CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHOOL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
MKAM1023-01 PENGURUSAN TAPAK PEMBINAAN DAN KAWALAN KESELAMATAN
(CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY CONTROL)
Name: Salem Aboulgasem Mohmed alguefer
MKA201103
SESSION: 2021/2022
Individual Assignment
CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY CONTROL
Question 1
A. What is the purpose of OHS-MS?
In terms of understanding what OHS-MS means it simply is the motivation behind an OHS
Management System (otherwise called an OHSMS) is to methodically that lessens the impact of the
any serious injury or damage which the casualty within the similar work environment which will surely
provide and give an estimate the work and daily activities in an efficient manner. (Shepard, 2021)
PCBU's to provide some long-term credibility that will garner the protected work environment and
frameworks of work. This likewise incorporates talking with your laborers and keeping them informed
about well-being and security matters. Top administration is at last liable for giving a protected spot
and frameworks of work.
Fostering a decent OHS management system will give a more compelling approach to shielding
laborers and others from work environment injury and sickness. (Worksafe , 2021)
B. What is the approach of ISO 45001?
ISO 45001 empowers associations to oversee and highly improve their own well-being and safety
risks and performance.
This Occupational Health and Safety Management System consolidates center association processes
and gives the open door to senior administration to be more included. It additionally focuses on the
requirement for specialist cooperation in the working of an Occupational Health and Safety
Management System. (Quality One, 2021)
C. What are the benefits of ISO 45001
ISO 45001 guarantees your association has an administration framework set up to decrease wellbeing and dangers inside the working environment safeguarding laborers from likely mischief and
expanding productivity simultaneously. Different advantages of ISO 45001 include:
D. What is the key to sustain the implementation of ISO 45001?
The five key factors involved in the sustaining and implementing ISO 45001 standards have been
termed as follows: A) Identify: - This involves in identifying all the process and activities that will be involved and carried
out at one’s place.
B) Check:- With the help of workers and laborers themselves the importance of checking the whether
any activity has significantly associated with hazards that could cause harm or jeopardize any person’s
health.
C) Reduce :- In terms of reducing the risks that can lead to serious injury (accidents or long term
sickness) by removing the hazard, modifying the work process , protecting the safety of workers etc.
D) Verify:- Whether the measures you have in place to protect the workers that are working
properly and that rules are being followed.
E) Improve: - This also involves the importance of always looking out for what could be done better
and more safely for each and every time. (Safet4Sea, 2018)
E. What are the main elements of ISO 45001?
Context of the Organization
In order to determine and figure out the context of the association, the ISO 45001 standard that
prescribes to address both inward and outside setting issues, for example the cultural issues and the
social issues, political, lawful angles, presentation of new contenders, project workers, providers,
accomplices and suppliers, new advances, culture in the association, structure and degree of
authoritative relationship, working time courses of action and so on.
Leadership and Worker Participation
This will certainly involve word related medication administration. In terms of understanding the
long-term instructional classes for the overseeing of the levels of the company and different
departments associated with them it will certainly provide top supervisors with poor information and
work-related challenges which they will face. The leadership must involve active worker participation
by understanding the importance of it and creating opportunities that will provide them with growth
and development of the organization. Leadership and worker participation will focus on OHSAS 18001
and ISO 45001 importance that will be related amongst them.
F. What is the main differences between OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001?
The main difference between the two standards is ISO 45001 takes a proactive approach that requires
risk hazard to be evaluate and remedied before they cause accidents and injuries while OHSAS 18001
takes a reactive approach that focuses solely on risks and not solutions. (Avetta , 201)
Q2. Discuss the most effective accident prevention strategies in reducing the injury rates in construction?
Providing all the employees safety training on all the safety standards and the hazards that they might face on the
job. Holding frequent crew safety meetings for high-risk work and maintenance where the importance should be
focused on the relevant issues that needs to be updated. Maintain all the equipment and tools in terms of their
effectiveness and performance so that broken parts or malfunctioning gear can be fixed as it might cause serious
injuries and death. Provide Safety Training course before beginning work and refresher courses for existing workers
can help prevent construction accidents in the workplace.
