4 weeks Day 1: Colonial America By: Ms. Sanders & Mr. Asiano CCSS.ELALITERACY.RL.9-10.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. CCSS.ELALITERACY.SL.9-10.1 Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Unit Summary/Rationale: Students examine the role and influence gender had on the establishment of the American colonies and its continued impact throughout the establishment of the American identity. The inclusion of notable works, speeches, and poems from the Colonial period helps students analyze the nature of gender influence on periods in US history. Course Name: English 100 9-10 Unit Title: The Scarlet Letter Day/Date: Day 1 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.9-10.1 Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Learning Goals Today Students will understand: 1. Time period and setting of The Scarlet Letter 2. What might have motivated Hawthorne to write this novel? Students will know: 3. Brief history of Nathaniel Hawthorne 4. What daily life as a Puritan looked like in colonial Massachusetts Students will be able to: 5. Explain and identify defining elements of Dark Romanticism writing 6. Predict how Puritan values may play out in The Scarlet Letter Key Vocabulary for this Lesson • Puritanism • Dark Romanticism • Theocracy Materials • The Scarlet Letter • Journal • Portrait of the author Technology Needs • Peardeck Essential Questions? • • • • How does Puritanical society play a role in the author's life? Why might a time period in which the text was written be important? How does an author’s personal experience affect the novel? How might elements of Dark Romantic help convey mood? Gender roles in 1600s puritanical society. The lifestyle and values of Puritan New England in the mid-1600s. The role and impact religion had on the establishment of the American colonies. The role and impact religion had on the establishment of the American colonies. What do you know about Puritans? Puritans • The Puritans felt the Church of England was too close to Roman Catholic church, which they felt to be corrupt. • Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England, to make further changes until the Church was perfect. • They were persecuted for their beliefs in England and eventually migrated to the North American colonies for religious freedom. • In 1630, led by John Winthrop they arrived in New England, and est. the Massachusetts Bay Colony in a town they named Boston. • The Massachusetts Bay Colony became the biggest and most influential colony. • The first colonists believed they had a covenant with God to build a holy society as a model for all humankind. “City Upon a Hill” • If they honored their obligations to God, they would be blessed; if they failed, they would be punished. Beliefs • The Puritan community was a theocracy, a government which blends church and state. Thus, church and state were not separate. • Total depravity: Humankind is totally sinful through the fall of Adam and Eve and damned for eternity. • Predestination: You are “elect” (saved) or “unregenerate” (damned). Salvation belongs to the “elect”, or God’s chosen. • No good works will help you become saved. • Limited atonement: Christ died only for the “elect”. Puratin Laws • They accepted capital punishment, for 12 crimes, including blasphemy, counterfeiting and witchcraft. • Public Drunkenness • Idleness • Long Hair • Hunting Duck • Swearing • Sleeping during sermons • Skipping church • Gossip Punishments • The most common colonial punishment was use of the stocks and pillory. • Stocks were heavy wooden frames with holes for ankles and/or wrists • The pillory was similar, but allowed the accused to stand while his or hands were bound. • Whipping, more severe, or execution. Who Made These Laws? • Puritans had Theocratic government. • The General Court that ran the colony was a legislature with representatives who made laws. • Only white male church members were involved in politics and church affairs. When did the Puritans arrive and what was their motto? Witch Trials History • Europe had 300 years of witchcraft trials. Between 40,000 and 50,000 people executed for suspected witchcraft. • Malleus Maleficarum by Heinrich Kramer published in 1486 defined witchcraft and detailed procedures for identifying witches. This was the “how-to guidebook” for detecting and torturing witches. • Women were more likely to be accused of witchcraft than men due to their ‘natural lustfulness, dimness, and curiosity.” -The connection to Eve and the original sin. What makes someone a witch? • • • • • • • • • You’re a woman You’re middle-aged and single A healer You have an extra nipple, a mole, a freckle, or basically any other mark on your body You’re bad at public speaking You are married, but you don’t have enough (or any) children People are envious of you You are related to or associated with someone else suspected of witchcraft You are of low status Witch Trials in Salem • Unhealthy relationships with neighboring Native Tribes and competition with neighboring counties caused fear and paranoia in the Salem community. • In January of 1692, two young girls aged 9 and 11 were said to be afflicted with supernatural curse from witches. From this the girls accused women of afflicting them from their dreams. • Spectral evidence was testimony in which witnesses claimed that the accused appeared to them and did them harm in a dream or a vision. • Examples of marginalized Salem women targeted for being witches: Tituba, a Caribbean slave Sarah Good, village beggar, and Sarah Osborn a married her indentured servant, Martha Corey a beggar, and Rebecca Nurse 71 years old woman. Accusation Process • The case is presented to the Grand Jury. Depositions relating to the guilt or innocence of the accused are entered into evidence. -Only men could serve in the Grand Jury. • If the accused is indicted by the Grand Jury, he or she is tried before the court. The jury decides the defendant's guilt. • The convicted defendant receives his or her sentence from the Court. In each case at Salem, the convicted defendant was sentenced to be hanged on a specified date. Salem Witch Trials (Ending) • The Salem Witch Trials officially ended in May of 1693 due to Governor Phips banning the use of spectral evidence and prohibiting further arrests • Over 200 people accused • 20 people were executed • 3 dogs • Massachusetts Bay Colony eventually admitted these mistake and attempted to compensate the families of the convicted. About the Author • Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Mass. • His father was a sea captain and descendent of John Hawthorne, one of the judges in the Salem witch trials. • As an adult Hawthorne showed much interest in the Puritan period in America. His connection to the trials both fascinated and disturbed. • His father died when Nathaniel was four years old. Nathaniel grew up in seclusion with his widowed mother. • He wrote The Scarlet Letter in 1850. • Much of his writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. Romanticism • Romanticism is a literary movement spanning roughly 1790–1850. • The movement was characterized by a celebration of nature and the common man, a focus on individual experience, an idealization of women, and an embrace of isolation and melancholy. • Common Theme: interest in the bizarre, supernatural and gothic, Interest in the past. Looks at the world with more than reasonable optimism (rose-colored glasses). • These fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. Dark Romanticism • Dark Romanticism is a reaction to the American Transcendentalism movement. -Dark Romantics are much less confident about the notion of perfection as an innate quality of mankind, as believed by Transcendentalists. • Present individuals as prone to sin and self-destruction, not as inherently possessing of divinity and wisdom. • Authors considered most representative of dark romanticism are Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and poet Emily Dickinson Two takeaways from today’s lesson? Works Cited English literature - The Romantic period. (2015). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/English-literature/The-Romantic-period God In America. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/godinamerica/people/puritans.html Nathaniel Hawthorne. (n.d.). American Literature.Com. Retrieved November 21, 2020, from https://americanliterature.com/author/nathaniel-hawthorne PHOTOS.com, et al. “The Salem Witch Trials.” Kids, 14 June 2019, kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/history/salem-witch-trials/.
