PIE CHART
LƯU Ý KHI VIẾT DẠNG PIE CHART
1. Dàn bài như thường lệ sẽ gồm 4 đoạn
- Introduction
- Overview
- Body 1 &
- Body 2
+ Comment
- Không có khoảng thời gian  simple present
- Không có sự thay đổi theo thời gian
o  không dùng cấu trúc/ từ vựng mô tả xu hướng ( increase/decrease)
o  sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh số liệu
- Subject = “expenses”  chủ đề chi tiêu, tiêu dung  từ vựng, cấu trúc paraphrase cho từ “expenses”
o S + spend + $ + buying
o Expenses/ Expenditure/ Spending/ Cost
+ Introduction: Paraphrase lại đề bài.
The graphs below show a comparison of the expenses in the UK and the US
 The given pie charts compare the UK and the US in terms of different categories of expenditures
- Cấu trúc: “S + compare + A & B + in terms of Subject ”
+ Overview: Viết 2 câu mô tả 2 đặc điểm chung/nổi bật của biểu đồ. Lưu ý không đưa số liệu cụ thể vào phần
này
- Nếu pie chart KHÔNG có sự thay đổi theo thời gian  KHÔNG có đặc điểm xu hướng, tăng/giảm,
lên/xuống
- Yếu tố lớn nhất/ nhỏ nhất
- Yếu tố bằng nhau
Overall, spending on rent and food accounts for the largest proportions of expenses in both the UK and the US.
In addition, people in both countries spend a similar percentage of their budget on the remaining four categories
- “account for” : nguyên nhân của …, chiếm được  thường dùng cho pie chart
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+ Body 1 & Body 2: để nhóm thông tin và phân khổ, chú ý
Body 1
Pie: max/min
Còn lại
Pie: có số liệu bằng nhau Còn lại
Body 2
- Body 1: nhóm 3 yếu tố bằng nhau: DVDs, transport, going out
The percentage of spending on DVDs is exactly the same in both nations, 10%. Likewise, people in UK and
America spend 15% of their expenditures on transport. People in the UK and the US both spend 15% of total
expenses on going out
- Body 2: nhóm còn lại: max (rent, food) + books
In the UK, the largest expenditure is for rent, at 30%, while the figure for the US is just 20%. In terms of food,
the figure for the US is slightly more than that of the UK, at 25% and 18%, respectively. Finally, the Americans
spend 3% on books than their counterparts in the UK.
2. Notes: Trong pie chart,
- Chọn thông tin quan trọng
- Các số liệu đưa ra thường chính xác, không có số liệu xấp xỉ
- So sánh các thông tin với nhau
3. Sentence structure
- the percentage of spending on A is exactly the same in both nations, X%.
- people in UK spend Y% of expenditures on B.
- people in US spend Z% of expenses on C
- in the UK, the largest expenditure is for D, at Z% while the figure for the US is Y%
- in terms of E, the figure for the US is more than that of UK, at X% and Y% repectively
- the Americans spend Y% on A than their counterparts in the UK
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Ví dụ 1: the average household expenditures in Japan and Malaysia
The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in Japan and Malaysia in the year 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Task 1 plan:
• paraphrase task heading
• summary paragraph – key features [1] identify 3 highest categories [2] proportion spent per household on
transport and health care in Japan were double the figures for Malaysia.
• Body 1: compare spending on 3 highest categories
• Body 2: compare expenditure on 2 lowest categories
Subject = the average household expenditures
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ANSWER
The charts compare the average household expenditures
spending in Japan and Malaysia in terms of five important
categories in 2010.
Overall, it is clear that householders in both countries spent the largest proportion of their income on
just three categories – housing, food and other goods and services. The percentage figures for spending on
transport and healthcare in Japan were double those for Malaysia.
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In Malaysian households, the highest category was housing,
housing which represented 34% of the total
expenditure. Whereas this was higher than in Japan, with just 21%
21 spent on housing, Japanese householders
spent the highest proportion on a range of other goods and services, at 29
29%. This was slightly more than in
27 for Malaysia and
Malaysia. In terms of food, the figures for both countries were similar, at 27%
24 and 24%
Japan respectively.
