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More peds ati notes - helps studying
pediatric (Arizona College of Nursing)
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Question - 1
A nurse is creating a plan of care for a school-age child who has heart disease and has developed heart
failure. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Provide small, frequent meals for the child. The metabolic rate of a child who has heart failure is
hight because of poor cardiac function. Therefore, the nurse should provide small, frequent meals for
the child because it helps to conserve energy.
Question - 2
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has a Pavlik harness for the treatment of developmental
dysplasia of the hip. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the parent
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will place my infant's diapers under the harness straps". To prevent soiling of the harness, the
parent should apply the infant's diaper under the straps.
Question - 3
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI)
and has a sodium level of 129 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in
the plan?
Initiate seizure precautions for the child. A sodium level of 129 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia
and places the child at increased risk for neurological deficits and seizure activity. The nurse should
complete a neurologic assessment and implement seizure precautions to maintain the child's safety.
Question - 4
A nurse is assessing a school-age child immediately following a perforated appendix repair. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
Absence of peristalsis. The nurse should expect absence of peristalsis immediately following a
perforated appendix repair, until the bowel resumes functioning.
Question - 5
A nurse is preparing an adolescent for a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take?
Apply topical analgesic cream to the site 1 hr prior to the procedure. The nurse should apply a
topical analgesic to the lumbar site 1 hr prior to the procedure to decrease the adolescent's pain while
the lumbar needle is inserted.
Question - 6
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving cefazolin via intermittent IV bolus. The child
suddenly develops diffuse flushing of the skin and angioedema. After discontinuing the medication
infusion, which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
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Epinephrine. This child is most likely experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to the cefazolin.
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first administer epinephrine to treat the
anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is a beta adrenergic agonist that stimulates the heart, causes vasoconstriction
of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes, and triggers bronchodilation in the lungs.
Question - 7
A nurse is teaching the parent of a preschooler about ways to prevent acute asthma attacks. Which of
the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should keep my child indoors when I mow the yard’’. The nurse should instruct the parent to
keep the preschooler indoors during lawn maintenance or when the pollen count is increased. Guarding
against exposure to known allergens found outdoors, such as grass, tree, and weed pollen, will decrease
the frequency of the preschooler's asthma attacks.
Question - 8
A nurse is proving dietary teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has celiac disease. The nurse
should recommend that the parent offer which of the following foods to the child?
White rice. The nurse should recommend that the parent offer white rice to the child because it
is a gluten-free food. The nurse should instruct the parent that the child will remain on a lifelong glutenfree diet and the child should not consume oats, rye, barley, or wheat, and sometimes lactose deficiency
can be secondary to this disease.
Question - 9
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a school-age child who is experiencing fatigue. Which of the
following findings should the nurse recognize as an indication of anemia?
Hematocrit 28%. The nurse should recognize that this hematocrit level is below the expected
reference range of 32% to 44% for a school-age child. The child can exhibit fatigue, lightheadedness,
tachycardia, dyspnea, and pallor due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
Question - 10
A nurse is preparing to collect a sample from a toddler for a sickle-turbidity test. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
Perform a finger stick. The nurse should perform a finger stick on a toddler as a component of
the sickle-turbidity test. If the test is positive, hemoglobin electrophoresis is required to distinguish
between children who have the genetic trait and children who have the disease.
Question - 11
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who has meningitis. Which of the following findings is the priority
for the nurse to report to the provider?
Petechiae on the lower extremities. The presence of a petechial or purpuric rash on a child who
is ill can indicate the presence of meningococcemia. This type of rash indicates the greatest risk of
serious rapid complications from sepsis and should be reported immediately to the provider.
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Question - 12
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a ventricular septal defect. Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect?
Loud, harsh murmur. The nurse should expect to hear a loud, harsh murmur with a ventricular
septal defect due to the left-to-right shunting of blood, which contributes to hypertrophy of the infant's
heart muscle.
