IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 1 DIGNITY, FACE, AND HONOR NORMS Please indicate how frequently people in your culture think, feel, or act in the ways described in each statement. 1. People should minimize conflict in social relationships at all costs. 2. How much a person respects himself is far more important than how much others respect him. 3. People must always be ready to defend their honor. 4. People should NOT care what others around them think. 5. It is important to promote oneself to others. 6. People always need to show off their power in front of their competitors. 7. It is important to maintain harmony within one’s group. 8. People should be very humble to maintain good relationships. 9. People should speak their mind. 10. People should control their behavior in front of others. Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very Infrequently Infrequently Somewhat Infrequently Neither Frequently nor Infrequently Somewhat Frequently Frequently Very Frequently IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 2 11. People should be extremely careful not to embarrass other people. 12. People should make decisions based on their own opinions and not based on what others think. 13. People should stand up for what they believe in even when others disagree. 14. People should never criticize others in public. 15. Men need to protect their women’s reputation at all costs. 16. You must punish people who insult you. 17. People should be true to themselves regardless of what others think. 18. If a person gets insulted and they don’t respond, he or she will look weak. Source: Based on a questionnaire by Laura Severance and Michele Gelfand and used with their permission. Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 3 Honor Scale Using the 7-point rating scale, please indicate how bad people in your culture would feel in each of the following situations. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Extremely Bad Very Bad Bad Somewhat Bad A Little Bad Not Too Bad Not Bad at All 1. Their family had a bad reputation? 2. They betrayed other people? 3. They wore provocative clothes? Please indicate how bad people in your culture would feel in each of the following situations. 4. They lacked authority over your own family? 5. They were not loyal to their own values and principles? 6. They were known as someone who has had many different sexual partners? 7. They did something to damage their family’s reputation? Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 4 8. They had the reputation of being dishonest with others? 9. They had sexual relations before marriage? 10. They were unable to support their own family economically? 11. They lied to others? 12. They slept with someone without starting a serious relationship with that person? 13. They were unable to defend their family’s reputation? 14. They were known as someone who lacks authority over their own family? 15. They changed their boyfriend or girlfriend often? 16. They let other people insult their family? 17. You were hypocritical? 18. Their sister or mother had the reputation of sleeping around? 19. They did not keep their word? 20. They were known as someone who cannot support a family? Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 5 21. They had not yet had a sexual relationship? 22. They were known as someone whom it is easy to sleep with? 23. They had the reputation of being someone who is not to be trusted? 24. They had the reputation of being someone without sexual experience? Source: Based on a questionnaire by Patricia Rodriguez Mosquera and used with her permission. Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 6 Scoring for the Severance and Gelfand Scale Dignity: Items 2, 4, 9, 12, 13, and 17, add scores and divide by 6 to compare to norms below. Face: Items 1, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 14, add scores and divide by 6 to compare to norms below. Honor: Items 3, 5, 6, 15, 16, and 18, add scores and divide by 6. This scale did not have adequate reliability in our samples and so norms are not reproduced. Reference: Severance, L., and Gelfand, M. J. (2013). “A Measure of Honor, Face, and Dignity Orientations.” Unpublished research scale. Scoring for the Rodriguez Mosquera Honor Scale Moral integrity: Items 2, 5, 8, 11, 17, 19, and 23, add scores and divide by 7 to compare to norms below. Family honor: Items 1, 7, 13, and 16, add scores and divide by 4 to compare to norms below. Feminine honor: Items 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 22, add scores and divide by 7 to compare to norms below. Masculine honor: Items 4, 10, 14, 20, 21, and 24, add scores and divide by 6 to compare to norms below. Reference: Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Manstead, A.S.R., and Fischer, A. H. (2002). “The Role of Honor Concerns in Emotional Reactions to Offenses.” Cognition and Emotion, 16(1), 143–163. Normative data from studies conducted by S. Aslani, J. Ramirez-Marin, and Z. Semnani, 2012–2013. Data were from university undergraduate students from elite universities. Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 7 Prototype U.S.: Caucasian American U.S.: Asian Dignity (Severance Face (Severance and Honor (Rodriguez and Gelfand) Gelfand) Mosquera ) M = 4.87 SD = 0.81 M = 4.62 SD = 0.80 M = 5.05 SD = 1.01 α = .752 α = .757 α = .857 M = 3.97 SD= 0.95 M = 5.32 SD = 0.71 M = 5.59 SD = 0.72 Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett IG 204 – International Negotiation Dr. Beverly Quaresima – 2022 Spring/Summer Chapter 2 – Dignity, Face, and Honor Norms 8 American α = .823 α = .723 α = .690 Qatar M = 4.43 SD = 1.18 M = 5.38 SD = 0.85 M = 6.55 SD = 0.62 α = .780 α = .647 α = .753 M = 5.68 SD = 0.79 M = 5.85 SD = 0.75 M = 5.53 SD = 0.78 α = .635 α = .709 α = .781 Spain Copyright © 2014 by Jimena Ramirez-Marin and Jeanne M. Brett
