DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH- REPORTED SPEECH
There are two parts in direct speech: Reporting Verb and Reporting speech. The part
before the inverted comma is called Reporting verb and the part inside the inverted
commas (“___”) is called Reported speech.
Eg: Maya said, “I dance well.”
R.V.-Reported verb (said)
Reported speech (I dance well)
Changing of Reported verbs and kinds of sentences
S.No. Kinds of sentences
1.
R.V.
Connectives
Assertive
Say, says, tell, said, That
A sentence that states a
told, stated,
fact. Such sentences are
informed, replied
simple statements.
2.
3.
Interrogative
i.
Yes/No
ii.
Wh question
Ask, asks, asked,
If/whether
wanted to know
Wh word or
Wh phrase
Imperative
Tell, order,
May convey a command,
command,
request, advice,
advise, request,
suggestion or instruction
suggest, warn,
to someone.
plead, beg,
To, not to
instruct, forbid
4.
Optative
Wished, blessed,
May convey a feeling
expressing a wish or
desire.
cursed, prayed
That
5.
Exclamatory
Exclaimed
That
Eg:Hurrah, Good, Fantastic,
Splendid, Bravo, Oh, Ha,
Ugh, Alas, Well done,
Thank goodness
Change in tenses: Things to remember
The reporting verb is in the
Verbs change in the indirect
past tense (said, told)
speech as follows
Am/is/are
Was/were
Was/were
Had been
Had been
(No change)
Has/have
Had
Had
(No change)
Do
Did
Did
Had done
Had done
(No change)
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Had to
Would/should/might/could/ought to
(No change)
When we refer to universal truths or
habitual action
The tense does not change
S.No.
Direct Speech
Reported speech
1.
Simple present tense
Simple past tense
2.
Present continuous tense
Past continuous tense
3.
Present perfect tense
Past perfect tense
4.
Present perfect continuous tense
Past perfect continuous tense
5.
Simple past tense
Past perfect tense
6.
Past continuous tense
Past perfect continuous tense
7.
Past perfect tense
Does not change
8.
Past perfect continuous tense
Does not change
Changes in words referring to time, place or position
S.No.
Direct Speech
Reported speech
1.
Here
There
2.
This
That
3.
These
Those
4.
Tomorrow
The day after/the following day
5.
Today
That day
6.
Yesterday
The day before/the previous day
7.
Tonight
That night
8.
Ago
Before
9.
Two days ago
Two days before
10.
Last week
The previous week
11.
Last month
The previous month
12.
Now
Then
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