Uploaded by Charith Kalu

Document (1)

advertisement
The 2020 WHO Classification of
Tumors of Bone:
An Updated Review
Overview
• Selected new tumor entities and subtypes in
the 2020 WHO classification of bone tumors
• Newly identified molecular genetic alterations
and immunohistochemistry markers
• Tumors reclassified in the categorization of
tumors
• Tumors changed in ICD-O code or biological
potential
• Tumors removed in the 2020 WHO classification
of bone tumors
2013 WHO
classification
2020 WHO classification
Tumours of soft tissue
Tumours of soft tissue
Tumours of bone
Tumours of bone
Undifferentiated small round
cell sarcomas of bones and
soft tissue
Tumours of bone
2013 WHO Classification
1. Chondrogenic tumors
2. Osteogenic tumors
3. Fibrogenic tumors
4. Fibrohistiocytic tumours
5. Ewing sarcoma
6. Haematopoietic neoplasm
7. Osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors
8. Notochordal tumors
9. Vascular tumors
10. Myogenic , lipogenic and epithelial tumours
11. Tumours of undefined neoplastic nature
12. Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma
Tumours of bone
2020 WHO Classification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
•
Chondrogenic tumors
Osteogenic tumors
Fibrogenic tumors
Haematopoietic neoplasm
Osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors
Notochordal tumors
Vascular tumors
Other mesenchymal tumours of bone
Ewing sarcoma
•
•
•
•
Fibrohistiocytic tumours
Myogenic , lipogenic and epithelial tumours
Tumours of undefined neoplastic nature
Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma
Chondrogenic Tumors
Chondrogenic Tumors
• 2013 WHO classification, the terminology “atypical cartilaginous
tumor” (ACT) was introduced as a synonym for
chondrosarcoma, grade 1 and classified as intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Site
Term
Biological potential
Appendicular
atypical
skeletons (long and cartilaginous
short tubular bones) tumor / ACT
Intermediate
Axial
skeleton,
(pelvis, scapula, and
skull base)
Malignant
chondrosarcoma,
grade 1 / CS1
Changes in Biological Potential in the
Chondrogenic Tumors
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO
Classification
2020 WHO
Classification
Chondroblastoma
Intermediate
Benign tumor
Chondromyxoid
fibroma
Intermediate
Benign tumor
Synovial
chondromatosis
Benign tumor
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Enchondroma
IDH1 and IDH2
Osteochondroma
EXT1 or EXT2
Chondroblastoma
H3F3B p.Lys36Met (K36M)
Chondromyxoid fibroma
GRM1 rearrangements
Primary central ACT/CS1
IDH1 and IDH2
Central chondrosarcoma, grade2 IDH1 and IDH2
and 3
Periosteal chondrosarcoma
IDH1 and IDH2
Secondary peripheral ACT/CS1
EXT1 or EXT2
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma IDH1 and IDH2
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
HEY1-NCOA2
Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/
Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1
• Arising in medulla of bone
• Etiology
– Primary : Not associated with precursor
– Secondary : Associated with enchondroma
• IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutation
• Histology
–
–
–
–
Cellularity low
Nuclei uniform, small, binucleation
Mitosis abcent
Permeate and entrap the preexisting lamellar bone trabeculae
– Presence of soft tissue extention
Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/
Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1
Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous
Tumor/ Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1
• Neoplasm arising within the cartilaginous cap of a preexisting
osteochondroma
• Thick (>2 cm), lobulated cartilaginous cap
• Nodules of cartilage apparently permeating soft tissues and
separated from the main mass of the tumor.
Central Chondrosarcoma
Grades 2 and 3
• Present intramedullary
• Histology
– More cellular than ACT/CS1 with more pronounced nuclear atypia and
show a variable extent of myxoid changes
– Mitoses are present and binucleation and necrosis can occur
• IDH 1, IDH2 ,TP53 mutation present
Central Chondrosarcoma
Grades 2 and 3
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
• High-grade, malignant, biphasic tumours
• Sites
–
–
bone, soft tissue, and intracranial sites.
