R2D2 ESR-LCR METER DESCRIPTION.
The device is designed for measuring low resistance, inductance, capacitance and ESR of
capacitors. Functionally, the circuit can be divided into eight modules:
1. L / C oscillator
2. Block stable current sources (50mA/5mA/0.5mA)
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3. Unit responsible
for
discharge
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4. Block
voltage
amplifier
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5. Block
display
(Nokia
LCD 3310)
2. @/%6
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"#,>1/<+%?%
#%6, (50mA/5mA/0.5mA)
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6. control
buttons
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5. @/%6 %#%>$,=)+10
1+C%$2,;11 (Nokia LCD 3310)
7. PIC18F2520
microcontroller
6. D+%(61 5($,'/)+10
8. Switch
(for switching components of the subjects)
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principle
of the 1-/%=)+%
LC oscillator
and6 (%*%>+32
therefore
the principle
of measuring
the inductance
and
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capacitance
(1p
1uF)
to
describe
in
detail
not
see
the
point.
This
is
detailed
in
the
descriptions
of
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similar devices
to whom
the Internet
weight.
mention
only some
that'/10+10
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this
scheme
and
algorithm
of
calculation.
To
measure
the
inductance
and
capacitance
using
different
1+*56#1'+%"#1 +, $)-5/<#,# 1-2)$)+10 (%+, 5.1#3',)#"0 ($1 6,/1>$%'6)).
pairs of probes ... This approach has allowed more accurate measurements to establish a permanent,
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automatic,
calibration.
Ie+,($0=)+10
LC oscillator
frequency drift
does'$)2)+1
not have
such
a significant
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impact
on8%*6/A.)++3&
the accuracy
measurement
as ($)*',$1#)/<+%
it was before.
Also, a (Q1)
new(%"/)
approach
to (%*,)#"0
calculation
has
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allowed
to
get
rid
of
the
influence
of
interturn
capacitance
measured
inductance
in
the
measurement
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(it is2%=+%
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during
calibration).
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Measurement
of capacitance
electrolytic
capacitors
is organized
by the '"(/)"6
classical
method')/1.1+,
- a
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charge
the
capacitor
stable
current
source
to
a
certain
level
of
voltage
(0,2
v)
with
a
parallel
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($)%>$,-%',+1)
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')/1.1+3 is
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"1/3Capacitor
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counting the */0
charging
time.$,".)#,
The scheme
implemented
seq. way.
connected
subject
pre$,".)# ESR.
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*/1#)/<+%"#< 12(5/<", '")?% 1-2uS J#%?% *%"#,#%.+% */0 #%?%, .#%>3 6%+*)+",#%$ 5"()/ +)2+%?% -,$0*1#<"0, #)2 ",232 "/)?6,
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discharge (Q1) and then fed it to a stable voltage and the timer countdown. At the moment of
reaching the voltage level of 0,2 v. triggers an internal comparator and a fixed timer. Next is the
capacitance calculation. To reduce the measurement time you can select the maximum limit of
measuring the capacitance of the test capacitor (100/300/600 thousands of microfarads).
Measurement of ESR (ESR) capacitor and the measurement of low resistances is performed by ff.
principle. On the subject capacitor short voltage pulse is applied formed a stable source of supply.
This causes a spike in voltage magnitude is proportional to the ESR of the capacitor. Two seriesconnected DU increase the signal to the required level. Further, connected to the output of op amp
microcontroller registers peak of the pulse and performs the analog-digital transformation for
further calculation of voltage. Knowing the value of the current pulse and the voltage produced
calculation of ESR.
When measuring the ESR of small vessels (<10uF) is a slight overstatement of meter readings.
Despite the fact that pulse duration of 1-2uS enough to recharge the capacitor had a little, thus
slightly overestimated the value of the measured voltage.
Construction details.
Some design features that should be considered when repeated. Trimmer to block the source stable
current (2. I_source) should be replaced by the constant, after selecting their approximate value in
the configuration process (Described below).
Trimmer resistors R3 and R8 in the amplifier unit (4. Amp) is recommended to use multi. This will
allow fine-tuning of the coefficients. enhance the value of which depends on the accuracy of the
instrument (especially critical for ESR).
Instead of two MCP601 op amp can be used one MCP602.
Relay in switching unit (8. Switch) must be used bistable with two windings rated for 5v.
Capacitors C2 and C5-polar tantalum or "pottery." Choke L1 - such as "dumbbells". Even better, if
the "dumbbells" will be in the ferrite "glass".
Block "S1 optional" is the control unit supply voltage on the LC oscillator. Optionally, there is a
possibility turn off the generator in the measurement mode "elektorlitov" scheme to reduce power
consumption. S1 unit can not use, simply plug the generator to the LC diet.
! To avoid failure of the microcontroller, Jmp jumper should be set only after the voltage setting in
point "B" resistor "R_Vbat" (described below).
The circuit module is missing frequency (prescaler and buffer), although the software itself is
implemented frequency. Measured frequency (with the "correct" amplitude) must be submitted by 6
output MK (F). It should be understood that for modes measuring capacitance and inductance at
input 6 MK must be supplied from the output signal LC oscillator. With this purpose in the scheme
shows the switch. One of the possible solutions of the schematic module frequency (prescaler /
buffer switching) is still under development. If necessary, switching can be arranged on the
common
switches, as well as diagrams of the input circuits (divider \ buffer) using one of the many schemes
available in Internet.
Setting up and operating the device.
When you first turn on the device should reset all settings to default. To do this, press 3 and power
on the device. Later this operation can be done from the menu «Function» section "Reset".
After reset it is desirable to produce off-ON device. By default, after reset the contrast value
«Contrast» set as 200. You can change the settings menu, or perform off-ON device holding the 4
pressed. In this case, immediately after the device goes into the menu adjust the contrast. Next
button 4 contrast is increased, and button 3 - is reduced.
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.1-D9,(4 /,('#,% 8&()"?&(.'. F $'-4#%?:%2 ;(8 "/%)'B,D 2"@#" .*/"-#,(4 ,C 2%#D «Function» )'C$%- “Reset”.
I"&-% &<)"&' @%-'(%-4#" /)",C.%&(, "(1--.1- 8&()"?&(.'. I" 82"-9'#,D, /"&-% &<)"&' #'&()"%1 C#'9%#,% 1"#()'&(' «Contrast»
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Setting
a stable#$"*)01/&2&
source of$&(".
current.
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H' ("9#"&(4 ,C2%)%#,0 C#'9,(%-4#"% .-,0#,% "1'C*.'%( '118)'(#"&(4 #'&()"?1, ,&("9#,1". &('<,-4#"5" ("1'. 3-0 #'&()"?1,
#8@#" /%)%?(, . 2%#D «Function» , $'-%% .*<)'(4 )'C$%- “I_50” 1#"/1"? «OK». K'(%2 /"$1-D9,(4 1 1-%22'2 ,C2%)%#,0 +/ESR
2,--,'2/%)2%().
L,--,'2/%)2%()
<8$%( /"1'C*.'(4
C#'9%#,%
("1' <8$87%5" affected
,2/8-4&' $-0
ESR. of stable sources
The
accuracy of
the measurement
accuracy
is significantly
by,C2%)%#,0
the settings
C /"2"74D /"$&()"%9#"5" )%C,&(")' (R3) #%"<E"$,2" 8&('#".,(4 ;("( ("1 1'1 2"@#" <-,@% 1 C#'9%#,D 50mA. I"&-% ;("5"
of
supply.
To
configure
must
go
to
the
menu
«Function»
and
then
select
the
section
"I_50" button
C'/"2#,(4 /"1'C'#,0 , "(1-D9,(4 2,--,'2/%)2%(). 3'-%% & /"2"74D 1#"/"1 +/- 8&('#".,(4 . 2%#D 8&()"?&(.' C#'9%#,%
"()'@'%2"%
)'#%%
#'
2,--,'2/%)2%()%
&
("9#"&(4D
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$%&0(*E
,
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1#"/18
OK.
«OK».
Then connect to the terminals of measuring C / ESR milliammeter. Milliammeter will show
M8 @% /)"B%$8)8 #%"<E"$,2" .*/"-#,(4 $-0 ,&("9#,1". ("1' 5 , 0,5mA… )'C$%-* “I_5” , “I_05”, "()%58-,)".'. ("1
the
current
value
of future )%C,&(")'2,,
momentum
measuring
ESR. $"-@#" <*(4 ./,&'#" . 2%#D 8&()"?&(.' &
&""(.%(&(.8D7,2,
/"$&()"9#*2,
/),for
;("2
,C2%)%##"% C#'9%#,%
("9#"&(4D $" &"(*E/(*&09#*E.
C!!! using
trimmer (R3) to install the current as close as possible to the value of 50mA. Thereafter
F'@#" /"2#,(4, 9(" /%)%1-D9%#,% 2%@$8 )'C$%-'2, $"-@#" /)",C."$,(4&0 /), "(1-D9%##"2 2,--,'2/%)2%()%. F $'-4#%?:%2
)%1"2%#$8%(&0
C'2%#,(4on
/"$&()"%9#*%
)%C,&(")* #' /"&("0##*%
/".("),(4
#'&()"?1,.
remember
reading
and off milliammeter.
Next, ,using
the/)"B%$8)8
+ / - to set
the value of the device menu
reflected
!"#$%&'(" by
34. earlier milliammeter within a tenth and save it by clicking OK.
I)"B%&&
#'&()"?1,
34 &."$,(&0
1 /"$&()"?1%
8&,-%#,0
1'@$"5"
AN 1 C#'9%#,D
81'C'##"28 0,5
. )'C$%-'E
, Amp2.
3-0"I_05",
;("5"
The
same
procedure
must
be runKto
power
source
5 and sections
mA Amp1
... "I_5"
and
#8@#" .*<)'(4 )%@,2 ,C2%)%#,0 ESR/C/R , $'-%%:
adjusting the current subscript corresponding resistors, with the measured value should be inserted
in the device menu with to two decimal places / thousandths.
It is important to remember that switching between sections should be done with disconnected
milliammeter. Later recommended to replace the trimmer with the constant and repeat the setup
process.
Setting up the OS.
The process of configuring the OS is reduced to tuning gain K of each OU to the value specified in
sections and Amp1 Amp2. for this select the measurement mode ESR / C / R and beyond:
1. Connect to terminals electrolyte knowingly capacity (better to take a small capacitor with a
capacity of 10 - 50uF) and with the resistor R3 and postroechnogo variable Amp1 (~ 6.0) in the
setup menu, make appropriate indications on the screen.
2. Then connect to the terminals of known resistance (preferably 1 - 10 ohms) and with the help of
resistor R8 and postroechnogo variable Amp2 (~ 6.0) in the setup menu, make appropriate
indications on the screen.
On the accuracy of the measurement of resistance will affect the accuracy of setting the current to
current Sources
0.00 -1.00 Om - section "I_50"
1.00 -10.0 Om - section "I_5"
10.0 -100 Om - section "I_05"
Setting LC oscillator.
Setting LC oscillator is reduced to the selection of inductor L1 and capacitor C1 so that the
oscillator frequency, which can be controlled by the regime "Oscillator" was in the range 900kGts.
C2 and C5 should be tantalum or nonpolar "ceramics." Calibration capacitor can be anything in the
range of 500-1200 pF. The main thing that it was capacitor with a minimum of TKE and a known
value of your container. Very well, if it is possible to pre-to measure its real capacity to some
calibrated meter. The value of the total capacity C_cal and C3 should be recorded in the section
"6.Ccal". C3 can not install (.... spied in a similar decision, as an option reducing the total TKE).
Battery indicator.
