T: Abdelghafour Raquibi
Function
Addition
‫اإلضافة‬
Cause
‫السبب‬
Effect/ Result
‫النتيجة‬
Contrast and
Concession
‫االستدراك‬
‫والتناقض‬
Sequencing
‫التسلسل‬
Summarizing
Concluding
‫الختم والتلخيص‬
Explaining
And giving
examples
‫الشرح والتفسير‬
‫وإعطاء االمثلة‬
Purpose
‫الغاية‬
Emphasis
‫التوكيد‬
Comparison
‫المقارنة‬
Linking Words
in addition, /additionally
furthermore / moreover,
also / too/ as well
Because / as/ since
Because of /due to /owing to
Thanks to
Therefore / consequently,
as a result,
thus/ hence,
for this reason,
Although /Even though
Translation
‫إضافة إلى ذلك‬
‫عالوة على ذلك‬
‫أيضا‬
‫ألن‬
‫بسبب‬
‫بفضل‬
‫وبناء عليه‬
‫ونتيجة لذلك‬
‫وبالتالي‬
‫لهذا السبب‬
‫رغم أن‬
but
However, / Nevertheless,
Nonetheless, yet
Despite / In spite of
Despite the fact that
In spite of the fact that
On the contrary/ conversely
/ In contrast
Whereas/ while
on the one hand ... on the
other hand
First /, second /, third
firstly, secondly, thirdly
To begin with / First of all
Next/ then/ after that
Last/ Lastly/ Finally
Last but not least
In conclusion
To sum up/ in brief
In a nutshell,
‫لكن‬
‫ومع ذلك‬
Computers are cheaper nowadays; furthermore, they are
lighter.
I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired.
I stayed at home because it was raining.
I stayed at home because of the rain.
Thanks to this treatment, her condition has improved.
It was raining, therefore I stayed at home.
She worked hard. As a result, she had good grades.
There was a lot of traffic; thus, we were late.
She's just found out she failed her exams, hence her bad mood.
even though he is rich, he lives in a small house.
“He works hard, but he doesn’t earn much.”
The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to
tackle them soon.
‫ رغم‬/ ‫بالرغم من‬
In spite of the rain, we went for a walk.
We went for a walk despite the rain.
We went for walk despite the fact that it was raining.
The risk of infection hasn’t diminished. on the contrary, it has
increased.
Life in the city is fast, whereas life in the countryside is slow.
Laptops are convenient; on the other hand, they can be
expensive.
‫ في‬/‫على العكس‬
‫المقابل‬
‫بينما – في حين‬
‫ ومن‬... ‫من جهة‬
‫جهة أخرى‬
..‫ ثالتا‬،‫ ثانيا‬،‫أوال‬
Firstly, you should exercise regularly. Secondly, you need to
cut down on fast food. Thirdly, you have to see a doctor
regularly. Last but not least, you should have a balanced diet.
‫ بادئ ذي بدْء‬/‫بداية‬
‫ بعد ذلك‬،‫ثم‬
‫أخيرا‬
ً‫أخيراً وليس آخرا‬
‫ختاما‬
‫خالصة‬
For example
Like / Such as
Namely
in other words, / to put it
differently,
that is to say
In order to / so as to
In order not to/ so as not to
So that
‫على سبيل المثال‬
‫مثل‬
‫تحديدا‬
‫بعبارة أخرى‬
as a matter of fact, / in fact
Undoubtedly
Particularly / in particular
Especially
‫في الحقيقة‬
‫بدون شك‬
‫خصوصا‬
‫خاصة‬
Similarly, / likewise
equally
in the same way,
by the same token,
Example sentences
To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the
problem…
In a nutshell, we’re all responsible for the environment.
Many countries, for example/ such as Mexico and Japan, have
a lot of earthquakes.
“There are 2 problems: namely, the cost and the time.”
He was economical with the truth; in other words, he lied.
I’ll deal with the second point first, that is to say the change to
the club’s rules.
‫ أي‬/‫هذا يعني‬
‫ لكي‬/‫من أجل‬
‫لكي ال‬
‫لكي‬
‫وبالمثل‬
‫على حد السواء‬
‫بنفس الطريقة‬
‫على نفس المنوال‬
He gave up a permanent job in order to freelance.
I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her.
I've reorganized my files so that I can easily find them.
It's not that difficult. As a matter of fact, it's quite easy.
Undoubtedly, this topic is very important.
I love coffee, in particular ones from Brazil
The car is quite small, especially if you have children.
Alex enjoys telling jokes; in the same way/similarly, his son
adores funny stories.
Tajin was delicious. Likewise, the salad was yummy.
.