Parts of microcomputer ((Computer
Hardware)



Power Supplies
A power supply provides the needed voltage to
power the various electronic circuits that make
up the PC.
it converts the (AC) current to (DC) current. it
receives external power and AC electricity.
It is covered in a metal box. Within this box, a
transformer converts the current that is
generated from standard outlets into voltages
and current flows that the computer parts need
to operate.
Power Supplies

A fan installed in the power supply prevents
the computer and its components from
overheating by maintaining an air flow.
 Mainly Two types of Power Supplies are
there,
» AT
» ATX
AT power supply

AT-Advanced Technology
 Older version of Power supplies.
 Power switch is not soft-switch one.
ATX Power supply

ATX-Advanced Technology Extended
 New version of Power supplies.
 Power switch is soft-switch one.
 Computer is connected to the power supply
through the motherboard
Power cable connector

The Power Cable Connector is which
connects the power supply cable to the drives.
Once plugged into the device, it furnishes
power to run the CD-ROM, Hard Drive, or any
other drive.
Cooling Systems

The power supply fan helps prevent the
computer components from overheating by
maintaining airflow in the case.
It is designed to disperse the heat away from
the CPU
UPS

Note:
 UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
 UPS is used to protect or save the system
from burn or other problem.
Drive bays

Drive bays are a part of the chassis which is
used to attach drives such as the,



Hard disk
CD/DVD Drives
Floppy drives.
Chassis

The chassis consist of space for,






Motherboard
Power supply
Input/output connectors
Expansion cards
Expansion bays
Switches and wires
Chassis Types

According to the outer appearance and the
device organization inside, chassis are differs.
 Mainly there are two types of Chassis using.


Tower Chassis
Flat-bed Chassis
Tower Chassis
The system unit components are screwed on to the
right side panel of the chassis.
The outer appearance looks like a ‘Tower’.
Input/output connectors attached from the rear.
More popular type in these days.
There are some sub-types of Tower Chassis as well.
Flat Chassis

The older version of chassis types.
 Very rarely used in these days.
 Branded computers still manufacturing these
types of chassis for office environments.
 Flatbeds are more compact and saves
occupying space.
 There are two types of Flat chassis.


Desktop
Slim Desktop
Desktop
Slim-Desktop
The Motherboard

Everything else in the system plugs into it, is
controlled by it, and depends on it to
communicate with other devices on the
system.
 The system board is the largest of the printed
circuit boards and every system has one.
 It houses the CPU, the controller circuitry, the
bus, RAM, expansion slots for additional
cards, and ports for external devices.
 Motherboard uses buses (wires) to transfer
and receive data between devices.
Types of Motherboard

Plain board
 Built-in-board or integrated board
 Plain board
 Plain board is better then built-in-board very
simple board and we can fix all types of
Cards in plain board easily.
 Ex. Compact Board
 Built-in-board
 Built-in-board is also called integrated board.
It comes from company fix.
 LAN Card, V.A.G Card, Sound Card,
Motherboard
Motherboard

Parts of Motherboard
 Power connecter
 Hard Disk, CD Rom and Floppy Disk
Connecter
 BOIS chip
 Battery Cell
 Capacitors

Coils
 Transistor
 Speaker
 Processor Fan power Connection
 Processor socket
 PCI slots
 RAM slots
 System chip
 etc

Power connecter
 This is a place which connect the wiring of power
supply. It has four kinds
 20 holes
 24 holes
 20+4+4=28
 Hard disk and CD Rom connection
 This is a place which we connect the Data cable
for Hard Disk Drive. Both are 39-40 pains
for CD ROM
 FDD (floppy disk drive)
 It has 34 pains
Bios Chips

Basic output input systems
 Bois is an important device or chip, which is used
for displaying something on screen.
 The BIOS is a small chip on the Motherboard that
has the program instruction for start up and
testing of the computer.

Battery Cell
 This is use to Remove the System Password and
also use to Date and Time.
 Capacitors
 In capacitors power is stored and it is used for
controlling the electricity.
Coils

It control the high electricity
 Coils are used to bring charges in the voltage of
power some parts needs less voltage and some
parts needs high voltage
 Types of Coils
 It has two types of Coils
 Step-up
 Step-down
 Step-up increase the voltage and step-down
decrease the voltage
Ports:

On computer and telecommunication devices
a port is generally a specific place for being
physically connected to some other devices.
Parallel Port

The parallel port on your computer is a
commonly used interface for printers. Before
USB ports became so widely used, printers
were connected through this port, as well as
scanners, external hard drives, and network
adapters.
 Each byte (8 bits) of data must be sent
separately to the computer. Instead of
sending each bit individually as well, the 8
bits are all sent at the same time, which
saves a lot of time. They are sent in parallel,
Serial Port




Serial ports have been around for decades. They are
slower than parallel ports.
It is being eclipsed in use by USB ports, but is still in use
for some modems, printers, and digital cameras.
Just as the parallel port transmits data “parallel” to itself
– all 8 bits at a time, the serial port transmits data in
order, one bit at a time.
The advantage of serial ports is that they only need one
wire (instead of 8), but they take 8 times long to send
data. Serial ports are bi-directional, which means that
data can travel in both directions on the wire
PS/2

The PS/2 connector is the port that was
commonly used to connect keyboards and
mouse to a PC. Apple computers, and many
newer PCs, use USB instead of PS/2 for
mouse and keyboards.
The PS/2 port is round, has 6 pins
Ps/2
parallel
serial
I/O ports

I/O stands for Input and Output. The most
common instrument for input is the keyboard.
When you type, you are putting information
into the computer, which is known as input.
The most common instrument for output is the
monitor. When the information has made its
way through the computer, it is sent out to the
monitor for us to see. This is known as output.
I/O ports

I/O (Input/Output) ports are:
 - are PS/2 ports (normally used for mouse
and keyboard connections)
 - USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports
 - serial ports
 - printer port
 - game port for joysticks or other
 game controllers
-video adaptor port

-video adaptor port
 -this port is used to connect the monitor to the
system.
 -it has 9-25 pins
 Game port
 -this port is used to connect game device like
joystick with the system
USB Cable Ports

The Universal Serial Bus, also known as USB,
is found on most desktop PCs and notebooks.
You can connect everything from printers,
scanners and cameras. There are several
different types of USB connections
plug-and-play connectivity, and the ability to
unplug one device and plug another into the
same port without rebooting.
Graphics/Video Card

An expansion card responsible for



Receiving data and instructions from the CPU
Processing the data
Sending the results to the monitor

Or
 The video card - also called graphics card processes and renders the graphics output
from the computer to the monitor.
 The video card’s function is to generate and
output images to a display.
 The video card is one of the expansion cards,
that is plugged into a slot on the computer's
motherboard.
Sound Card


Typical uses of sound cards include
providing the audio component for
multimedia applications such as music
composition, editing video or audio,
presentation/education, and entertainment
(games).
Sound cards enable the computer to output
sound through speakers connected to the
board, to record sound input from a
microphone connected to the computer, and
manipulate sound stored on a disk.
Network card

A network interface card, network adapter,
network interface controller (NIC), or LAN
adapter is a computer hardware component
designed to allow computers to communicate
over a computer network, With this expansion
card, the computer can be connected to a
network
Network card
TV card:

TV tuner card: is a computer component that
allows television signals to be received by a
computer. Most TV tuners also function as
video capture cards, allowing them to record
television programs onto a hard disk
End of chapter