniated Disc
"Superior View"
Leaking pulposus puts
pressure on nerves
exiting from spinal cord
62
63
Disc Prolapse
• Spine loaded in bent forward position
• Disc is wedged at front
• Jelly-like substance is forced backward or back/
laterally.
• This substance forces through fibrous rim resulting in
disc prolapse
• This process can happen gradually when a poor
posture is habitually adopted during lifting.
67
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Sciatic
68
Soft Tissue Injuries
• These include injuries to:
– MUSCLES
– TENDONS
– LIGAMENTS
70
Mechanical Back Injury
• Causes of mechanical back injury when
handling or lifting
– POOR POSTURE
– POOR TECHNIQUE
– CARELESS ACTIONS
– FAILURE TO ASSESS
71
• Ligaments
72
Soft Tissue Injury
• Muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules.
• Can be strained or sprained, especially if not
sufficiently flexible.
• When a particular incident causes damage,
soft tissue must suffer damage first
73
Major Back Muscle Groups
74
Skeletal Muscle
Posture Muscle
• Short Fibres
• Contract Slowly
• Use Ready oxygen, red
in colour
• Slow Chemical
Turnover
• High Endurance
Action Muscle
• Long Fibres
• Contract Quickly
• Use stored Chemical
Energy. White in
colour
• Fast Chemical
Turnover
• Tire Easily
75
Postural Muscles
Maintain position / posture
Trunk
muscles
76
Causes of Back Pain
Not just caused by heavy work and heavy
weights
Can be due to:
Poor static posture
Sitting too long in one position
Sudden movement
Vibration during handling
Psychological stress
77
INJURIES CAUSED BY
MANUAL HANDLING ARE
RARELY FATAL, BUT….
Can cause permanent disability
78
Mechanism of Injury
MECHANISM OF INJURY
• Three types of mechanical back injury
which may be caused by poor manual
handling practice
– SOFT TISSUE INJURY
– BONY INJURY
– DISC INJURY
79
Flexibility
MAIN POINTS
• Fitness
• Flexibility / Tightness
• Posture
• Stretching
82
Most Susceptible to Injury
n
Early in the shift
u NOT WARMED UP
n
Lunch-time
u LOW GLUCOSE
n
End of day
u TIRED
84
Elements of Stretching
Stretch
EASY
DEVELOPMENTAL
DRASTIC
A sudden drastic stretch can
be painful and can damage tissue
NEVER DO A DRASTIC
STRETCH!
85
Reasons why we should be Flexible
• To prevent injury
• To increase the range of joint movement
• To help improve co-ordination
88
89
THE EIGHT PRINCIPLES
OF
MOVEMENT AND
HANDLING
90
Principles of Lifting
•
•
•
•
•
Assess the task - area / load
Broad stable base (Feet Flat on the Floor)
Bend the knees
Back straight - Not necessarily vertical
Firm grip with palm of hand
– Palmar grip
• Arms in line with trunk
• Weight close to centre of gravity
• Turn feet in direction of movement
91
1.Stop and Think
92
Assessment
• The Area:
– CLEAR OF OBSTACLES
– SURFACE- SMOOTH OR SLIPPY
– ADEQUATE WORKING SPACE
– GIVE SELF STRAIGHT ON APPROACH
– LIGHTING
93
Assessment
• The Load
– THE WEIGHT
– SIZE
– SHARP CORNERS
– CAN YOU LIFT IT ON YOUR OWN OR DO YOU
NEED HELP
– IS A MECHANICAL AID NEEDED
– STABILITY
94
2.Place the feet
95
Broad Stable Base
• Feet hip distance apart
• Feet firmly on floor
• Provides stability
96
3.Get a Firm Grip
97
4.Don’t Jerk
98
Bending the Knees
• Puts quadriceps muscles in mid range
• Reduces distance between body to load
thus putting the load within reach
• Reduces compressive forces on the spine
• Focuses the lift with the legs
99
Back Straight
•
•
•
•
•
•
Not necessarily erect
Neutral spine
Curves reduced
Opposing muscles in mid range
Structural benefits
Lift with legs/knees bent
100
Firm palmar Grip
•
•
•
•
•
•
Power via palm of hand
Fingers are not for weight bearing
Firm contact
Arms guide
Hands grip
Lifting with the legs
101
Arms in line with trunk
•
•
•
•
•
Avoids lifting with outstretched arms
Minimises weight of load
Closer to centre of gravity
Provides greater stability
Encourages the legs to do the work
102
Weight close to the centre of gravity
• Avoids outstretching
• Minimises the weight of the load
• Reduces forces on the spine
103
5.Move the Feet, Keep Close to
the Load
104
Feet in the direction of movement
•
•
•
•
•
Straight on approach
Avoids bending and twisting movements
Lift in smooth and controlled manner
Maximises base of support
Minimises weight transfer
105
6.Put down, Then adjust
106
Manual Handling Principles
• Stay balanced
• Keeping your centre of gravity close to the
load’s centre of gravity
• Bending from the knees
• Keeping the back straight, and head up
• Staying compact when pushing
• Moving the feet to turn, not the body
• Moving smoothly, particularly when setting
loads down
107
Important
• Knowledge and training alone will not
guarantee safe handling
• A risk assessment needs to be
undertaken
• Avoid if possible
• Know your own limits
• Put training into action at work as well
as home
109
REMEMBER
PREVENTION
IS
BETTER
THAN
CURE
110
Hurt at Work
• You've carefully thought out all the
angles.
• You've done it a thousand times.
• It comes naturally to you.
• You know what you're doing, its what
you've been trained to do your whole life.
• Nothing could possibly go wrong, right ?
111
Think Again!
112
113
WRONG
CORRECT
114
MANUAL HANDLING TECHNIQUE
115
The Command for Lifting
Prepare
to Lift
Get yourself and equipment
ready and positioned
and
Take the Strain
LIFT...
Move
117
PUSHING
118
PUSHING
WRONG
CORRECT
119
MANUAL HANDLING
GOOD HANDLING
RULE 1: If you think that you cannot manage
to move the Load
GET HELP !
120
MANUAL HANDLING
GOOD HANDLING
RULE 2: You must always be in charge of the
Load, never the load in charge of you.
121
Principles of Lifting
•
•
•
•
•
Assess the task - area / load
Broad stable base (Feet Flat on the Floor)
Bend the knees
Back straight - Not necessarily vertical
Firm grip with palm of hand
– Palmar grip
• Arms in line with trunk
• Weight close to centre of gravity
• Turn feet in direction of movement
122
MANUAL HANDLING PRACTICAL TRAINING
Lifting: Floor to Floor
Floor to Bench
Bench to Floor
Bench to Height
Pushing
Pulling
124
Principles of Lifting
•
•
•
•
•
Assess the task - area / load
Broad stable base (Feet Flat on the Floor)
Bend the knees
Back straight - Not necessarily vertical
Firm grip with palm of hand
– Palmar grip
• Arms in line with trunk
• Weight close to centre of gravity
• Turn feet in direction of movement
125