In Text Mode: All questions and answers are given for reading and
answering at your own pace. You can also copy this exam and make a
print out.
1. The best explanation of what Title VI of the Civil Rights Act mandates is the freedom
to:
A. Pick any physician and insurance company despite one’s income
B. Receive free medical benefits as needed within the county of residence
C. Have equal access to all health care regardless of race and religion
D. Have basic care with a sliding scale payment plan from all health care facilities
2. Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse when planning care for a
culturally diverse population? The nurse will plan care to:
A. Include care that is culturally congruent with the staff from predetermined criteria
B. Focus only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse’s beliefs and practices
C. Blend the values of the nurse that are for the good of the client and minimize the
client’s individual values and beliefs during care
D. Provide care while aware of one’s own bias, focusing on the client’s individual needs
rather than the staff’s practices
3. Which factor is least significant during assessment when gathering information about
cultural practices?
A. Language, timing
B. Touch, eye contact
C. Biocultural needs
D. Pain perception, management expectations
4. Transcultural nursing implies:
A. Using a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across
human groups to provide specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate
B. Working in another culture to practice nursing within their limitations
C. Combining all cultural beliefs into a practice that is a non-threatening approach to
minimize cultural barriers for all clients’ equality of care
D. Ignoring all cultural differences to provide the best generalized care to all clients.
5. What should the nurse do when planning nursing care for a client with a different
cultural background? The nurse should:
A. Allow the family to provide care during the hospital stay so no rituals or customs are
broken
B. Identify how these cultural variables affect the health problem
C. Speak slowly and show pictures to make sure the client always understands
D. Explain how the client must adapt to hospital routines to be effectively cared for while
in the hospital.
6. Which activity would not be expected by the nurse to meet the cultural needs of the
client?
A. Promote and support attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills to respectfully meet
client’s cultural needs despite the nurse’s own beliefs and practices
B. Ensure that the interpreter understands not only the language of the client but feelings
and attitudes behind cultural practices to make sure an ethical balance can be achieved
C. Develop structure and process for meeting cultural needs on a regular basis and means
to avoid overlooking these needs with clients
D. Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times to assist in meeting the
communication needs all day and night while hospitalized
7. Ethical principles for professional nursing practice in a clinical setting are guided by
the principles of conduct that are written as the:
A. American Nurses Association’s (ANA’s) Code of Ethics
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) written by state legislation
C. Standards of care from experts in the practice field
D. Good Samaritan laws for civil guidelines
8. A bioethical issue should be described as:
A. The physician’s making all decisions of client management without getting input from
the client
B. and not treating all the black men to compare the outcomes of a specific drug therapy.
A research project that included treating all the white men
C. The withholding of food and treatment at the request of the client in a written advance
directive given before a client acquired permanent brain damage from an accident.
D. After the client gives permission, the physician’s disclosing all information to the
family for their support in the management of the client.
9. When the nurse described the client as “that nasty old man in 354,” the nurse is
exhibiting which ethical dilemma?
A. Gender bias and ageism
B. HIPAA violation
C. Beneficence
D. Code of ethics violation
10. The distribution of nurses to areas of “most need” in the time of a nursing shortage is
an example of:
A. Utilitarianism theory
B. Deontological theory
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
11. Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which description of a type of law is correct?
A. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines
the Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
B. Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public and punishment for those
laws that are broken.
C. Common law protects the rights of the individual within society for fair and equal
treatment.
D. Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and regulations to control society.
12. Besides the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
(JACHO), which governing agency regulates hospitals to allow continued safe services to
be provided, funding to be received from the government and penalties if guidelines are
not followed?
A. Board of Nursing Examiners (BNE)
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA)
C. American Nurses Association (ANA)
D. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
13. When a client is confused, left alone with the side rails down, and the bed in a high
position, the client falls and breaks a hip. What law has been broken?
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Negligence
D. Civil tort
14. When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows that the client:
A. Is fully informed and is aware of all consequences.
B. Was awake and fully alert and not medicated with narcotics.
C. Was free to sign without pressure
D. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done
15. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to a procedure?
