STARTE
R
List all the health issues you can see
THE BIGGER PICTURE
vaccination
Antibiotics
and
painkillers
Developing
drugs
Daily review
•
What is weight?
•
Give 2 ways energy transfers can be reduced in a
home
•
What are communicable diseases?
•
Name the pathogen that causes AIDS.
•
How does malaria affect the body?
VACCINATIONS
Learning aim:
Explain how vaccinations protect against disease
Learning goals:
1-4
• Describe why people are vaccinated.
• State that vaccines contain dead or inactive forms of a pathogen.
5-6
• Explain how vaccination works.
• Describe what an antibody and an antigen are
7-8
• Explain why, if a large proportion of the population is vaccinated, the spread
of the pathogen is reduced.
• Apply ideas about specificity of antibodies.
vaccination
An estimated
300 million
people died
from smallpox
in the 20th
century alone.
How could it have killed so many people?
The earliest physical evidence of smallpox is the pustular rash on the
mummified body of Pharaoh Ramesses V of Egypt, who died in 1157 BC.
Traders carried the disease from Egypt to India during the 1st
millennium BC. From there it swept into China in the 1st century AD
and reached Japan in the 6th century.
Returning crusaders provided a way for smallpox to spread through
Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.
The Spanish inadvertently owe much of their success in conquering the
Aztecs and Incas in Mexico in the 16th century to smallpox. Unlike the
Spanish, the native Indians had no immunity to the disease, having
never encountered it before. It wiped out huge numbers of them.
A century later the North American Indians suffered a similar
devastation. In the 18th century smallpox decimated the aborigines
when it reached Australia, the last corner of the world to have
escaped its ravages.
vaccination
SMALLPOX NOW
In 1966 the World Health Assembly voted a special budget to
eliminate smallpox from the world. At that time, smallpox was
endemic in more than 30 countries.
A major breakthrough for the eventual control of this disease was
the discovery of an effective vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796.
Containment measures included ring vaccination and isolation of
cases and contacts.
The last case of wild smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977.
Surveillance was aided by extensive house-to-house searches and
rewards offered for persons reporting smallpox cases.
Mass vaccination programs were successful in many Western countries;
however, a different approach was taken in developing countries. This
approach was known as surveillance and containment.
In 1966 the World Health Assembly voted a special budget to
eliminate smallpox from the world. At that time, smallpox was
endemic in more than 30 countries.
A major breakthrough for the eventual control of this disease was
the discovery of an effective vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796.
Containment measures included ring vaccination and isolation of
cases and contacts.
The last case of wild smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977.
Surveillance was aided by extensive house-to-house searches and
rewards offered for persons reporting smallpox cases.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mass vaccination programs were successful in many Western countries;
however, a different approach was taken in developing countries. This approach
was known as surveillance and containment.
vaccination
HOW?
Sort the timeline into the right order
A major breakthrough for the eventual control of this disease was the discovery of an
effective vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796.
In 1966 the World Health Assembly voted a special budget to eliminate smallpox from
the world. At that time, smallpox was endemic in more than 30 countries.
Mass vaccination programs were successful in many Western countries; however, a
different approach was taken in developing countries. This approach was known as
surveillance and containment.
Surveillance was aided by extensive house-to-house searches and rewards offered for
persons reporting smallpox cases.
Containment measures included ring vaccination and isolation of cases and contacts.
The last case of wild smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977.
vaccination
vaccination
TASK
Create a storyboard that explains what happened with small
pox and how it was eradicated.
You must explain how vaccines work.
vaccination
PLENARY
Mumps is a disease caused by a virus. Mumps vaccine is usually given to children as part
of the MMR vaccine.
(a) What diseases, other than mumps, does the MMR vaccine protect against?
(2)
(b) Mumps vaccines contain mumps viruses. Suggest why these viruses do not cause
mumps.
(1)
(c)
Explain how the vaccine makes someone immune to mumps.
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put
them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
(5)
(d) A child who has not been given the mumps vaccine catches mumps. Suggest why a
doctor would not give antibiotics to cure the child of mumps.
a) measles
ignore mumps
1
rubella
accept German measles
1
(b) viruses are ‘dead’
accept other viral treatments
accept ‘non-virulent’
mild’ must be qualified
do not accept ‘small dose’
1
(c) The answer to this question requires good
English in a sensible order with correct use of
scientific terms. Quality of written
communication should be considered in
crediting points in the mark scheme.
Maximum of 4 marks if ideas not well
expressed
any five from:
contains antigens or proteins
accept reference to immunological
memory or memory cells’
white cells (accept lymphocytes)
do not accept phagocytes
idea of specificity in antibodies or
antigens
antibody production
ignore engulfing
antigens destroyed / virus destroyed
rapid antibody production if infected
max 5
(d) antibiotics do not kill / affect viruses
1