Question - 13
A nurse is creating a plan of care for an infant who has an epidural hematoma from a head injury. Which
of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Implement seizure precautions for the infant. An infant who has an epidural hematoma is at
great risk for seizure activity. Therefore, the nurse should implement seizure precautions for the child.
Question - 14
A nurse is caring for an adolescent who received a kidney transplant. Which of the following findings
should the nurse identify as an indication the adolescent is rejecting the kidney?
Serum creatinine 3.0 mg/dL. Creatinine is a byproduct of protein metabolism and is excreted
from the body through the kidneys. An elevated serum creatinine level, therefore, can be an indication
that the kidneys are not functioning. The nurse should identify that the adolescent's serum creatinine
level is higher than the expected reference range of 0.4 to 1.0 mg/dL for an adolescent and can indicate
rejection of the kidney.
Question - 15
A nurse in an emergency department is performing an admission assessment on a 2 week-old male
newborn. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
Substernal retractions. When using the airway, breathing, and circulation approach to client
care, the nurse should determine that the priority finding to report to the provider is substernal
retractions. This finding indicates the newborn is experiencing increased respiratory effort, which could
quickly progress to respiratory failure.
Question - 16
A hospice nurse is caring for a preschooler who has a terminal illness. The father tells the nurse that he
cannot cope anymore and has decided to move out of the house. Which of the following statements
should the nurse make?
"Let's talk about some of the ways you have handled previous stressors in your life”. This
statement offers a general lead to allow the parent to express their feelings and previous actions when
faced with stressful situations. It also helps the parent to focus on ways that they can cope with the
current situation.
Question - 17
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A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an adolescent who has severe abdominal pain due to
appendicitis. Which of the following locations should the nurse identify as McBurney's point?
The nurse should identify this area of the client's abdomen as McBurney's point. This area of
the right lower quadrant located about two-thirds of the way between the umbilicus and the client's
anterosuperior iliac spine is the area where a client who has appendicitis is most likely to report pain and
tenderness.
Question - 18
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a 7 year-old child who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of
the following lab values should the nurse report to the provider?
Hgb 8.5 g/dL. A child receiving chemotherapy is at risk for anemia due to the chemotherapy
effects on the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. The development of anemia is diagnosed through
laboratory testing of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse should recognize that a hemoglobin
level of 8.5 g/dL is below the expected reference range of 10 to 15.5 g/dL for a 7-year-old child and
should be reported to the provider.
Question- 19
A nurse is caring for a 15 year-old client who is married and is scheduled for a surgical procedure. The
client asks, "who should sign my surgical consent?" Which of the following responses should the nurse
make?
"You can sign the consent form because you are married”. The nurse should inform the
adolescent that marriage gives adolescents the legal right to consent to surgical procedures and sign
other legal documents that they would not otherwise be able to sign due to their age.
Question - 20
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following developmental
milestones should the nurse expect to observe?
Cuts an outlined shape using scissors. The nurse should recognize that an expected
developmental milestone of a 4-year-old child is using scissors to cut out a shape.
Question - 21
A nurse is caring for an infant who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which of the following actions
should the nurse implement for infection control?
Have a designated stethoscope in the infant's room. The nurse should initiate droplet
precautions for an infant who has RSV because the virus is spread by direct contact with respiratory
secretions. Therefore, designated equipment, such as a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope, should be
placed in the infant's room.
Question - 22
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who has appendicitis and rates their
abdominal pain as 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
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Give morphine 0.05mg/kg IV. A pain level of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 is considered severe. The
nurse should administer an analgesic medication for pain relief.
Question - 23
A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 10-year-old child following a burn injury. The nurse should identify
that which of the following findings in an indication of early septic shock?
Temperature 39.1° C (102.4° F). The nurse should identify that a temperature of 39.1° C (102.4°
F) is above the expected reference range of 37° to 37.5° C (98.6° to 99.5° F) for a 10-year-old child. The
nurse should expect a child who has early septic shock to have a fever and chills.
