Kandahar university
Engineering faculty
Civil department
(Windows and doors)
Subject: construction materials
Lecturer: prof. Atiq(hayat)
GROUP (9) MEMBERS:
 Weqarullah sanger
 Safiullah safi
 Shirazam sohail
 Abid qurishi
 Ehsan
 Munir ahmad
 Sharif ahmad
 Mohammad alim
 Qaseem
 Munir ahmad
Contents:
 Window
 Types of windows
 Window wood frame
 Plastic
 Aluminum
 plastic advantage and disadvantage
 Installing window
 Door
 Types of door
 Wood door
 Safety consideration in windows and doors
Window: An opening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle.
fitted with glass in a frame to admit light or air and allow people
to see out.
Window in civil engineering: A windows is defined as an opening
in a wall of a building
To serve one or more of the functions like natural lights, natural
ventilation and vision.
Types of windows: We classified windows into two categories
1: type of closing and opening windows: fixed windows, sliding windows,
pivoted windows, double-hung Windows, louvered windows, casement
windows, metal windows, sash windows, corner windows, bay windows,
dormer windows, clerestory windows, lantern windows, gable windows,
ventilators and skylights.
2: type of windows by frame: wood frame, aluminum frame, plastic and etc.
Window wood frame:
 Offers good thermal performance and natural beauty
 Offered in a wide variety of species
 Wood requires maintenance that other materials may not
(paint or stain)
 Vinyl and aluminum cladding offered for the exterior to
minimize maintenance requirements.
Plastic: A synthetic made from a wide range of organic polymers such as
polyethylene, PVC , nylon, etc…,that can be moulded into shape while soft, and
then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.
Plastic has deffirent types but we just name some of them.
1- polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE or polyester)
2- High- density polyethylene (HDPE)
3- polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
4- Low-Density polyethylene (LDPE)
5- Polypropylyene (PP)
6- Polyestrene (PS)
Others…
Aluminum frame window:
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Stronger than wood or vinyl.
Dominant choice in architectural and demanding commercial applications.
Aluminum is a good thermal conductor and is usually offered with a structural
insulation inside the frame.
Beware of replacing with vinyl because of structural strenth
Plastic advantages and disadvantages :
Plastics have numerous advantages and uses. Few of them are stated
below –
•Its production cost is low.
•It can be easily molded into various shapes.
•It is lightweight.
•It is resistant to corrosion.
•It can be translucent, transparent, and opaque as well.
•It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
•It can be used to make roads, utensils, wires, pipes etc.
•It is used in construction of buildings as well.
Natural decomposition of plastic can last from 400-1000 years and few types of plastics are nondegradable as well.
Plastic materials clog waterways, oceans, seas, lakes etc. 1 in 3 species of marine mammals have been
found entangled in marine litter.
Many animals eat plastic materials and die. Over 90% of all seabirds have plastic pieces in their
stomachs.
Plastic is widely used in packaging. Eating food out of plastic containers may cause cancer.
Both creation and recycling of plastic produce toxic gases and residues which causes air and water and
land pollution.
Few additives such as phthalates etc. which are added in plastics to prevent its structure may cause
serious hormonal imbalance in males and females.
Plastic causes many fire hazards.
Its cost of recycling is also very high.
Disadvantages of plastic bags are well known, this is the reason why use of plastic bags have been
restricted in most of the countries in the world.
Door : The door is a moving mechanism which is more like a barrier
made of wood, stone, metal, glass, paper, leaves, hides, or a
combination of materials. A door understands the importance of having
options when it comes to choosing the right fit for the architecture of
our home and interior and exterior decor from the curb through the
foyer. Trendy to timeless, understated to elaborate, the door provides a
warm welcome. There is a sharp contrast between interior and exterior
door. A door has an aesthetic purpose in creating an impression of what
lies beyond.
Types of Doors
There are many kinds of doors with different purposes. Doors are largely defined by the materials they are
made from. Also, door classification varies due to the mechanism and usage. Followings are the
classifications of doors:
Considering Material Used
Wooden Door
Metal Door
UPVC Door
Considering the Mechanism & Usage
Sliding Door
Composite Door
Swinging Door
Revolving Door
Folding Door
Wooden Door:
The wooden door is the top choice for the homeowners. It is a premium choice for
your home interior and exterior with a rich sense of character and beauty on its
own. Many antique doors were made of wood. A wooden door can be custom
made which has decorative yet functional design options. Most of the wooden
doors open in a swinging system; also it is stained rather than painted because
stain is a marketable choice allowing you to show the wood's natural grain.
Additional Window and Door Safety Tips
Windows and Doors with Built in Blinds are Safer
The invention of shades or blinds inside the glass panes within doors and windows
was not only a smart idea but also a safe one. Dangling cords from window and
door shades pose a great danger to children. As said above, children are full of
energy and will play with anything they can get their hands on. Most of those
cords are at eye level for them to grab and it can be a safety hazard if they get
tangled up in it. If you do have shades with cords that dangle to the floor, make
sure you find a way to place them higher so they are out of reach of any child’s
hands to keep them safe…
Tempered Glass
Tempered glass is something that everyone should be aware of. You might not
even know that there is tempered glass all around you. Hockey rink boards as well
as car windshields are both made of tempered glass for example. It is much
stronger and is more heat resistant than regular glass.
The best part of tempered glass is the clean up. It falls apart into small pieces
rather than large shards with sharp edges making it much easier and safer of a
clean up. Since it is stronger than regular glass it is safe in areas of high
traffic. Tempered glass is great in any window or door for the increased safety
benefits it provides…