A. An appointed guardianship
B. Unemancipated minor
C. Minimum of 21 years or older
D. An advocate for a child
16. Which statement is correct?
A. Consent for medical treatment can be given by a minor with a sexually transmitted
disease (STD).
B. A second trimester abortion can be given without state involvement.
C. Student nurses cannot be sued for malpractice while in a nursing clinical class.
D. Nurses who get sick and leave during a shift are not abandoning clients if they call
their supervisor and leave a message about their emergency illness.
17. Most litigation in the hospital comes from the:
A. Nurse abandoning the clients when going to lunch
B. Nurse following an order that is incomplete or incorrect
C. Nurse documenting blame on the physician when a mistake is made
D. Supervisor watching a new employee check his or her skills level
18. The nurse places an aquathermia pad on a client with a muscle sprain. The nurse
informs the client the pad should be removed in 30 minutes. Why will the nurse return in
30 minutes to remove the pad?
A. Reflex vasoconstriction occurs.
B. Reflex vasodilation occurs.
C. Systemic response occurs.
D. Local response occurs.
19. A client has recently been told he has terminal cancer. As the nurse enters the room,
he yells, “My eggs are cold, and I’m tired of having my sleep interrupted by noisy
nurses!” The nurse may interpret the client’s behavior as:
A. An expression of the anger stage of dying
B. An expression of disenfranchised grief
C. The result of maturational loss
D. The result of previous losses
20. When helping a person through grief work, the nurse knows:
A. Coping mechanisms that were effective in the past are often disregarded in response to
the pain of a loss
B. A person’s perception of a loss has little to do with the grieving process.
C. The sequencing of stages of grief may occur in order, they may be skipped, or they
may recur.
D. Most clients want to be left alone.
21. A client is hospitalized in the end stage of terminal cancer. His family members are
sitting at his bedside. What can the nurse do to best aid the family at this time?
A. Limit the time visitors may stay so they do not become overwhelmed by the situation.
B. Avoid telling family members about the client’s actual condition so they will not lose
hope.
C. Discourage spiritual practices because this will have little connection to the client at
this time.
D. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to perform.
22. When caring for a terminally ill client, it is important for the nurse maintain the
client’s dignity. This can be facilitated by:
A. Spending time to let clients share their life experiences
B. Decreasing emphasis on attending to the client’s appearance because it only increases
their fatigue
C. Making decisions for clients so they do not have to make them
D. Placing the client in a private room to provide privacy at all times
23. What are the stages of dying according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross?
A. Numbing; yearning and searching; disorganization and despair; and reorganization.
B. Accepting the reality of loss, working through the pain of grief, adjusting to the
environment without the deceased, and emotionally relocating the deceased and moving
on with life.
C. Anticipatory grief, perceived loss, actual loss, and renewal.
D. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
24. Bereavement may be defined as:
A. The emotional response to loss.
B. The outward, social expression of loss.
C. Postponing the awareness of the reality of the loss.
D. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor.
25. A client who had a “Do Not Resuscitate” order passed away. After verifying there is
no pulse or respirations, the nurse should next:
A. Have family members say goodbye to the deceased.
B. Call the transplant team to retrieve vital organs.
C. Remove all tubes and equipment (unless organ donation is to take place), clean the
body, and position appropriately.
D. Call the funeral director to come and get the body.
26. A client’s family member says to the nurse, “The doctor said he will provide
palliative care. What does that mean?” The nurse’s best response is:
A. “Palliative care is given to those who have less than 6 months to live.”
B. “Palliative care aims to relieve or reduce the symptoms of a disease.”
C. “The goal of palliative care is to affect a cure of a serious illness or disease.”
D. “Palliative care means the client and family take a more passive role and the doctor
focuses on the physiological needs of the client. The location of death will most likely
occur in the hospital setting.”
27. Which of the following is not included in evaluating the degree of heritage
consistency in a client?