Question - 24
A school nurse is assessing an adolescent who has multiple burns in various stages of healing. Which of
the following behaviors should the nurse identify as a possible indication of physical abuse?
Denies discomfort during assessment of injuries. The nurse should suspect child maltreatment
in the form of physical abuse if the adolescent has a blunted response to painful stimuli or injury.
Question - 25
A nurse is caring for a 15 year-old client following a head injury. Which of the following findings should
the nurse identify as an indication that the child is developing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone secretion (SIADH)?
Mental confusion. A child who has a head injury can develop SIADH as a result of altered
pituitary function, leading to an oversecretion of antidiuretic hormone. Oversecretion of antidiuretic
hormone leads to a decrease in urine output, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolality due to overhydration.
As the hyponatremia becomes more severe, mental confusion and other neurologic manifestations such
as seizures can occur.
Question - 26
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has spastic (pyramidal) cerebral palsy. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
-Ankle clonus
-Exaggerated stretch reflexes
-Contractures
Question - 27
A nurse in a provider's office if preparing to administer immunizations to a toddler during a well-child
visit. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Withhold the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The nurse should recognize that an
allergy to neomycin with an anaphylactic reaction is a contraindication for receiving the MMR vaccine.
Clients who have a severe allergy to eggs or gelatin should not receive this vaccine.
Question - 28
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A school nurse is assessing an adolescent who has scoliosis. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
A unilateral rib hump. When assessing an adolescent for scoliosis, the school nurse should
expect to see a unilateral rib hump with hip flexion. This results from a lateral S- or C-shaped curvature
to the thoracic spine resulting in asymmetry of the ribs, shoulders, hips, or pelvis. Scoliosis can be the
result of a neuromuscular or connective tissue disorder, or it can be congenital in nature.
Question - 29
A nurse is caring for a preschooler whose father is going home for a few hours while another relative
stays with the child. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to explain to the child
when their father will return?
"Your daddy will be back after you eat”. Preschoolers make sense of time best when they can
associate it with an expected daily routine, such as meals and bedtime. Therefore, the child
comprehends time best when it is explained to them in relation to an event they are familiar with, such
as eating.
Question - 30
The nurse is caring for a preschooler who has been receiving IV fluids via a peripheral IV catheter. When
preparing to discontinue the IV fluids and catheter, which of the following actions should the nurse plan
to take?
First, the nurse should turn off the IV pump. Next, the nurse should occlude the IV tubing, and
then remove the tape securing the catheter. Last, the nurse should apply pressure over the catheter
insertion site.
Question - 31
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has experienced a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take during the immediate postictal period?
Place the child in a side-lying position. The nurse should place the child in a side-lying position
to prevent aspiration.
Question - 32
A nurse is teaching the guardian of a 6-month-old infant about car seat use. Which of the following
statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should secure the car seat using lower anchors and tethers instead of the seat belt”. Lower
anchors and tethers, or the LATCH child safety seat system, should be used to secure an infant's car seat
in the vehicle. This system provides anchors between the front cushion and the back rest for the car seat.
Therefore, if this system is available, the seat belt does not have to be used.
Question - 33
A nurse in an urgent care clinic is assessing an adolescent who has an upper respiratory tract infection.
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of pertussis?
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Dry, hacking cough. The nurse should identify that a dry, hacking cough is a manifestation of
pertussis. This disease usually begins with indications of an upper respiratory tract infection, which
includes a dry, hacking cough that is sometimes more severe at night.
Question - 34
A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following actions
should the nurse plan to take?
Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle. The nurse should administer an
immunization for a 4-year-old child using a 22- to 25- gauge needle to minimize the amount of pain the
child experiences.
Question - 35
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who is 1 week postoperative following
a cleft palate repair. For which of the following members of the inter professional team should the nurse
initiate a referral?
Speech therapist. The nurse should initiate a referral for a speech therapist for a child who is
postoperative following a cleft palate repair. A child who has a cleft palate will require speech therapy
immediately following the repair to support speech development and future articulation.