Q3. Discuss the underlying casual factors of fatal accidents within the construction industry?
Complacency within the current era of federal safety regulations and modern technology, no one goes to work
expecting to get hurt but this will create a mentality ‘’ it won't happen to me again’’ that causes most accidents and
injuries. There are a wide range of justifications for why laborers land disappointed on the position, and it's basically
impossible to represent each variable adding to a terrible day. Yet, there are steps you can take to further develop
resolve in the working environment.
Q4. By giving examples, discuss the cost of construction accidents in relation to immediate, short, and long terms
impact to individual, organization, government, and society?
Development mishaps cost the development association, the area and public economy an incredible arrangement
yearly. Such is the size of the issue that a conclusive expense need stone. Financial specialists have normally
contended for the evaluation of the advantages of interests in wellbeing and security based on a money saving
advantage investigation. In terms of the cost of mishap it can be described by the iceberg effect. While a 'hint of
something larger' uncovers noticeable and unmistakable expenses, the lowered heft of the ice sheet disguises a
significant part of the covered up and frequently vague monetary ramifications.
Q5) HIRARC Table is Mentioned below?
1.Hazard Identification
Rank Work
activity
1
2.
3
4
5
6
Hazard
Which can
cause
/effect
Explosion Burning of
building
2.Risk Analysis
3. Control
Measures
Existing
Likely Severity Risk Risk
Recommend
Risk
Category
Control
control
hood
measures
Fire
Environment Very High
High Severe
Fire
will be
rare
risk injury
extinguisher
safe
leading
to and sprinkler
death
system
Unsafe
Falls
Struck
by Inspecting Rare High
High Collapse of
Proper
scaffolds
falling
site and
the
materials and
materials
equipment
building
mind loads
Unsafe
Falling Occupation Suitable
Rare High
High Fatal injury
work
working
from
al fatalities work
to
the equipment to
platforms heights
equipment
person
minimize the
to prevent
distance
and
a fall
consequence
occurring,
s of a
fall,
e.g. edge
e.g. fall arrest
protection
systems
Open
Falls
Unprotected Identifying Rare High
High Musculoskeletal Fall
Shafts and
sides
or fall
Protection
Edges
edges
hazards
injury
PPE
Unsafe
Extension Electrocution Get rid of High Hugh High Contact
Do
not use
electrical cords
damaged
with
live outlets
or
connections
extension
wires
cords
that
cords
resulting in
have exposed
electric
wiring
shock
and
burns,
unsafe
People Cave in
Barricade High High
High worker
Employees
excavations and
the site to
fatalities
can
be
vehicles
falling
into
the
excavation
7. Unsafe
Loading
Falls
of
cantilever beyond
temporary
loading
workload platforms
platforms
8 struck by
foreign
body
9 Falling
objects
Falling or hit by any
flying
piece
of
objects
equipment
or object
that’s
falling,
swinging,
or rolling
Human
bruises,
error
fractures,
strains, and
sprains
restrict the
entry
of
animal and
the
unauthorized
person
on site
Signage
indicating
maximum
uniformly
distributed
load
Rare High High Free Fall
hardhats at
work sites
Rare High High Serious
injuries
needing
prolonged
treatment
Guard rail
systems
High High High bruises,
fractures,
strains, and
sprains
10 Unstable/ foundation resulting in Structural
unsafe
are too
loss
of stability
structural weak
ability to
membranes
resist
loading
and
it
would be
unstable.
11 Overloaded Overturns causes
Maintained
vehicles
damage to forklifts
High High High Building
Collapse
High High High Fatally
injure
protected
through
sloping,
shielding,
and shoring
the
excavation
Supporting
structure
has
been signed
off
by
a
suitably
qualified
engineer
as
adequate
to
support
Load , including
any loads
placed
on
loading
platform
Limit access
to work areas
always
keeping
walkways
free
clutter
Careful
Competent
construction
Loading
and
of
and
and forklifts
your
vehicles
personnel
unloading
Procedures.
