Because the data points may not be positioned at zero on the x-axis, it is sometimes more
convenient to display the graph with appropriate scales where the x-axis scale begins at a
point larger than zero. If this is the case, you can get c by extending the line back to the yaxis using extrapolation.
A flaw in the actual experimental design or the apparatus utilized is linked to systematic
mistakes. The measured quantity will always be more or less than the true value due to
systematic errors.
Systematic mistakes are divided into three categories:
Errors in instrumentation and experimental methodology
personal mistakes