A. Gender
B. Culture
C. Ethnicity
D. Religion
28. When providing care to clients with varied cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for
the nurse to recognize that:
A. Cultural considerations must be put aside if basic needs are in jeopardy.
B. Generalizations about the behavior of a particular group may be inaccurate.
C. Current health standards should determine the acceptability of cultural practices.
D. Similar reactions to stress will occur when individuals have the same cultural
background.
29. To respect a client’s personal space and territoriality, the nurse:
A. Avoids the use of touch
B. Explains nursing care and procedures
C. Keeps the curtains pulled around the clients bed
D. Stands 8 feet away from the bed, if possible.
30. To be effective in meeting various ethnic needs, the nurse should:
A. Treat all clients alike.
B. Be aware of client’s cultural differences.
C. Act as if he or she is comfortable with the client’s behavior.
D. Avoid asking questions about the client’s cultural background.
31. The most important factor in providing nursing care to clients in a specific ethnic
group is:
A. Communication
B. Time orientation
C. Biological variation
D. Environmental control
32. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma because:
A. A client’s legal rights coexist with a health professional’s obligation.
B. Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful conditions.
C. Decisions must be made based on value systems.
D. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong.
33. A document that lists the medical treatment a person chooses to refuse if unable to
make decisions is the:
A. Durable power of attorney
B. Informed consent
C. Living will
D. Advance directives
34. Which statement about an institutional ethics committee is correct?
A. The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients and healthcare professionals.
B. The ethics committee relieves health care professionals from dealing with ethical
issues.
C. The ethics committee would be the first option in addressing an ethical dilemma.
D. The ethics committee replaces decision making by the client and health care providers.
35. The nurse is working with parents of a seriously ill newborn. Surgery has been
proposed for the infant, but the chances of success are unclear. In helping the parents
resolve this ethical conflict, the nurse knows that the first step is:
A. Exploring reasonable courses of action
B. Collecting all available information about the situation
C. Clarifying values related to the cause of the dilemma.
D. Identifying people who can solve the difficulty.
36. Miss Mary, an 88-year old woman, believes that life should not be prolonged when
hope is gone. She has decided that she does not want extraordinary measures taken when
her life is at its end. Because she feels this way, she has talked with her daughter about
her desires, completing a living will and left directions with her physician. This is an
example of:
A. Affirming a value
B. Choosing a value
C. Prizing a value
D. Reflecting a value
37. The scope of Nursing practice is legally defined by:
A. State nurses practice acts
B. Professional nursing organizations
C. Hospital policy and procedure manuals
D. Physicians in the employing institutions
38. A student nurse who is employed as a nursing assistant may perform any functions
that:
A. Have been learned about in school
B. Are expected of a nurse at that level
C. Are identified in the positions job description
D. Require technical rather than professional skill.
39. A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails were not used is an example
of which type of liability?
A. Felony
B. Assault
C. Battery
D. Negligence
40. The nurse puts a restraint jacket on a client without the client’s permission and
without the physicians order. The nurse may be guilty of:
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Invasion of privacy
D. Neglect
41. In a situation in which there is insufficient staff to implement competent care, a nurse
should:
A. Organize a strike
B. Inform the clients of the situation
C. Refuse the assignment
D. Accept the assignment but make a protest in writing to the administration.
42. Which statement about loss is accurate?
A. Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence of something valued.
B. The more the individual has invested in what is lost, the less the feeling of loss.
C. Loss may be maturational, situational, or both.
D. The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of loss.
43. Trying questionable and experimental forms of therapy is a behavior that is
characterized of which stage of dying?
A. Anger
B. Depression
C. Bargaining
D. Acceptance
44. All of the following are crucial needs of the dying client except:
A. Control of pain
B. Preservation of dignity and self-worth
C. Love and belonging
D. Freedom from decision making
45. Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of one’s:
A. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices.
