During American Period • The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized for more than 300 years. • June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first president of the Philippine Republic but this was short lived. • The filipino-american war resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903. The peace movements started as early as 1900. Many filipino started writing again and the nationalism of the people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence. History •A new group started to write in English. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog , the Vernaculars and finally , English, were the mediums used in literature during these times. •Education became a very important issue for the united states colonial government, since it allowed it to spread their cultural values, particularly the english language, to the Filipino people. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with english serving the medium of instruction. Essay - an analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or personal point of view. - scholarly and characterized by sobriety, substance and structure. - Political, social reflective essays, critical essays, personal or essays novels -an invented prose narrative that is usually long and complex amd deals especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of events. Short Story -an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot. Three Groups of Writers q Spanish -the writers in Spanish are accustomed to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes. q English -the writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. a) Period of Orientation (18981910) b) Period of Imitation (1910-1925) c) Period of Self- discovery (19251941) q Tagalog a) b) c) Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso) Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay) Poets of Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan) Three Groups of writers: Spanish Cecilio Apostol v Masterpice : A Rizal v His poems were used to teach the Spanish Language (RA 1881) v “Catulo” - Pen name Fernando Maria Guerero v Masterpice : Crisalidas v Prince of Filipino lyric poets in Spanish v Favorite theme: eternal sadness of things v “Invocacion A Rizal” ThreCe Groups of writers: Spanish Claro M. Recto v Masterpice :Bajo los Cocoteros (Under the Cocobut Trees) v Bajo los Cocoteros was published in 1911 v The Father of Philippine Constitution v “Ante El Martir”- dedicated to Rizal Jesus Balmori v Masterpice :Mi Casa de Nipa, Mi Choza de Nipa v Pen name- Batikuling v Poet Laureat in Spanish v Premio Zobel award for contribution to Philippine Literature Three Groups of writers: English The creation of Philippine literacy works during the American Period in the Philippines was advance by two significant developments in education and culture. In a way, we can say that we can trace the beginnings of Philippine literature in English with the coming of the Americans. For this purpose, we can divide this period into three time frames, namely: The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910) English as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, a choice bestowed on us by history. By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English. By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded. THE PERIOD OF IMITATION (1910-1924) By 1919, the UP College Folio published the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers in English. They were the pioneers in short story writing. They were then groping their way into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and spontaneity. PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY AND GROWTH (1925-1941) By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the oldtime favorites of love and youth persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama. Three Groups of writers: English Francisco Benitez • First editor of Philippine Journal of Education • Dean of UP College of Education Paz Marquez Benitez • Authored the first Filipino modern English language short story. • Dead Stars (1925) • Among the first generation of Filipinos trained in the American education system which used English as the medium of instruction. Three Groups of writers: English Zoilo Galang • learned typing and stenography in English and Spanish all by himself. • Took special courses at the University of the Philippines (1925) • went to Columbia University for further studies in Literature. • A Child of Sorrow- first Philippine novel written in English that was later made into a movie in 1930 • Nadia (1929) • His early poems saw print on the Kapampangan paper, “E Mangabiran” Three Groups of writers: English • • Nick Joaquin National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1976) • Pen name- Quijano de Manila May Day Eve (1947), The Woman who had Two Novels(1961), A Portrait of the Artist as a Fiipino(1966), Summer Solstice (1971) • • • Jose Garcia Villa National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1973) Pen name- Deveglion Comma poet Three Groups of writers: Tagalog 3 Classifications of Tagalog Poets 1. The Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso) -includes Lope K. Santos, Inigo Ed. Regalodo, arlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Deogracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemncio Carabana and Mar Antonio 2. The Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay) -includes Lope K. Santos, Jose Corazon De Jesus, Florentino Collantes,Patricio Mariano, Carlos Gatmaitan, and Amado V. Hernandez 3. The Poets of Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan ) -includes Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes and Tomas Remigio Three Groups of writers: Tagalog • • Lope K. Santos Masterpiece: Banaag at Sikat Father of the Filipino Grammar • “Apo” of the Tgalog Writers Amado V. Hernandez • Masterpiece: Luha ng Buwaya, Ang Panday • First King of Balagtasan • A pillar in the Tagalog Literature Three Groups of writers: Tagalog Severino Reyes Aurelio Tolentino • • • • Masterpiece:walang Sugat Father of Tagalog Plays Father of tagalog Zarzuela Pen name: Lola Basyang • • • • Masterpiece:Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas • Conied the word”dula” F a t h e r o f Ta g a l o g draama • CCP theater was • named after him, tangahalang Aurelio Tolentino Jose Corazon De Jesus Masterpiece:Ang Isang Punongkahoy (A tree) Legendary Lyric Poet King of Balagtasan The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following newspaper: EL NUEVO DIA (THE NEW DAY) - a Cebuano newspaper established by Sergio Osme a in 1900. EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (THE CALL OF THE NATION) -a pro-labor and radical nationalist newspaper that advocates independence under the protection of United States. Founded by Pascual Poblete in 1899 with a tagalog version called “Ang Kapatid ng Bayan” EL RENACIMIENTO (THE REBIRTH) - Founded by Rafael Palma and was the most influential newspaper durng the sapanish colonial period. MANILA DAILY BULLETIN - The Philippine's largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation founded in 1900 as a shipping journal. Currently known as “The Manila Bulletin”
