NAME:___________________YEAR AND SECTION___________________
Activity 3
1. XYLEM
2. ELALOPLASTS
3. PLANT CELL
4. MITOCHONDRIA
5. CELL
6. CHLOROPLASTS
7. RIBOSOMES
8. CHLOROPLASTS
9. ARUM
10. ARISAEMA
Activity 4
Organelles
 CELL MEMBRANE
 CYTOPLASM
 NUCLEUS
Structure nad Function
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane,
provides protection for a cell. It also
provides a fixed environment inside the cell,
and that membrane has several different
functions. One is to transport nutrients into
the cell and also to transport toxic
substances out of the cell.
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills
the inside of a cell. It is composed of water,
salts, and various organic molecules. Some
intracellular organelles, such the nucleus and
mitochondria, are enclosed by membranes
that separate them from the cytoplasm.
The nucleolus is a region found within the cell
nucleus that is concerned with producing and
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assembling the cell's ribosomes. Following
assembly, ribosomes are transported to the
cell cytoplasm where they serve as the sites
for protein synthesis.
 NUCLEOLUS
 NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 RIBOSOMES
 GOLGI BODY /APPARATUS
 LYSOSOMES
 MITOCHONDRIA
 VACOULES
 CELL WALL
 PLASTIDS
is a dense, strained structure inside of the
nucleus that contains ribosome.
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly
regulated membrane barrier that separates
the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic
cells. It contains a large number of different
proteins that have been implicated in
chromatin organization and gene regulation
a continuous membrane system that forms a
series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm
of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple
functions, being important particularly in the
synthesis,
folding,
modification,
and
transport of protein
ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA
and protein that serves as the site for
protein synthesis in the cell.
is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
Part of the endomembrane system in the
cytoplasm, it packages proteins into
membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell
before the vesicles are sent to their
destination.
is a membrane-bound cell organelle that
contains digestive enzymes. ... They break
down excess or worn-out cell parts.
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell
organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that
generate most of the chemical energy needed
to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle.
In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small
and help sequester waste products
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding
some types of cells, just outside the cell
membrane
Plastids
are
core
components
of
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 CENTRAL VACOULES
photosynthesis
in
plants
and
algae
Chloroplasts, as well as any other pigment
containing
cytoplasmic
organelles
that
enables the harvesting and conversion of
light and carbon dioxide into food and
energy, are plastids.
The central vacuole is a large vacuole found
inside of plant cells. .
Activity 5

Organelles
CELL MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASM

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI BODY /APPARATUS

RIBOSOMES
Structure and Function
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane,
provides protection for a cell. It also
provides a fixed environment inside the cell,
and that membrane has several different
functions. One is to transport nutrients into
the cell and also to transport toxic
substances out of the cell.
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills
the inside of a cell. It is composed of water,
salts, and various organic molecules. Some
intracellular organelles, such the nucleus and
mitochondria, are enclosed by membranes
that separate them from the cytoplasm.
a continuous membrane system that forms a
series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm
of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple
functions, being important particularly in the
synthesis,
folding,
modification,
and
transport of protein
is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
Part of the endomembrane system in the
cytoplasm, it packages proteins into
membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell
before the vesicles are sent to their
destination.
ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA
and protein that serves as the site for
protein synthesis in the cell.
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
LYSOSOME

PEROXISOME,

MITOCHONDRIA

VACOULES

NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE


NUCLEOLUS
CHROMATIN

SECRETORY VESICLE

CENTRIOLES
s a membrane-bound cell organelle that
contains digestive enzymes. ... They break
down excess or worn-out cell parts
membrane-bound organelle occurring in the
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. ... Peroxisomes
contain enzymes that oxidize certain
molecules normally found in the cell, notably
fatty acids and amino acids
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell
organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that
generate most of the chemical energy needed
to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle.
In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small
and help sequester waste products. In plant
cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance.
Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most
of the interior space of the plant cell.
The nucleolus is a region found within the
cell nucleus that is concerned with
producing and assembling the cell's
ribosomes. Following assembly, ribosomes
are transported to the cell cytoplasm
where they serve as the sites for protein
synthesis
is a double membrane that encloses the cell
nucleus. It serves to separate the
chromosomes from the rest of the cell. The
nuclear membrane includes an array of small
holes or pores that permit the passage of
certain materials, such as nucleic acids and
proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
is a dense, strained structure inside of the
nucleus that contains ribosome
is a substance within a chromosome
consisting of DNA and protein.
The secretory vesicle is a vesicle that
mediates the vesicular transport of cargo e.g. hormones or neurotransmitters - from an
organelle to specific sites at the cell
membrane, where it docks and fuses to
release its content.
paired barrel-shaped organelles located in
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
CILIA

FLAGELLA
the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear
envelope. Centrioles play a role in organizing
microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal
system. They help determine the locations of
the nucleus and other organelles within the
cell.
Cilia
are
microtubule-based
hair-like
organelles that extend from the surface of
almost all cell types of the human body.
Sensory cilia act as cellular antennae to
sense environmental and morphogenic cues,
for example, during development.
hairlike structure that acts primarily as an
organelle of locomotion in the cells of many
living organisms. . Flagellar motion causes
water currents necessary for respiration and
circulation in sponges and coelenterates.
Most motile bacteria move by means of
flagella.
PROKARYOTICS
Prokaryotics is any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to
the absence of internal membranes. Bacteria are among the best-known prokaryotic
organisms.
The
from eukaryotes.
lack
The
of
internal
membranes
prokaryotic cell
in
membrane is
prokaryotes
made
up
distinguishes
of
them
phospholipids
and constitutes the cell’s primary osmotic barrier. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, which
carry out protein synthesis, and a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chromosome,
which is usually circular. Many prokaryotes also contain additional circular DNA molecules
called plasmids, with additional dispensable cell functions, such as encoding proteins to
inactivate antibiotics. Some prokaryotes have flagella. Prokaryotic flagella are distinct in
design and movement from the flagella found on some eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures, the most
noteworthy of which is the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells tend to be small, simple cells While
prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound structures, they do have distinct cellular
regions. In prokaryotic cells, DNA bundles together in a region called the nucleoid.
Bacteria and archaea are the two types of prokaryotes.
prokaryotes do not have mitochondria. Mitochondria are only found in eukaryotic cells. This
is also true of other membrane-bound structures like the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus
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(more
on
these
later).
One theory for eukaryotic evolution hypothesizes that mitochondria were first prokaryotic
cells that lived inside other cells. Over time, evolution led to these separate organisms
functioning as a single organism in the form of a eukaryote.
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed by
a plasma membrane. Organelles are internal structures responsible for a variety of functions,
such as energy production and protein synthesis.
Other common organelles found in many, but not all, eukaryotes include the Golgi apparatus,
chloroplasts and lysosomes.
Examples of eukaryotes
Animals, plants, fungi, algae and protozoans are all eukaryotes.
The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a
membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store
their genetic information. In prokaryotes, DNA is bundled together in the nucleoid region,
but
it
is
not
stored
within
a
membrane-bound
nucleus.
The nucleus is only one of many membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes, on
the other hand, have no membrane-bound organelles. Another important difference is the
DNA structure. Eukaryote DNA consists of multiple molecules of double-stranded linear
DNA, while that of prokaryotes is double-stranded and circular.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes vary in several important ways - these differences include
structural variation - whether a nucleus is present or absent, and whether the cell has
membrane-bound organelles, and molecular variation, including whether the DNA is in a
circular or linear form.
Plant cells have a cell wall, but animals cells do not. ... Plant cells have chloroplasts, but
animal cells do not. Chloroplasts enable plants to perform photosynthesis to make food. Plant
cells usually have one or more large vacuole(s), while animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if any
are present. At this point it states the diffences among the two.
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