The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence® McAfee Institute® 311 Water St, Suite 201, Peoria, Illinois 61602 Copyright© 2013, McAfee Institute Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in whole or part without written permission. The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence: A Guide for Cyber Investigators Copyright © 2013 by Joshua McAfee and McAfee Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Published by McAfee Institute, 311 Water St, Suite 201 Peoria Illinois 61602 Publisher’s Note: The author and publisher have taken care in preparation of this book but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and McAfee Institute, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Publisher: Joshua McAfee Editor-in-Chief: Bill Wooters Copy Editor: John Ray 1 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Contents Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 Brief Overview of Chapters ........................................................................ 5 Paid Vs. Free Resources ............................................................................. 8 A Word on Usage ....................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Basics for the Cyber Investigator................................................ 10 The Intelligence Cycle............................................................................... 14 Cyber Investigation Methodologies ......................................................... 16 Cyber Intelligence Preparation ................................................................ 18 Chapter 2: General Search Engines .............................................................. 20 General Web Directories .......................................................................... 20 Search Engines ......................................................................................... 20 Getting Organized for Gathering Open Source Intelligence .................... 21 Intelligence Gathering Strategies ............................................................. 22 Accuracy of Open Source Information ..................................................... 23 Search Features Provided by Google ................................................... 26 Title Searching ..................................................................................... 26 URL Searching ..................................................................................... 27 Link Searching ..................................................................................... 28 Language Searching ............................................................................. 28 Date Searching ..................................................................................... 28 File Type .............................................................................................. 28 Related (Similar) Pages ........................................................................ 29 Other Fields .......................................................................................... 29 Boolean ................................................................................................ 29 Other Search Features .......................................................................... 30 Results Pages........................................................................................ 30 Google’s Advanced Search .................................................................. 31 Chapter 3: Specialized Directories ............................................................... 36 What to Look for in Identifying Web Directories ..................................... 36 Some Examples of Specialized Directories ............................................... 37 Chapter 4: Social Media Websites ............................................................... 41 2 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Website TOS, Privacy Laws and Proposed Regulations............................. 42 Issues with Anonymity ............................................................................. 42 Professional Social Networks ................................................................... 60 Social Networks for Kids........................................................................... 63 Informational Communities ..................................................................... 65 Educational Social Networks .................................................................... 66 Hobbies Social Networks.......................................................................... 66 Academic Social Networks ....................................................................... 67 Chapter 5: Ecommerce, Auction & Classified Sites ...................................... 68 Classified Platforms .................................................................................. 70 Auction Platforms..................................................................................... 78 Chapter 6: Images, Audio and Video............................................................ 82 Capturing Images ..................................................................................... 82 Image Hosting Platforms .......................................................................... 82 Video Websites ........................................................................................ 86 Music Websites ........................................................................................ 88 Chapter 7: News Resources ......................................................................... 96 General Searching Strategy ...................................................................... 96 50 of the Most Popular News Sites .......................................................... 97 Top Italian New Sites .............................................................................. 109 Top French Websites.............................................................................. 114 Top German Websites............................................................................ 118 Top India Websites ................................................................................. 122 Top Canadian Websites .......................................................................... 127 Top Australian Websites ........................................................................ 131 Popular UK New sites ............................................................................. 134 Chapter 8: Dating Websites ....................................................................... 139 Chapter 9: Freelance Websites .................................................................. 146 Seminars Offered by McAfee Institute....................................................... 152 About Us ..................................................................................................... 154 Testimonials ............................................................................................... 155 References .................................................................................................. 