Types of Maps in Drone Mapping
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Drone mapping or aerial surveying in construction produces maps as the final delivery. Photogrammetry and LiDAR are
the two most common drone mapping methods. Both methods produce distinct mapping results and necessitate the
use of specific data processing software to analyse the data.
The common types of maps obtained from drone mapping are:
1. Orthomosaic maps
2. Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
3. Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
4. Contour line maps
5. 3D point clouds
6. 3D Textured Mesh
1. Orthomosaic Maps
A top-down map of a survey site is called an orthomosaic map or
ortho-map. The camera creates a composite image by looking straight
down at a survey site or object. Drones capture digital photos that are
stitched together to form a 2D orthomosaic map. When the area to be
surveyed is large, this map is created. A drone equipped with
high-resolution cameras aids in the creation of comprehensive,
centimeter-accurate ortho-maps. An ortho-map provides a realistic
representation of the project's progress, allowing for quick
decision-making and analysis.
2. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
DEMs are visual representations of elevation data for every point the
drones captured on the location. DEMs employ colours to depict
elevation differences rather than a physical representation of the site.
For each x and y coordinate, DEMs generate grids that list the highest
vertical point along the z-coordinate. A smaller grid cell indicates that
the DEM data file has more precise information. It includes terrain
models with a lot of detail.
3. Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital
Terrain Model (DTM)
DEM is a subset of DSM and DTM. DTM is a bare-earth surface model
that includes only the terrain and ground, whereas DSM includes all
obtained points and represents both man-made and natural features on
the earth's surface.
DTM and DSM models are shown in the diagram below. DTM tracks the
ground, whereas DSM displays it. DSM depicts the surface structures,
such as the tops of buildings and trees.
4. Contour Line Maps
Topographic maps, often known as contour maps, are two-dimensional
maps made up of lines connecting equal elevation locations. These are
known as contour lines. Peaks and valleys are depicted on contour maps,
along with the slope's steepness.
A contour line map is created using a DTM or DSM model with specific
contour intervals. This gives a better understanding of the region shot by
the drone's surface.
5. 3D Point Clouds
The drone photos are converted into a 3D point cloud, which is then
densified. It consists of hundreds of points, each of which is a geometric
coordinate. Each point has both geographical (x,y,z) and colour data. To
create a 3D model, all of these coordinates are integrated. The model
becomes denser as the number of coordinates rises.
3D point clouds produce an accurate model with easily determined
distance, area, and volume.
6. 3D Texture Mesh
The evolution of 3D point clouds is a 3D texture mesh. It replicates the
region shot by the drone's edges, faces, vertices, and texture. It is
suitable for visual examination and is great for project progress
monitoring. Track, map, survey, inspect, and manage your worksite
projects with Falcon.3D
Source : https://justpaste.it/maps-drone-mapping
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