B. Social, cultural, and biophysical factors
C. Engagement in cross-cultural interactions
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
46. Cultural competence is the process of:
A. Learning about vast cultures
B. Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes
C. Influencing treatment and care of clients
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
47. Ethnocentrism is the root of:
A. Biases and prejudices
B. Meanings by which people make sense of their experiences.
C. Cultural beliefs
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health.
48. When action is taken on one’s prejudices:
A. Discrimination occurs
B. Sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups is obtained.
C. Delivery of culturally congruent care is ensured.
D. People think/know you are a dumbass for being prejudiced.
49. The dominant value orientation in North American society is:
A. Use of rituals symbolizing the supernatural.
B. Group reliance and interdependence
C. Healing emphasizing naturalistic modalities
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health.
50. Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the poor illustrates: a (an)
A. Illness attributed to natural, impersonal, and biological forces.
B. Creation of own interpretation and descriptions of biological and psychological
malfunctions.
C. Influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality.
D. Combination of naturalistic, religious, and supernatural modalities.
51. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication. However,
cultural pain:
A. May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners.
B. Is more intense, thus necessitating more medication.
C. Is not expressed verbally or physically
D. Is expressed only to others of like culture.
52. The dominant values in American society on individual autonomy and selfdetermination:
A. Rarely have an effect on other cultures
B. Do have an effect on health care
C. May hinder ability to get into a hospice program
D. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups.
53. In the United States, access to health care usually depends on a client’s ability to pay
for health care, either through insurance or by paying cash. The client the nurse is caring
for needs a liver transplant to survive. This client has been out of work for several months
and does not have insurance or enough cash. A discussion about the ethics of this
situation would involve predominantly the principle of:
A. Accountability, because you as the nurse are accountable for the well being of this
client.
B. Respect of autonomy, because this client’s autonomy will be violated if he does not
receive the liver transplant.
C. Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is
resources for a liver transplant.
D. Justice, because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the
just distribution of resources.
54. The code of ethics for nurses is composed and published by:
A. The national league for Nursing
B. The American Nurses Association
C. The Medical American Association
D. The National Institutes of Health, Nursing division.
55. Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the
nurse to:
A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client’s clinical condition.
C. Assess the client’s point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.
56. Successful ethical discussion depends on people who have a clear sense of personal
values. When many people share the same values it may be possible to identify a
philosophy of utilitarianism, with proposes that:
A. The value of people is determined solely by leaders in the Unitarian church.
B. The decision to perform a liver transplant depends on a measure of the moral life that
the client has led so far.
C. The best way to determine the solution to an ethical dilemma is to refer the case to the
attending physician.
D. The value of something is determined by its usefulness to society.
57. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of care suggests that ethical
dilemmas can best be solved by attention to:
A. Relationships
B. Ethical principles
C. Clients
D. Code of ethics for nurses.
58. In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma requires negotiation among
members of the health care team. The nurse’s point of view is valuable because:
A. Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions.
B. The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect their own self-worth.
C. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health
care providers.
D. The nurse’s code of ethics recommends that a nurse be present at any ethical
discussion about client care.
59. Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Once the nurse has
determined that the dilemma is ethical, a critical first step in negotiating the difference of
opinion would be to:
A. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full.
B. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of
the dilemma.
C. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that negotiations agree on the
language of the discussion.
D. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for an ethics consultation to
support the ethics process.
60. The nurse practice acts are an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Criminal law
61. The scope of Nursing Practice, the established educational requirements for nurses,
and the distinction between nursing and medical practice is defined by:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Nurse practice acts
62. The client’s right to refuse treatment is an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil laws
D. Nurse practice acts
63. Even though the nurse may obtain the client’s signature on a form, obtaining informed
consent is the responsibility of the:
A. Client
B. Physician
C. Student nurse
D. Supervising nurse.
64. The nurse is obligated to follow a physician’s order unless:
A. The order is a verbal order
B. The physician’s order is illegible
C. The order has not been transcribed
D. The order is an error, violates hospital policy, or would be detrimental to the client.
65. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Betty Newman
D. Sr. Callista Roy