159 3 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence This page intentionally left blank 4 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Introduction Cyber intelligence is a hot topic right now and becoming more and more popular everyday due to the vast amount of information available on the internet. Intelligence is the analysis of information we identify online. However, many people believe that gathering intelligence online is as simple as typing a simple search term into Google and “bam,” the information they need appears; it’s accurate, precise, and detailed. This can’t be furthest from the truth. It takes an arsenal of resources & tools at your disposal to locate the information needed for your investigations; coupled with the ability to effectively analyze and disseminate the information appropriately. These are a few of the reasons why the knowledge, experience, and opinions of Cyber Intelligence expert Joshua McAfee are so valuable. From social networks, search engines, news and media sites, video, images and audio, search tools, ecommerce platforms and more. Josh not only addresses these sources of intelligence but explains how you might want to use them. Joshua McAfee has done more than write a book. He’s created a key resource for both those who need a bit of education in the area of Cyber Intelligence and for experienced intelligence professionals who need to verify what a specific intelligence tool offers. I don’t doubt that in a very short period of time your copy will have a ton of notes, highlights, Post-Its and worn out. Brief Overview of Chapters The chapters represented in this book are a depiction of the most common resource available on the internet for intelligence professionals to utilize and the most inquired upon within our training courses. Each of the chapters are open and free flowing often resulting in a different structure from the others, based upon the content. An argument could be made that the chapters could have been divided 5 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence differently. You will notice for example, that there is a chapter on “Social Media Websites,” and you may wonder why there is not a specific chapter on “finding people.” This is because the latter topic encompasses almost every chapter. Every one of these chapters might or might not be of interest to every ready, but you should still love over each of them as you may be surprised at what are sources of intelligence are out there. Although the nature of each chapter means that it has an organization of its own, they all contain some things in common. Typically, each chapter includes these aspects: • Some useful background information, along with suggestions, tips, and strategies for finding and making the most effective use of sites in that area. • Resource guides that will lead you to collections of links to major sites on the topic. • Selected sites. I’ve selected these because (1) they are sites that many if not most readers should be aware of, and/or (2) they are representative of types of sites that are useful for the topic. Deciding which sites to include was often difficult. Many of the sites included in this book are considered to be “the best” in their area, but space limitation means that hundreds of great sites had to be excluded. These difficult decisions were made more palatable, however, because the resource guides included in the chapters will lead you quickly to those great sites— you’re only one or two clicks away. Following is a quick rundown of what each chapter covers. Chapter 1: Basics for the Cyber Investigator This chapter covers background information that intelligence professionals need to know in order to be conversant with Internet 6 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence content and issues. It includes some background for understanding more fully the characteristics, content, and searchability of the Internet. For those who find themselves teaching others how to use the Internet, it provides answers to some of the more frequently asked questions. Among the things included in Chapter 1 are a brief history of the Internet, a look at the kinds of “finding tools” available, issues such as retrospective coverage and copyright, resources regarding citing Internet sources, and others for keeping up-to-date. Chapter 2: General Search Engines This chapter seeks to provide the details and background about internet search engines that intelligence professionals need to know. It examines the largest engines in detail, explaining how to search them effectively and efficiently. Chapter 3: Specialized Directories Specialized directories provide a great starting point for finding information on a very specific topic. This chapter will provide an overview on some of the top specialized directories on the internet that should be a part of your tool box. Chapter 4: Social Media Websites In this chapter we explore the most relevant and popular social networking websites on the planet. Whether you are in the United States, Chine, UK, or Africa, we explore them all and identify ways to get the intelligence you need. Chapter 5: Ecommerce, Auction & Classified Sites This chapter explores the most popular ecommerce, auction and classified sites that are utilized for fraud, human trafficking, fencing stolen goods and more. Chapter 6: Images, Audio and Video Across the internet there are over a billion images video and audio files available for people to explore. This chapter explores the resources and tools that are available for finding valuable information 7 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence like pictures of world leaders, terrorist, stolen goods, accomplices and more. Chapter 7: News Resources This chapter shares the top leading news resources around the world. It explores them and categorizes them by country and explains how to effectively and efficiently find the key intelligence you are looking for. Chapter 8: Dating Websites This chapter explores the leading dating websites on the internet. It explains how to search them, locate people, and identify persons of interest. Chapter 9: Freelance This chapter attempts to provide information about freelance websites that an intelligence professionals need to know. It examines the largest freelance websites, why people register with them and the unique demographic that is contained within. Paid Vs. Free Resources Within this book we explore both free and paid resources. While a majority of them are free resources available to anyone, we did find it necessary to include some relevant and cost effective tools that can be employed during the intelligence process. These tools are resources that have both been utilized and identified over the years are not an endorsement of any kind rather an exploration into that particular type of tool that could prove fruitful during the course of your intelligence gathering. 