Intraosseous lesions mainly involve the jaw, ribs, ilium, vertebrae, and
lower extremities
• HEY1 and NCOA2 gene mutations present
• Histology
–
Small to medium-sized, poorly differentiated round cells
–
Various proportions of islands of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage
• IHC
–
S100 protein, CD99, and SOX9.
–
Aberrant expression of EMA, desmin, myogenin, and MYOD1 may be
present
–
SMARCB1 (INI1) is retained
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
• Bimorphic histologic appearance with a conventional
chondrosarcoma component and an abrupt transition to a
highgrade, noncartilaginous sarcoma
• Sites
– femur (46%), pelvis (28%), humerus (11%), and scapula
• Molecular features
– TP53 and IDH mutations
• Histology
– cartilaginous portion can range from an enchondroma-like
appearance to grade 1 or grade 2 chondrosarcomas
– The high-grade dedifferentiated component usually has the
appearance of a high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic
sarcoma or osteosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Osteogenic tumors
Osteogenic tumors
2013 WHO Classification
Osteoma
•
Osteoid osteoma
•
Osteoblastoma
•
Low-grade central osteosarcoma
•
• Conventional osteosarcoma
• Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
• Small cell osteosarcoma
• Parosteal osteosarcoma
• Periosteal osteosarcoma
• High-grade surface osteosarcoma
2020 WHO Classification
•
Osteoma NOS
•
Osteoid osteoma NOS
•
Osteoblastoma NOS
•
Low-grade central osteosarcoma
•
Osteosarcoma NOS
Conventional osteosarcoma
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
Small cell osteosarcoma
• Secondary osteosarcoma
• Parosteal osteosarcoma
• Periosteal osteosarcoma
• High-grade surface osteosarcoma
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Osteoid osteoma
FOS & FOSB rearrangement
Osteoblastoma
FOS & FOSB rearrangement
Low-grade central
osteosarcoma
MDM2 and CDK4 amplification
Parosteal osteosarcoma
MDM2 and CDK4 amplification
Osteosarcoma NOS
TP53 and RB1
Osteosarcoma NOS
• Majority originate in the long bones of the extremities
• Telangiectatic osteosarcomas also frequently develop around
the knee ( 60%) and in the proximal humerus ( 20%).
– They occur in the metaphysis, commonly with direct extension into the
adjacent epiphysis and diaphysis
• Small cell osteosarcoma more commonly develops in the
diaphysis of long bones
• IHC (Non specific)
– SATB2, osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, RUNX2,
S100 protein
Secondary Osteosarcoma
• In the 2020 WHO classification, secondary osteosarcomas are
subdivided into 6 subtypes
1. Osteosarcoma in PDB
2. Radiation-associated osteosarcoma
3. Infarct-related osteosarcoma
4. Osteosarcoma due to chronic osteomyelitis
5. Implant-related osteosarcoma
6. Osteosarcoma secondary to early postzygotic disorders
such as fibrous dysplasia
Fibrogenic Tumors
Fibrogenic Tumors
• In the 2020 WHO classification, there were no significant
changes in the category of fibrogenic tumors
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Desmoplastic fibroma
CTNNB1 mutations
Fibrosarcoma
CDKN2A deletion
Vascular tumours
Vascular tumours
2013 WHO Classification
Haemangioma
• Epithelioid haemangioma
• Epithelioid
• haemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
•
2020 WHO Classification
Haemangioma NOS
• Epithelioid haemangioma
• Epithelioid
• haemangioendothelioma NOS
Angiosarcoma
•
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Epithelioid hemangioma
FOS or FOSB
rearrangements
Epithelioid
hemangioendothelioma
WWTR1-CAMTA1,
YAP1-TFE3
Epithelioid Hemangioma of Bone
• Commonly affects the fourth decade.
• It commonly involves long tubular bones, short tubular bones
of the distal lower extremities, flat bones, and vertebrae
• Histology
– Lobular architecture.
– Cells form vascular lumina or grow in solid sheets.
– A subset of cases, referred to as atypical epithelioid
hemangiomas, displays more solid growth, increased
cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and necrosis.
• IHC
– CD31, CD34, FLI1, ERG, and factor VIII-related antigen.
– Many cases are also positive for cytokeratin and EMA.