and
stock,
but
at
worst,
can
seriously
or
fatally
injure
personnel
12 Unstable
mobile
cranes
Overloading structural
stresses
and cause
irreversible
damage
13 Unsafe
When
result
in
lifting
bending
Musculoskeletal
operations twisting or
Rar
Following e High High
of lift plan
stable
position
High High High
Severe
injuries
DeEnergize
Overhead
Cranes
bruises,
ergonomic
fractures, controls can
Strains ,and reduce the
and good
carrying
injuries
sprains
risk
and
posture,
objects
(MSIs),
including
sprains and
strains
and
other
injuries
14 Unsafe
Overloading Injuries
working at
of and death
height
15 Unsafe
lifting
operations
ladders
When
bending
twisting or
result
in
Musculoskeletal
carrying
injuries
objects
(MSIs),
including
sprains and
strains
and
other
injuries
bruises,
prevent
injuries
Proper
PPE
stable
position
High High High
High High High
Severe
Ensure to
injuries and understand
death
fall distance
bruises,
ergonomic
fractures, controls can
strains, and reduce the
and good
sprains
risk
posture,
16 Struck
by Human
prevent
injuries
Guard rail High High High
bruises,
always
and
foreign
body
error
fractures,
strains, and
sprains
systems
fractures, keeping
strains, and walkways
sprains
free
of
clutter
Q6. Explain the correlation between safety culture and performance ?
A)
Workplace safety will provide a credible record for the long term safety and security of the
workers that are working on the site. Employers should make sure that their workers are getting the
best of health and safety practices that can dramatically reduce illnesses, injuries and also work
related death or fatalities that will certainly lead to far and fewer compensation costs and OSHA
related penalties.
In an environment where the risk of having an injury is extremely high it will certainly create
opportunities where the team can work and align themselves with safety culture and performance
of those workers when it comes to given safety standards. Long term safety standards are of utmost
importance as it creates the social cohesion and provide a safe platform for the workers to make sure
that they work in the safest and secured environment. This will certainly provide a long term
understanding that in a very credible and safe environment. (Stemn, Carmel , & Cliff , 2019)
Q7.I) Defining the importance of stress and stressor ?
Stress: Force per unit area within materials that arises from externally applied forces. It is the internal
reaction force in a material created by an external loading.
Stressor:- Some of the many causes of work-related stress include long hours or heavy workload in
work performance, depression, anxiety and sleeping difficulties.
II)
Task stressor :- refers to the sources that are intrinsic in nature of one’s job that can cause
too
much or too little work, time pressure and deadlines having too many decision to make resulting in
fatigue from physical strains. (Liu & Li , 2018)
Organisational stressors:- refer to the sources of stress coming from and within an organization itself,
including the organizational structure and the degree of autonomy given to employees
III) Impact of Stress on Construction Professional?
While the
the
impact of
stressors
construction
workers
which is
extremely
impacted
to
are difficulties in thinking logically and making decision, become unable to relax and
burnout. Stress can impact very negatively to the construction professional where it can lead to
severe injury.
.
References
Avetta . (201). Avetta Makeitng . Retrieved 2022, from Avetta : https://www.avetta.com/blog/whatkey-difference-between-ohsas-18001-vs-iso45001#:~:text=The%20main%20difference%20between%20the,on%20risks%20and%20not%20solut
ions.
Liu, C., & Li , H. (2018). Stressors and Stresses. J bus Psychol.
Quality One. (2021, July). Quality One . Retrieved July 2022, from Quality One: https://qualityone.com/iso45001/#:~:text=ISO%2045001%20methodology%20utilizes%20the,improving%20worker%20health
%20and%20safety.
Safet4Sea. (2018). Safety4Sea . Retrieved June 2022, from Safety 4 sea : https://safety4sea.com/cm5-tips-effective-iso-45001-implementation/
Shepard, M. N. (2021). Colden Corporation . Albany: Colden .
Stemn, E., Carmel , B., & Cliff , D. (2019). Examining the relationship between safety culture maturity
and safety performance of the mining industry. Brisbane: The University of Queensland.
Worksafe
.
(2021).
Worksafe.
Retrieved
July
12,
2022,
from
https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/occupational-health-and-safety-management-systems
Worksafe: