ENGLISH LESSONS Future Perfect Simple Cotinuous Futuro Perfecto Simple: El Futuro Perfecto es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar situaciones que se están produciendo o que se desarrollarán en el futuro y que imaginamos que habrán finalizado para cuando llegue el momento al que hacemos referencia. Esta forma verbal suele ir acompañada de una expresión temporal, por ejemplo: By this afternoon, I will have arrived at home. (Para esta tarde ya habré llegado a casa) En este caso no se menciona si estoy viajando en ese momento pero es seguro que cuando llegue la tarde ya estaré en mi casa. By tomorrow, I will have gotten a new job. (Para mañana, yo habré conseguido un nuevo trabajo) Aquí no se expresa si se está realizando la búsqueda de trabajo pero queda claro que cuando llegue el día siguiente tendré uno nuevo. El futuro perfecto (Future Perfect) estructura: SUJETO + will/shall have + PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO Nota: Como en el caso del futuro simple, el auxiliar shall sólo se utiliza para la primera persona tanto del singular y como del plural. Mientras que el auxiliar will se puede utilizar siempre. Para aclarar un poco la estructura veamos por ejemplo como se conjuga el verbo to finish (terminar): Conjugación Significado I shall have finished I will have finished yo habré terminado you will have finished tú habrás terminado he/she/it will have finished él/ella/ello habrá terminado we shall have finished we will have finished nosotros habremos terminado you will have finished vosotros habréis terminado they will have finished ellos habrán terminado FORM Future Perfect with "Will" [will have + past participle] Examples: You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have + past participle] Examples: You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. 1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) Sujeto + “will have” + participio pasado. Sujeto + verbos auxiliar (to be) + “going to have” + participio pasado. Ejemplos: The party will [is going to] have ended by the time you finish work. (La fiesta habrá terminado cuando termine el trabajo.) I’ll [I’m going to] have eaten before we meet. (Habré comido antes de reunirnos.) 2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Sujeto + “will” + “not” + “have” + participio pasado. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + “not” + “going to have” + participio pasado. Ejemplos: The party won’t [isn’t going to] have ended by the time you finish work. (La fiesta no habrá terminado cuando termine el trabajo.) I won’t [I’m not going to] have eaten before we meet. (No habré comido antes de reunirnos.) 3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) “Will” + sujeto + “have” + participio pasado. Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + “going to have” + participio pasado. Ejemplos: Will [Is] the party [going to] have ended before you finish work? (¿La fiesta habrá terminado antes de que termine el trabajo?) Will [Are] you [going to] have eaten before we meet? (¿Habrás comido antes de reunirnos?) El futuro perfecto continuo o "future perfect continuous“ se usa para expresar cuánto tiempo habrá durado una acción en un determinado momento del futuro. Este tiempo verbal enfatiza la continuidad de un acontecimiento en un momento futuro. Es necesario indicar la duración de la acción (one year, two days, etc.) y el momento futuro que se toma como referencia (tomorrow, next year, etc.). Habrá estado trabajando aquí cinco años (duración de la acción) cuando deje la compañía (momento de referencia en el futuro). En el lenguaje coloquial se traduce por: "Llevar" + gerundio She'll have been working here for five years by the end of this year. Llevará trabajando aquí cinco años a finales de este año. Afirmativo Sujeto + will + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... Forma larga I shall/will have been working You will have been working He will have been working She will have been working It will have been working We shall/will have been working You will have been working They will have been working Forma corta I'll have been working You'll have been working He'll have been working She'll have been working It'll have been working We'll have been working You'll have been working They'll have been working I'll have been running for over an hour. Llevaré corriendo más de una hora. You will have been saving money for 50 years. Habrás estado ahorrando dinero 50 años. He'll have been preparing dinner for two hours. Llevará preparando la cena dos horas. She will have been waiting for two days. Habrá estado esperando dos días. It´ll have been working properly. Habrá estado funcionando bien. We shall have been teaching English for at least a month. Habremos estado enseñando inglés durante al menos un mes. You'll have been driving over 24 hours Llevaremos conduciendo más de 24 horas. They will have been living together for long. Llevarán viviendo juntos mucho tiempo. Forma larga Sujeto + shall/will + not + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... Forma corta Sujeto + shan´t/won't + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... I shall/will not have been working I shan´t/won't have been working You will not have been working You won't have been working I'll not have been hiding anything. No habré estado ocultando nada. You will not have been watching TV. No habréis estado viendo la tele. He won´t have been playing cards. No habréis estado jugando a las cartas. She´ll not have been using my bike. No habrá estado usando mi bici. We shall not have been fighting each other. No habremos estado pegándonos. You´ll not have been studying hard. No habréis estado estudiando duro. They won´t have been travelling for over a year. No llevaréis viajando más de un año. Interrogativo Afirmativo Shall/Will + sujeto + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... ? Negativo Shall/Will + sujeto + not + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...? Forma corta Shan´t/Won't + sujeto + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...? Afirmativo Negativo Shall/Will I have been working? Shall/Will I not have been working? Shall/Won't I have been working? Will you have been working? Will you not have been working? Won't you have been working? Will I have been cleaning the house for two hours? ¿Llevaré limpiando la casa dos horas? Won't you have been driving fast? ¿No habréis estado conduciendo rápido? Will she not have been living in Japan? ¿No habrá estado viviendo en Japón? Will she have been travelling to New York? ¿Habrá estado viajando a Nueva York? Won't it have been flying to London? ¿No habrá estado volando a Londres? Shall we have been doing the shopping for over two hours? ¿Llevaremos haciendo la compra durante más de dos horas? Won´t you have been watching TV? ¿No habréis estado viendo la televisión? How long will you have been studying when you graduate? ¿Cuánto tiempo llevaréis estudiando cuando os graduéis?