– FOS or FOSB can be expressed in a subset of cases.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of
Bone
•
•
Malignant neoplasm arising from bone
•
Histology
Commonly arise in long tubular bones, especially in lower extremities, followed by
the pelvis, ribs, and spine
–
–
•
•
Composed of epithelioid endothelial cells within a myxohyaline stroma
Tumor cells have moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and round
nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles are sometimes
present.
EHE with YAP1-TFE3 fusion is associated with distinct morphology
–
well-formed lumina and larger tumor cells with abundant, voluminous
cytoplasm.
–
The myxohyaline stroma is usually absent or inconspicuous
IHC
–
–
CD31, CD34, ERG, FLI1, factor VIII-related antigen, D2-40, and PROX1.
–
TFE3 immunohistochemistry can be used to identify EHE with YAP1-TFE3
Nuclear staining for CAMTA1 is positive in 86% to 88% of cases and is highly
specific.
Osteoclastic giant cell-rich
tumors
Osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors
2013 WHO Classification
• Giant cell lesion of the small
bone
• Giant cell tumour of bone
Fibrohistiocytic tumours
• Non ossifying fibroma
2020 WHO Classification
•
•
•
•
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Non-ossifying fibroma
Giant cell tumor of bone NOS
Conventional giant cell
tumor of bone
• Giant cell tumor of bone,
malignant
• Most tumors previously considered giant cell lesion of the
small bones represent a solid variant of ABC
• Denosumab-treated giant cell tumor (GCT) is newly described
as a variant of GCT
Changes in Biological Potential
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO
Classification
2020 WHO
Classification
Aneurysmal bone
cyst
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Benign tumor
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Aneurysmal bone cyst
USP6 rearrangements
Non-ossifying fibroma
KRAS and FGFR1 mutations
Giant cell tumor
H3F3A
p.Gly34Trp
(p.G34W) mutations
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
• Benign neoplasm of bone
• Most common in children and adolescents.
• It usually arises in the metaphysis of long bones, especially the
femur, tibia, and humerus, and the posterior elements of
vertebral bodies.
• Histology
– ABC is well circumscribed and contains blood-filled cystic
spaces separated by fibrous septa composed of neoplastic
(myo)fibroblastic spindle cells, scattered multinucleated
osteoclast-type giant cells, and reactive woven bone.
Non-ossifying Fibroma
• Affects children or adolescents and undergoes spontaneous
regression after puberty.
• It commonly occurs in the metaphysis of long bones of the lower
extremities, especially the distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal
tibia.
• Histology
– Bland, spindle-shaped cells with a storiform growth pattern.
– Multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells, hemosiderin
deposition, and foamy macrophages
• In the 2013 WHO classification, tumors with morphology similar
to NOF but occurring in the pelvis and non metaphyseal region of
long bones, and in age groups unusual for NOF, have been
designated as benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) of bone.
• Current assessments indicate majority of BFH cases representing
GCT of bone with regressive changes.
Non-ossifying Fibroma
Malignant Giant Cell Tumor
• GCT of bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing
neoplasm composed of neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells
admixed with macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells.
• Malignant GCTs account for <10% of all GCTs.
• Approximately 95% of GCTs harbor pathogenic H3.3A (H3F3A)
mutations
• Histology
– malignant GCTs show a sarcomatous component
juxtaposed to a conventional GCT.
Denosumab-treated Giant Cell Tumor
• Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
(RANKL) inhibitor is increasingly used in the treatment of GCT.
• The treatment effect of denosumab in GCTs is marked
depletion of osteoclastic giant cells and increased woven bone
deposition .
• Variable amounts of conventional GCT features may persist.
• Denosumab-treated GCTs with abundant bone formation may
mimic de novo osteosarcomas or secondary malignant GCTs.
• unlike osteosarcomas or secondary malignant GCTs,
denosumab-treated GCTs show less severe atypia, reduced
mitotic activity, and lack of infiltrative growth pattern.
Denosumab-treated Giant Cell Tumor
Notochordal tumors
Notochordal tumors
2013 WHO Classification
2020 WHO Classification
•
Benign notochordal cell
• tumor
Chordoma
– Chordoma NOS
– Chondroid chordoma
– Dedifferentiated chordoma
Benign
•
Benign notochordal cell tumor
Malignant
•
Conventional chordoma
/Chordoma NOS
• Chondroid chordoma
•
Poorly differentiated
chordoma
•
Dedifferentiated chordoma
Notochordal Tumors
• Chondroid chordoma is a variant of conventional chordoma
and show a large area of the matrix mimics hyaline
cartilaginous tumors.