Expenditure on health care was the lowest category. In Japan, this accounted for 6%
6 of the total, while
20%
20 of household spending went on transport. These figures were exactly double those shown for Malaysia.
Ví dụ 2: the online shopping sales for retail sectors
The two pie charts below show the online shopping sales for retail sectors in Canada in 2005 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Task 1 plan:
• paraphrase task heading
• summary paragraph – key features [1] changes in the percentages for the different sectors during the period
[2] while the figures for food and beverages and also video games increased, the figures for the other two
sectors fell.
• Body 1: details for the sectors with increased percentages.
• Body 2: details for the sectors with reduced percentages.
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ANSWER
The charts compare four retail sectors in Canada in terms of the proportion of their internet sales in
two years, 2005 and 2010.
Overall, the proportion of online sales for each of the four sectors changed significantly from 2005 to
2010. While the figures for food and beverages and also video games increased, the figures for the other two
sectors fell.
In 2005, the proportion of online sales of food and beverages was 22%, but this rose to 32% in 2010.
The percentage for internet sales of video games also went up, by 5% from the 2005 figure of 18%.
In contrast, the percentages of the online sales of the other sectors decreased. The most dramatic fall
was in the home furnishings retail sector. While this figure was 25% of the total online sales of these four
sectors in 2005, it fell to just 15% in 2010. There was also a decrease in the electronics and appliances sector,
which saw a fall from 35% in 2005 to 30% in 2010.
IELTS Grammar: number, amount, proportion, figure
number
- Use "the number of + plural noun" e.g. the number of visitors.
- Don't use it to describe percentages or uncountable nouns e.g. money.
amount
- Use "the amount of + uncountable noun" e.g. the amount of money.
- Don't use it with countable nouns e.g. the amount of person/people.
proportion
- Only use this to describe percentages (not numbers).
- Use "the proportion of + plural noun" e.g. the proportion of people.
figure
- Use "the figure for + plural noun" e.g. the figure for visitors to the UK.
- Use it with uncountable nouns e.g. the figure for unemployment.
- Use it with countries e.g. the figure for Canada. - Use it with percentages e.g. the figure (for...) rose to 10%.
Note: "the figure for" can be used in almost any situation.
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Ví dụ 3: electricity generation by source in New Zealand and Germany
The pie charts below show electricity generation by source in New Zealand and Germany in 1980 and
2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Task 1 plan:
• paraphrase task heading
• summary paragraph – key features [1] more units of electricity were used in both countries in 2010 than in
1980 [2] in 2010 nuclear power became the predominant fuel source in Germany, in contrast to coal in NZ.
• Body 1: compare total units of electricity generated in both countries in 1980 and 2010.
• Body 2: compare the fuel sources in both 1980 in NZ and Germany.
• Body 3. do the same for 2010. Note changes over the two years.
ANSWER
The charts compare the units of electricity produced in New Zealand and Germany in 1980 and 2010
from 5 fuel sources.
Overall, more units of electricity were produced in 2010 than in 1980 in both countries. In 2010, most
electricity was produced by nuclear power in Germany and by coal in New Zealand.
(In 1980, total electricity production was higher in New Zealand than in Germany, with 127 and 107
units respectively. By 2010, the total electricity generated rose to 200 units in New Zealand, but increased in
Germany to 214 units.)
In 1980, coal was the main source of electricity in New Zealand. It produced 56 units, which was twice
the figure for Germany. Natural gas and hydro each accounted for 30 units in New Zealand, with 11 units for
coal. In contrast, in Germany, the figures for natural gas, nuclear and hydro power were 28 units, 20 units and
only 7 units respectively.
There were 2 main sources of electricity production in New Zealand in 2010, coal [150 units] and hydro
[46 units]. Nuclear power was used to generate 155 units in Germany. Although the figure for natural gas fell to
only 2 units, coal [28 units] and petroleum [27 units] remained significant.
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