MINE SAFETY MONITORING AND ALERTING SYSTEM USING
ZIGBEE
SYNOPSIS
Today, safety of miners is a major challenge. Miner’s health and life is
vulnerable to several critical issues, which includes not only the working
environment, but also the after effect of it. To increase the productivity and reduce
the cost of mining along with consideration of the safety of workers, an innovative
approach is required. Coal mine safety monitoring system based on wireless
sensor network can timely and accurately reflect dynamic situation of staff in the
underground regions to ground computer system and mobile unit. The air
pollution from coal mines is mainly due to emissions of particulate matter and
gases include sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide
(CO) etc. To monitor the concentration level of harmful gases, semiconductor gas
sensors are used. Due to any reason miner’s falls down and lose consciousness
also proper treatment is not provided them at that time, so number of miners are
died. To overcome this problem the system provide emergency alert to the
supervisor if person fall down by any reason. Some workers are not aware for
safety and they are not wear helmet. A Limit switch was then used to successfully
determine whether a miner has removed his helmet or not. This system also
provides an early warning, which will be helpful to all miners present inside the
mine to save their life before any casualty occurs. The system uses Zigbee
technology for transmission of data. There is alert switch at receiver and
transmitter side for emergency purpose.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER:
POWER
SUPPLY
LCD
CO SENSOR
EMBEDDED
CONTROLLER
RF
TRANSCEIVER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
RECEIVER:
POWER
SUPPLY
LCD
RF
TRANSCEIVER
EMBEDDED
CONTROLLER
DRIVER
ALARM
BLOCK DISCRIPTION
This system categorized into two section-Transmitter and receiver unit. In
transmitter section used two sensors –temperature and Co sensors are connected
to Atmega328 controller. Controller receive the sensors data and to display the
LCD. Temperature sensor LM35 is used to measure temperature. CO sensor is
used to detect the concentrations of carbon monoxide in the air and outputs its
reading as an analog voltage. Atmega 328 used as controller. It is 8-bit and 28
Pins AVR Microcontroller. It consists of 28 pins. From these 28 pins, the inputs
can be controlled by transmitting and receiving the inputs to the external device.
These sensors values are given to controller and to display the value in LCD.
Controller to transmit the data to receiver unit through Zigbee (RF Transceiver)
module. In receiver unit, Zigbee receiver receive the data and is given to
controller. In receiver section we used AT89C51 micro controller. It has 40 pins.
Controller receive the sensors data and give the warning signal by using buzzer
through driver unit. Driver we use ULN2003. It is used to drive the alarm unit.
In receiver section also used LCD for message display.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER:
RECEIVER:
CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
The proposed circuit diagram is shown in figures 3.2. Power supply is used
in both transmitter and receiver unit, and it gives supply to all components. Power
supply is used to convert AC voltage into DC voltage. Transformer used to
convert 230V into 12V AC. 12V AC is given to diode. Diode range is 1N4007,
which is used to convert AC voltage into DC voltage. AC capacitor used to charge
AC components and discharge on ground. LM 7805 regulator is used to maintain
voltage as constant. Then the signal is given to next capacitor, which is used to
filter unwanted AC component. Load will be LED and resister. LED voltage is
1.75V. If voltage is above level beyond the limit, it will be dropped on resister.
This proposed circuit consists of three section transmitter, receiver and server
unit. In transmitter section we used atmega328 controller. It has 28 pins. Reset
switch is connected to controller port 1, for resetting purpose. Crystal oscillator
is connected to controller port 9 &10. It is used to give the clock signal to
controller. In transmitter section used two sensors like, temperature and CO
sensor. Temperature sensor (LM35) is connected to controller port A0. CO sensor
is connected to controller port A1. Controller receive the sensor data and display
the value in LCD display. It is connected to controller port D4 to D9. Controller
also send information to receiver unit through Zigbee (RF transceiver). The
receiver section used AT89C51 micro controller. Controller receive the
information from transmitter and to display the information in LCD display. If
any abnormal condition, receiver to drive the alarm signal through driver unit.
ADVANTAGES
 High efficiency
 High speed for data transfer
 Low cost
 High security
APPLICATIONS
 Home applications
 Industrial applications
 Electricity board
 Vehicle
 Mines, etc