Question - 36
A school nurse is preparing to administer atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day PO to a school aged child who
weights 75 lbs. Available is atomoxetine 40 mg/capsule. How many capsules should the nurse administer
per day?
1 capsule
Question - 37
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following
manifestations should alert the nurse to a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Flank pain. The nurse should recognize that flank pain is caused by the breakdown of RBCs and
is an indication of a hemolytic reaction to the blood transfusion.
Question - 38
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a toddler who has a partial thickness burns on their
right arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Cleanse the affected area with mild soap and water. The nurse should wash the affected area
with mild soap and water to remove any loose tissue that could cause infection.
Question - 39
A nurse is auscultating the lungs of an adolescent who has asthma. The nurse should identify the sound
as which of the following?
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Tachypnea. The nurse should identify the sound heard during auscultation as tachypnea, which
is a rapid, regular breathing pattern. This breathing pattern often occurs with anxiety, fever, metabolic
acidosis, or severe anemia.
Question - 40
A nurse is reviewing the lumbar puncture results of a school-age child suspected of having bacterial
meningitis. Which of the following results should the nurse identify as a finding associated with bacterial
meningitis?
Increased protein concentration. The nurse should identify that an increased protein
concentration in the spinal fluid is a finding that can indicate bacterial meningitis.
Question - 41
A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following manifestations
should the nurse report to the provider?
Respiratory rate 45/min. The nurse should identify that a respiratory rate of 45/min is above the
expected reference range of 20 to 25/min for a 3-year-old toddler and can indicate respiratory
dysfunction and acute respiratory distress. Therefore, the nurse should report this finding to the
provider.
Question - 42
A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the
tibia. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the parents indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
"My child will receive antibiotics for several weeks”. The nurse should instruct the parent that
the child will receive antibiotic therapy for at least 4 weeks. Surgery might be indicated if the antibiotics
are not successful.
Question - 43
A nurse is providing teaching about social development to the parents of a preschooler. Which of the
following play activities should the nurse recommend for the child?
Playing dress-up. The nurse should instruct the parents that at the preschool age, play should
focus on social, mental, and physical development. Therefore, playing dress-up is a recommended play
activity for this child.
Question - 44
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an infant who is receiving treatment for severe dehydration.
The nurse should identify that which of the following laboratory values indicates effectiveness of the
current treatment?
Sodium 140 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that a sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the
expected reference range of 134 to 150 mEq/L and indicates the current treatment regimen the infant is
receiving for dehydration is effective.
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Question - 45
A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is scheduled for hydrotherapy treatment for wound debridement
following a burn injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to the procedure?
Administer an analgesic to the child. Hydrotherapy for debridement of a wound is an extremely
painful procedure which requires analgesia and/or sedation. When pain is controlled, it leads to reduced
physiological demands on the body caused by stress and decreases the likelihood of children developing
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Question - 46
A charge nurse in an emergency department is preparing an in-service for a group of newly licensed
nurses on the clinical manifestations of child maltreatment. Which of the following manifestations
should the charge nurse include as suggestive of potential physical abuse?
Symmetric burns of the lower extremities. The nurse should include that symmetric burns to
the lower extremities can indicate physical abuse. The patterns are usually characteristic of the method
or object used, such as cigar or cigarette burns, or burns in the shape of an iron.
Question - 47
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who in in Buck's traction following a leg fracture 24 hr ago. Which
of the following actions should the nurse take?
Assess peripheral pulses once every 4 hr. Buck's traction is a type of skin traction that can be
used to immobilize extremities prior to surgery. The nurse should provide frequent neurovascular checks
at least every 4 hr after the first 24 hr of placement in Buck's traction. The nurse should monitor and
report signs of neurovascular impairment in the extremities such as cyanosis, edema, pain, absent
pulses, and tingling.
