Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Stephen King| SIMULIA 1 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Agenda Overview Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics Applications of Abaqus capabilities Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations Summary 2 Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary? © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Pointseffects to consider Are temperature important? for simulations Which material model is appropriate? Is damage and failure modeling important? Is contact modeling important? What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales? What is turnaround time for simulations? What element types need to be used? Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account? 3 Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Fully coupled pore fluiddisplacement solutions • Pore fluid flow affects the deformations and the deformations affect the pore fluid flow No pore pressure effects Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso & S.Monaco , eni E&P • Fully drained Courtesy: MCS Pore pressure affects results but no fluid diffusion • Fully undrained Coupled temperature-fluid diffusion-displacement 4 Material Models Nonlinear stress-strain behavior © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Irreversible deformations Some factors that affect model choice Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on “strength” Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior Influence of intermediate principal stress on “strength” Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes Hardening/softening related to volume changes Stress path dependency Effects of stress reversals 5 Material Models Abaqus provides a wide range of material modelsYield surface © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Elasticity models Shear stress • Linear, isotropic • Porous, isotropic (nonlinear) Pressure Plasticity models • Open surface, pressure independent (Mises) • Open surface, pressure dependent (MohrCoulomb, Drucker-Prager) • Closed surface (Cam-clay, DruckerPrager with Cap) • Multisurface (jointed material) 6 Damage and Failure Progressive damage simulations © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Range of damage initiation and propagation criteria Cohesive elements • With or without pore pressures Erosion • User-defined erosion criteria Element failure and deletion 7 Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities Automatic contact detection and general contact © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Soil-structure interactions • Lagrangian contact • Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact • Range of friction models, including customized models Pore fluid contact • Maintain pore pressure continuity across an interface or specify impermeable interfaces • Cohesive pore pressure elements Ties and contact activation 8 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information High performance solutions • Parallel execution on clusters for both Abaqus/Standard and Explicit • High-performance direct and iterative solvers Submodeling • Drive detailed simulations using global results 9 Analysis time [hrs] Efficient Simulations at Various Scales 10 Reservoir analysis scaling 8 Direct Iterative 6 4 2.4M DOF 2 0 4 8 Cores 16 Element Technology Comprehensive element library 2D and 3D © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Shells, beams, solids Special purpose elements • Cohesive elements • Infinite elements Different shapes • Triangles and rectangles • Bricks and tetrahedrals Different interpolation orders • First and second order 10 Extensions and Customization User subroutines © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information User elements User materials Proprietary failure criteria User loads and boundary conditions User friction models 11 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Agenda Overview Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics Applications of Abaqus capabilities Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations Summary 12 Ice Scouring Application © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried arctic oil pipelines Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture ice-soil-structure interactions accurately • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil. • General contact to easily setup all contact interactions. • Scalable parallel performance on many cores. Benefits • Optimize required pipeline burial depth for safe operations in the arctic ecosystem 13 Courtesy: JP Kenny Offshore Platforms Application © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations taking into account installation procedure and operational loads Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture soil-structure interactions accurately • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil. • General contact to easily setup all contact interactions. • Scalable parallel performance on many cores. Benefits • Improve stability of offshore structures 14 Sand Control Application © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Estimate erosion and sand production as a function of hydrocarbon production Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Adaptive meshing with advection • Solution mapping • User subroutines for user-defined erosion criteria • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions using coupled pore pressuredisplacement elements • Element failure and deletion capabilities Benefits • Determine appropriate sand control techniques with greater confidence 15 Erosion of material (sand production) in an oil wellbore Sand Control Application © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand Screens (ESS®), from installation to operation in a variety of applications/reservoir conditions. Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation accounting for all nonlinearities • Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and formats • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of rock and soil • Sophisticated and yet very easy to use “general” contact capabilities to handle even the most complex contact conditions • Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic events Benefits Courtesy: Weatherford • Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with substantial cost savings 16 Hydraulic Fracture Application • Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on hydrocarbon production © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured surface • Specify tangential and normal flow • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement procedure using coupled pore pressuredisplacement elements • Good library of material properties, together with failure modeling • User subroutines for using advanced and/or proprietary technology Hydraulically induced fracture near a well bore Benefits • Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use appropriate fracing technology 17 Potential of XFEM technology in the future Well Casings Application © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information • Design well casings taking into account cyclic thermal loads and formation movements Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled thermal-stress analysis • Material models for metals and soil • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions • User-defined extensions Benefits • Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other (thermal) secondary extraction methods 18 Courtesy: C-FER (SCC 2008) © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Agenda Overview Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics Applications of Abaqus capabilities Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations Summary 19 Reservoir Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Subsidence and compaction can affect production The extraction of oil & gas from underground reservoirs leads to a reduction in pore fluid pressure This results in a redistribution of stress in the rock formation Can lead to ground subsidence Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas within the reservoir Geomechanics predictions of ground deformation is needed to maximize oil & gas extraction Flow of oil & gas is simulated by reservoir flow simulators, such as Eclipse Abaqus is used for geomechanics 20 Courtesy: eni E&P Reservoir Geomechanics Application • Determine subsidence and compaction as a function of hydrocarbon extraction © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions • Element technology • Library of soil material properties • Damage and failure modeling • User-defined extensions • Materials, elements, loads, etc. • Contact • Submodeling • High performance parallel execution Benefits • Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production and avoid well bore failures 21 Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso & S.Monaco , eni E&P Reservoir Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Subsidence and Compaction 22 Reservoir Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Subsidence and Compaction http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/ 23 Available in 6.11* Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Geological Modeling Flow Setup Geomechanics Setup Flow Execution Geomechanics Execution Detailed Geomechanics Collaborative R&D with ENI • Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus • Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models • Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations * May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow 24 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics 25 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics 26 Coming soon © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Integrated Reservoir Simulations SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership • Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies • Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industryleading reservoir flow tools 27 Summary © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core Abaqus strengths Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc. Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to continue further improvements 28
