CLASS: BSCE 6th
ASSIGNMENT NO: 1
SESSION: SPRING 2022
Q1) Write a short report where you compare 4004, 8086 and the latest CPU
available today.
4004 Intel
The Intel 4004 microprocessor was released in 1971, and it was the first commercial
microprocessor that was completely integrated into a single chip. The 4004 was designed by
Federico Fagin and ran at 740KHz with a four-bit microarchitecture. The MCS-4 series of chips
included the 4004, which was designed primarily for use in calculators, cash registers, ATMs
(automated teller machines), and other small business applications.
FEATURES: The 4004 was equipped with a 4-bit processor. The data was saved in an
external register, while the instructions were stored in ROM (read-only memory). A 4-bit address
bus was used by the 4004. There were also the following features:
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740 kHz is the maximum clock speed.
92600 commands per second are possible.
Data and software storage are kept separate.
12-bit addresses are used.
Instructions that are 8 bits long.
Words with four bits
Intel 8086
The Intel 8086 Microprocessor is an improved version of the Intel 8085 Microprocessor, which
was introduced in 1976. It's a 16-bit microprocessor with 20 address lines and 16 data lines, and
it can store up to 1MB of data. It contains a sophisticated instruction set that facilitates
operations like as multiplication and division. It has two modes of operation, which are
Maximum and Minimum. Maximum mode is appropriate for systems with several processors,
whereas Minimum mode is appropriate for systems with only one CPU.
FEATURES: The following are the most notable characteristics of an 8086 microprocessor:
It has an instruction queue that can store six instruction bytes from memory, allowing it to
process data faster. It was the first 16-bit processor, featuring a 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers, a
16-bit internal data bus, and a 16-bit external data bus for quicker processing. It comes in three
different variants depending on how often you use it.
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5MHz, 8086
8MHz, 8086-2
10 MHz (c)8086-1
It enhances performance by using two stages of pipelining, namely the Fetch Stage and the
Execute Stage. Up to 6 bytes of instructions can be prefetched and stored in the queue by the
fetch stage. These instructions are carried out by the Execute stage.
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There are 256 vectored interrupts on it.
There are 29,000 transistors in it.
Intel Core i9-12900K
Intel launched the Core i9-12900K, a 64-bit hexadeca-core high-end performance x86 desktop
microprocessor, in late 2021. This processor is built on Intel's Intel 7 technology and is based on
the Alder Lake microarchitecture. The i9-12900K is a multicore heterogeneous SoC with eight
large Golden Cove cores and eight tiny Gracepoint cores. The large cores run at 3.2 GHz, with
Turbo Boost speeds up to 5.1 GHz and Turbo Boost Max speeds up to 5.2 GHz. The tiny cores
run at 2.4 GHz, with Turbo Boost speeds reaching 3.9 GHz. This processor has a maximum
turbo power of 241 W and a base power of 125 W.
FEATURES:
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Total Cores 16.
Performance-cores 8.
Efficient-cores 8.
Total Threads 24.
Max Turbo Frequency 5.20 GHz.
Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 Frequency ‡ 5.20 GHz.
Performance-core Max Turbo Frequency 5.10 GHz.
Efficient-core Max Turbo Frequency 3.90 GHz.
Q2) (8086) Write a SUB instruction that will:
Write this in emu8086 and show result (1) (CL02)
(a) subtract BX from CX
(b) subtract 0EEH from DH
(c) subtract DI from SI
(d) subtract the data addressed by SI from CH
(e) subtract AL from memory location FROG