Question - 48
A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has a serum lead level of 4 mcg/dL. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
Schedule the toddler for a yearly rescreening. The nurse should schedule the toddler for a lead
level rescreening in 1 year and educate the family on ways to prevent exposure.
Question - 49
A nurse is receiving change-of-shift report on four children. Which of the following children should the
nurse see first?
A school-age child who has sickle cell anemia and reports decreased vision in the left eye. When
using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine the priority finding is
a report of decreased vision in the left eye. This finding indicates that the child is experiencing a vasoocclusive crisis and should be reported to the provider immediately. Therefore, the nurse should see this
child first.
Question - 50
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A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant who has diaper dermatitis. The nurse should
instruct the parent to apply which of the following to the affected area?
Zinc oxide. Diaper dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder caused by contact with an
irritant such as urine, feces, soap, or friction, and takes the form of scaling, blisters, or papules with
erythema. Providing a protective barrier, such as zinc oxide, against the irritants allows the skin to heal.
Question - 51
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving chemotherapy and is severely
immunocompromised. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Screen the child's visitors for indications of infection. A child who is severely
immunocompromised is unable to adequately respond to infectious organisms, resulting in the potential
for overwhelming infection. Therefore, the nurse should screen the child's visitors for indications of
infection.
Question - 52
A nurse is assessing a toddler who has gastroenteritis and is exhibiting manifestations of dehydration.
Which of the following findings is the nurses priority?
Tachypnea. When using the airway, breathing, and circulation approach to client care, the
nurse's priority finding is the toddler's tachypnea. Tachypnea is a result of the kidneys being unable to
excrete hydrogen ions and produce bicarbonate, which leads to metabolic acidosis.
Question - 53
A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the
following statements by the child indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will give myself a shot of regular insulin 30 minutes before I eat breakfast”. The child should
administer regular insulin 30 min before meals so that the onset coincides with food intake.
Question - 54
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant about ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime”. The nurse should inform the parent that protective
factors against SIDS include breastfeeding and the use of a pacifier when the infant is sleeping.
Question - 55
The nurse is assessing a school-age child who has peritonitis. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
Abdominal distension. The nurse should identify that abdominal distention is an expected
finding of peritonitis. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the lining of the abdominal wall. This inflammation
in the abdomen, along with the ileus that develops, causes abdominal distention. Other manifestations
include chills, irritability, and restlessness.
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Question - 56
The nurse is interviewing the parent of an 18-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. The nurse
should identify that which of the following findings indicates a need to assess the toddler for hearing
loss?
The toddler received tobramycin during a hospitalization 2 weeks ago. The nurse should identify
tobramycin as an aminoglycoside, which is an ototoxic medication that can cause mild to moderate
hearing loss, and should assess the toddler for a hearing impairment.
Question - 57
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has a new prescription for oral
nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include?
"Shake the medication prior to administration”. The nurse should instruct the parent to shake
the medication prior to administration to disperse the medication evenly within the suspension.
Question - 58
A nurse is admitting a school-age child who has Pertussis. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take?
Initiate droplet precautions for the child. The nurse should initiate droplet precautions for a
child who has pertussis, also known as whooping cough. Pertussis is transmitted through contact with
infected large-droplet nuclei that are suspended in the air when the child coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Question - 59
A nurse is caring for a toddler who is experiencing acute diarrhea and has moderate dehydration. Which
of the following nutritional items should the nurse offer to the toddler?
Oral rehydration solution. A toddler who has acute diarrhea should consume an oral
rehydration solution to replace electrolytes and water by promoting the reabsorption of water and
sodium. This promotes recovery from dehydration.
Question - 60
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who is experiencing an anaphylactic
reaction. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
Administer epinephrine IM to the child. When using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client
care, the nurse should determine that the priority action is administering epinephrine IM to the child.
During an anaphylactic reaction, histamine release causes bronchoconstriction and vasodilation. This is
an emergency because ultimately this causes decreased blood return to the heart.
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