• Dedifferentiated chordoma is a chordoma with a biphasic
appearance, characterized by conventional chordoma and
high-grade sarcoma.
• PDC is crucial as a new distinct subtype of chordoma.
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Chordoma
TBXT copy number gain
Poorly differentiated chordoma
SMARCB1 deletions
Poorly Differentiated Chordoma
• It typically arises in children and occasionally in young adults
• The most common location is the skull base , followed by the
cervical spine and rarely the sacrococcygeal region.
• Histology
– PDC is composed of cohesive sheets or nests of poorly
differentiated epithelioid cells, often with a focal rhabdoid
morphology.
– Mitotic activity is increased
– Geographical necrosis is often conspicuous. –
Physaliphorous cells are absent.
• IHC
– tumor cells are positive for cytokeratin and brachyury with
variable positivity for S100 protein.
• A diagnostic feature is the loss of SMARCB1 (INI1) expression
Poorly Differentiated Chordoma
Other mesenchymal tumors of
bone
•
•
•
•
2013 WHO Classification
2020 WHO Classification
Myogenic, lipogenic and
epithelial tumours
Lipoma
Adamantinoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Liposarcoma
Other mesenchymal tumors of
bone
Lipoma
Adamantinoma of long bone
Leiomyosarcoma
Hibernoma
•
•
•
•
• Fibrocartilaginous
mesenchymoma
Simple bone cyst
• Simple bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
• Fibrous dysplasia
Osteofibrous dysplasia
• Osteofibrous dysplasia
Chondromesenchymal hamartoma
• Chondromesenchymal
hamartoma
• Pleomorphic sarcoma,
Undifferentiated high grade undifferentiated
pleomorphic sarcoma
Tumours of undefined
neoplastic nature
•
•
•
•
•
Other Mesenchymal Tumors
• In the 2020 WHO classification, adamantinoma is divided into
three subtypes:
1. Classic
2. Ostiofibrous dysplasia (OFD) -like 3.
Dedifferentiated adamantinoma.
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO
Classification
2020 WHO
Classification
OFD-like
adamantinoma
Malignant
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Hibernoma
Benign
Fibrocartilaginous
mesenchymoma
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Hibernoma of Bone
• Benign neoplasm composed of brown adipocytes that
arise within or on the surface of bone. • Middle-aged and
elderly adults
• Affect the axial skeleton.
• Histology
– Brown fat cells are large, have numerous clear vacuoles
that scallop central nuclei, and are surrounded by
eosinophilic cytoplasm
– The cells may be admixed with hematopoietic
elements.
• IHC
– Express brown fat marker uncoupling protein 1.
Hibernoma of Bone
Fibrocartilaginous Mesenchymoma
• It is a very rare, locally aggressive neoplasm
• Affect children and adolescents
• Frequently occurs in the metaphysis of long bones, followed by
the iliac-pubic bones, vertebrae, ribs, and metatarsal bones.
• It lacks GNAS , IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and MDM2
amplification
• Histology
– FCM is characterized by spindle cell proliferation, hyaline
cartilage nodules, and bone trabeculae
– It may destroy the cortex and extend into the soft tissue.
Fibrocartilaginous Mesenchymoma
Dedifferentiated Adamantinoma
• It involves the anterior metaphysis or diaphysis of the tibia
• Dedifferentiated adamantinoma shows foci of classic
adamantinoma and gradual transition to dedifferentiated areas
composed of highly pleomorphic tumor cells with high mitotic
counts
• IHC
– Epithelial components show coexpression of cytokeratin,
EMA, vimentin, p63, and podoplanin.
