Procedure turns
Always make initial turn into the wind
45°/180° procedure turn
1: Track outbound radial
2: Turn left by 45ᵒ for 1 minute + 3d
3: Turn right 1
d= WCA on radial
80°/260° Procedure Turn
1: Track outbound radial
2: Turn left by 80ᵒ
3: fly straight out for 2d
4: Turn right 260ᵒ
(If it’s not possible to fly into the wind, anticipate on
a large undershoot and correct for it by using a large
intercept angle)
Base turn
An base turn is a procedure turn with a
specified outbound radial that needs to be
flown for a specific time or distance.
The entry of a base turn can only be flown
when the aircraft approaches from a specified
direction and when the aircraft is cleared for
the approach. It’s defined by 2x 30ᵒ on the
extended outbound track, but it also extends
until the reciprocal track.