Display Setting the charge is reduced to the installation at the point "B" voltage equal to about one
third the battery voltage supply. For it is necessary to measure the battery voltage supply at a point
"A" (when the device) U1. Then connect the voltmeter in point "B" achieved by adjusting the
resistor «R_Vbat» voltmeter U2 equal to about 1 / 3 of U1. Further to calculate the division factor
K_div = U1/U2 and write values to the relevant sections in the menu settings. Also indicate
in setting the voltage with a fully charged battery "V_bat" and minimum battery voltage in which
the device will signal the need to replace / recharge the battery.
Also, to improve the accuracy of the ADC is desirable to specify the exact menu voltage
microcontroller V_ref (on default is 5v) measured it when the device at V_ref.
Measurement of ESR / C / R (from 0.1 - 600 000 uF)
To measure the need to:
1. Enable device (terminals for measuring component-free)
2. Switch the device by pressing the "Mode" (hereinafter M) mode ESR / C / R
3. If necessary, perform a calibration (see below)
4. Connect the measurement component to the terminals (C)
5. The device's screen displays the measurement result.
It should be noted that the speed of measurement affects the measured capacitance of the capacitor.
Maximum limit measurements can be selected in the menu «Function» (C_max) (stated in
thousands of microfarads)
Calibration mode ESR / C / R.
Calibration is to compensate for the effect of the length of wires Clem and others on the
measurement of internal resistance. For calibration must be in the mode ESR / C / R button
«Calibration» (hereinafter C). When the menu «Close probes» (closed probes) should be close to
the device probes the countdown on the screen. After perform the calibration, configuration
information is automatically stored in nonvolatile memory device, which will not subsequently be
calibrated each time you turn on your device.
Measure C (C <1uF)
To measure the need to:
1. Enable device (terminals for measuring component-free)
2. Switch the device by pressing the "M" mode in C-meter
3. If necessary, perform a calibration (see below)
4. Connect the measurement component to the terminals
5. The device's screen displays the measurement result.
Calibration in C mode
Calibration is to compensate for the effect of the length of wires Clem and others in the
measurement capacitor. For calibration must be in mode C (measuring the component connection
terminals are open, measured capacitor is disconnected) and press the button "C".
Measure L
To measure the need to:
1. Enable device (terminals for measuring component-free)
2. Switch the device by pressing the "M" mode in L-meter
3. If necessary, perform a calibration (see below)
4. Connect the measurement component to the terminals
5. The device's screen displays the measurement result.
6. When measuring the inductance (especially the small denominations) for higher accuracy can be
measurement process (without disabling the measured inductance) to calibrate the touch of a button
"C". At the same time The device is calibrated and the display will reflect the importance attached
inductance as close to real.
Calibration mode L
Calibration is to compensate for the effect of the length of wires Clem and others on the
measurement of inductance.
There are two types of calibration - 'deep' to calculate the inductance of the probe and the "usual" to
correct the drift of the generator.
Regular calibration is performed by pressing the "C" in the mode of L-meter. Calibration can be
performed with a connected measured inductance to schupam device.
To perform a "deep" calibration, you must click the "C" and keep it pressed until you see signs
«Close probes and take away hand» (closed probes and clean hands) and then close the test leads to
the end of the reverse reference on the screen, remove your hands and wait for the calibration
process. After calibration, unlock probes.
Deep calibration can not be conducted continuously since after the "deep" calibration value of
inductance Probe connections are stored in volatile memory of microprocessor.
Measure F
To measure the frequency needed:
1. Insert the device
2. Switch the device by pressing the "M" mode in F-meter
3. Select the mode (with or without prescaler) using the "/"
4. Submit the measured frequency of the input of the «F» (6th output MC).
Change prescaler division factor applied by using the button «K». After installation of the
coefficient to preserve the "OK button" value will be stored in nonvolatile memory.
Diagram of the device does not contain modules of the frequency (prescaler and buffer).
Beep "Reminder"
If the measurements are not carried out more than ~ 1 minute, the device begins to publish an
intermittent beep. Further signal repeats every ~ 20 seconds.
Beep "reminder" will not be included, if the instrument is set to "Off".
translation by Kripton2035 (and google...) on october 2011