– Sarcomatoid components may or may not show some
cytokeratin positivity
Hematopoietic neoplasms
Hematopoietic neoplasms
2013 WHO Classification
• Plasma cell myeloma
• Solitary plasmacytoma of
bone
• Primary non Hodgkin
lymphoma of bone
2020 WHO Classification
• Solitary plasmacytoma of bone
• Primary non Hodgkin lymphoma
of bone
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Erdheim-Chester disease
• Rosai-Dorfman disease
Changes in Biological Potential
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO
Classification
2020 WHO
Classification
Langerhans cell
histiocytosis
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
LCH NOS :
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
LCH Disseminated :
Malignant
Molecular Genetic Alterations
Tumour entities
Genetic alteration
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
BRAF V600E mutations
Erdheim-Chester disease
BRAF p.Val600Glu mutations
Rosai-Dorfman disease
NRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
• LCH is a clonal neoplastic proliferation of myeloid dendritic cells
with a Langerhans cell phenotype.
• LCH can be unifocal or multifocal or may be multisystem.
• Histology
– LCH cells have grooved, folded, indented, or lobed nuclei and
moderately abundant, slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm.
• IHC
– LCH cells express CD1a, CD207 (langerin), S100 protein, CD68
Erdheim-Chester Disease
• ECD is a clonal systemic histiocytosis with inflammation and fibrosis. •
The median age at diagnosis is 55 years,
•
•
•
•
multisystem disease.
Long bones are involved in >90% of cases.
Infiltration of the retroperitoneum (58%) or around the aorta (46%)
Histology
– infiltration of foamy, lipid-laden, and/or small mononuclear
histiocytes associated with Touton giant cells, small lymphocytes,
plasma cells, and neutrophils.
– Fibrosis is usually present and is sometimes predominant.
• IHC
– Histiocytes are positive for CD163, CD68, and CD14 and negative for
CD1a and CD207.
Erdheim-Chester Disease
UNDIFFERENTIATED SMALL ROUND
CELL
SARCOMAS OF BONE AND SOFT TISSUE
UNDIFFERENTIATED SMALL ROUND CELL
SARCOMAS OF BONE AND SOFT TISSUE
2013 WHO Classification
• Ewing sarcoma
2020 WHO Classification
• Ewing sarcoma
• Round cell sarcoma
EWSR1–non-ETS fusions
• CIC-rearranged sarcoma
with
• Sarcoma with BCOR genetic
alterations
UNDIFFERENTIATED SMALL ROUND CELL
SARCOMAS OF BONE AND SOFT TISSUE
• Small round cell sarcomas histologically resembling ES but
lacking fusions between the EWSR1 gene and ETS family of
transcription factors.
• The new chapter includes ES and 3 main categories
1. Round cell sarcoma with EWSR1–non-ETS fusions
2. CIC-rearranged sarcoma
3. Sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations.
• Although these tumors show overlapping histologic features,
most exhibit characteristic molecular and clinical features.
Ewing sarcoma
• Small round cell sarcoma with gene fusions involving one
member of the FET family of genes (usually EWSR1) and a
member of the ETS family of transcription factors.
• ES is the second most common malignant bone tumor in
children and young adults, after osteosarcoma.
• 85% - EWSR1- FLI1 fusions
• 10% - EWSR1-ERG fusions.
Round Cell Sarcomas with EWSR1–non-ETS
Fusions
• Round cell sarcomas with EWSR1–non-ETS fusions are rare,
• EWSR1 or FUS fusions involving unrelated to the ETS gene
family.
• It occurs in children and adults .
• The genes involved in EWSR1/FUS fusions include NFATC2 and
PATZ1.
1. EWSR1-NFATC2 sarcomas arise predominantly in the long
bones than soft tissue.
2. FUS-NFATC2 sarcomas occur exclusively in the long bones
3. EWSR1-PATZ1 sarcomas arise in the deep soft tissue of the
chest wall and abdomen.
Histology
• EWSR1-NFATC2 and FUS-NFATC2 sarcomas
– composed of small to medium-sized round and/or spindled tumor cells.
– The tumor cells are predominantly arranged in cords, small nests,
trabeculae, and pseudoacinar patterns – in fibrohyaline or myxohyaline
stroma.
– nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, and cytoplasmic clearing can
be seen.
• IHC
– diffusely express CD99 in half of cases, – PAX7 and NKX2.2 may be
expressed.
• EWSR1-PATZ1 sarcomas.
– Tumor cells may show mild atypia with coarse chromatin – Necrosis and
mitotic activity may or may not be evident.
• IHC
– Coexpression of myogenic markers (e.g., desmin, myogenin,MYOD1) and
neurogenic markers (eg, S100 protein, SOX10,and GFAP) is present
CIC-rearranged Sarcoma
•
High-grade round cell undifferentiated sarcoma defined by CICrelated gene fusions ( CIC-DUX4 )
•
Wide age range , from children to elderly adults.
•
Most tumors occur in the deep soft tissues of the limbs, trunk,
head, neck, and retroperitoneum.
•
Primary osseous involvement is rare (<5%).
Histology
•
Diffuse sheets of undifferentiated round cells, with a lobulated
growth pattern. Spindled or epithelioid tumor cells may be
partially present.
• The tumor cells often reveal a mild degree of nuclear
pleomorphism with vesicular chromatin and prominent
nucleoli and a moderate amount of lightly eosinophilic or clear
cytoplasm.
•
The mitotic rate is usually high and necrosis is common.
• Myxoid stromal changes are present in one-third of the cases.
•
IHC
–
express CD99 in a patchy pattern.
– WT1 and ETV4 are expressed in most cases.
–
Diffuse and strong nuclear expression of DUX4 is consistently
present.
CIC-rearranged Sarcoma
Sarcoma With BCOR Genetic
Alterations
• Sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations are uncommon and are
divided into 2 groups:
1. Sarcomas with BCOR-related gene fusions, BCOR-CCNB3
2. Sarcomas with BCOR internal tandem duplication (BCOR-ITD)
1. BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas
• predilection for children
• common in bone than soft tissue
• predilection for the pelvis, lower limbs, and paraspinal
region.
– composed of primitive small round to ovoid cells –
arranged in solid sheets or a vague nesting pattern –
surrounded by a rich capillary network.
Histology
1. Sarcomas with BCOR-ITD
• occur within the first year of life
• mainly in the soft tissues of the trunk, retroperitoneum,
head, and neck
– variable degrees of cellularity
– ranging from solid sheets of small primitive cells to
– hypocellular areas of dispersed spindle cells, within a
myxoid matrix and delicate vessels .
• IHC
– most cases show BCOR and CCNB3 positivity.
– SATB2, TLE1 and cyclin D1 are also expressed
– CD99 is positive in approximately 50% of cases.
BCOR-ITD sarcomas
Summery
Category
New Entities
and Subtypes
Biological
Potential
Notochordal
tumors
Poorly
differentiated
chordoma
Malignant
Other mesenchymal
tumors of bone
Hibernoma of bone
Benign
Fibrocartilaginous
mesenchymoma
Intermediate
Dedifferentiated adamantinoma
Malignant
Undifferentiated
small round cell
sarcomas of bone
and soft tissue
Round cell sarcoma with EWSR1– Malignant
non-ETS fusions
CIC-rearranged sarcoma
Malignant
Sarcoma with BCOR genetic
alterations
Malignant
New tumor entities and subtypes
Tumor Entities
WHO Classification
WHO Classification
Chondroblastoma
Intermediate (rarely Benign tumor
metastasizing)
Chondromyxoid
fibroma
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Benign tumor
Synovial
chondromatosis
Benign tumor
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
ACT/CS1
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
ACT. Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
CS1.
Malignant
tumor
Aneurysmal bone
cyst
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Benign tumor
OFD-like
adamantinoma
Malignant tumor
Intermediate
(locally aggressive)
Changes in Biological Potential
Changes in Biological Potential
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO Classification 2020 WHO Classification
Langerhans cell
histiocytosis
Intermediate
(locally
aggressive)
Langerhans cell
histiocytosis NOS. :
Intermediate
Langerhans cell
histiocytosis,
disseminated :
Malignant
Erdheim-Chester
disease
Intermediate
(locally
aggressive)
Malignant tumor
Tumors removed
Tumor Entities
2013 WHO Classification
2020 WHO Classification
Benign fibrous
histiocytoma
Fibrohistiocytic
tumor
Removed
Giant cell lesion of
the small bones
Osteoclastic giant
cell rich tumor
Removed
Liposarcoma
Lipogenic tumor
Removed
Thank you
Download