8 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence A Word on Usage As you begin the intelligence gathering process you should realize that the internet contains a vast amount of information, both within the top layer and deep web. Finding this information and the intelligence you need, will be dependent on the resources and tools you have in your arsenal. You need to first understand what type of information it is that you seek. What type of intelligence will prove fruitful for your investigations? What type of information will you client (agency, prosecutor, supervisor, etc.) need to be considered valuable. Remember we are constantly looking for intelligence that can aide in being Actionable Reliable Prosecutable Disseminate As you explore, keep in mind the following three guidelines to help you get the most value from the Internet: One—“Click on everything.” Two—“Explore things you have never looked at before.” Three—“When you tired, come back and visit it with a clear mind.” Disclaimer Neither the publisher nor the author makes any claim as to the results that may be obtained through the use of The Ultimate Guide of Open Source Intelligence or of any of the Internet resources it references or links to. Neither publisher nor author will be held liable for any results, or lack thereof, obtained by the use of this page or any of its links; for any third-party changes; or for any hardware, software, or other problems that may occur as the result of using it. The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence is subject to change or discontinuation without notice at the discretion of the publisher and author. 9 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 1: Basics for the Cyber Investigator This book is based on the assumption that reader has the basic understanding of searching and navigating the internet – such as how to login, bring up a web browser and conduct basic searches. In this section we explore some of the basic fundamentals as well as some general ways of approaching cyber intelligence. I go into some details already familiar to many readers, but I include this background material for two purposes: (1) so readers might understand more fully the characteristics, content, utility, and nuances of intelligence gathering in the cyber world, in order to search more effectively, (2) to help those who find themselves teaching others how to gather intelligence by providing answers to some of the more frequently asked questions. As for the general approaches to finding the right resources, this chapter provides an overview and comparison of the kinds of “finding tools” available and a set of strategies that can be applied. According to the NATO Open Source Intelligence Handbook, November 2001, there are four distinct categories of open source information and intelligence. 1) Open Source Data (OSD): Data is the raw print, broadcast, oral debriefing, or other form of information from a primary source. It can be a photograph, a tape recording, a commercial satellite image, or a personal letter from an individual. A god example is a reporter embedded with forces in Afghanistan or Iraq. He/she is taking pictures, talking to soldiers, recording conversations and firefights, and taking notes with a pen or pencil. This is considered raw data until it goes through a conversion process to create a coherent product. 10 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 2) Open Source Information (OSI): is comprised of the raw data that can be put together, generally by an editorial process that provides some filtering and validation as well as presentation management. OSI is generic information that is usually widely disseminated. Newspapers, books, broadcasts, and general daily reports are part of the OSI world. An example is a reporter embedded with forces who takes the raw data and converts it into a meaningful article that is printed in newspapers, magazines or broadcasted over the air waves. OSI is what a Soldier would purchase at the bookstore inside the Post Exchange in the form of USA Today or Newsweek. 3) Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): is information that has been deliberately discovered, discriminated, distilled, and disseminated to a select audience, generally the commander and his/her immediate staff, in order to address a specific question. In the case of a battlefield commander, it would more than likely be answering the priority intelligence requirements (PIR) or specific orders or requests (SOR). OSINT, in other words, applies the proven process of intelligence to the broad diversity of open sources of information, and creates intelligence. Example: The meaningful article above (OSI) that was created from raw data is used to support an operation. It’s quite possible that a photo accompanying the article may be of a house known to harbor insurgents. The photo in the article identifies the location and now can be used to support a tailored operation to attack the insurgents. 4) Validated OSINT (OSINT-V): is information to which a very high degree of certainty can be attributed. It can only be produced by an all-source intelligence professional, with access to classified intelligence sources, whether working for a nation or for a coalition staff. It can also come from an assured open 11 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence source to which no question can be raised concerning its validity (live video of an aircraft arriving at an airport that is broadcast over the media). OSINT-V is OSINT for which there are either confirming or unavailable classified sources or there are no available classified sources disputing OSINT. OSINT-V is produced only when the analyst has access to classified sources. a. Example: CNN reporter takes photos and reports on a bridge. Intelligence personnel are aware the bridge is vital for the movement of insurgent supplies; however, CNN is unaware of that. Classified information confirms that such a bridge exists. This in effect validates the reporting as OSINT-V, especially if the bridge is identified to be destroyed to keep insurgents from moving supplies. But, if there isn’t anything in the classified holdings to deny the existence of the bridge, it is still considered OSINT-V since this is the first time the bridge has been observed and reported, and there are other sources like other reporters to backup the findings. b. People in the intelligence business are realists and know that everything cannot be monitored simultaneously; construction of new infrastructure is continuously taking place around the world. We cannot keep track of all new buildings, bridges, roads or airfields being built. This is what makes open source reporting extremely valuable. It covers the areas the classical “INTS” are not assigned to cover. The only time OSINT-V can be disputed is when there is confirming evidence to deny the information. Summary: How do I know when I have OSINT? The simple answer is the analyst does not have OSINT until the open source information has 12 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence been processed and analyzed, and supports a specific requirement. The specific requirement can be a tailored operation or simply answering a question. Analysts have to be very careful when it comes to distinguishing between OSI and OSINT. Open source information exploitation is exactly what the name implies, that which is gathered/collected from open sources. In general, it is information that is available to the general public without restrictions unless it is copyrighted material. These include newspapers, the internet, books, phone books, scientific journals, radio broadcasts, television, individuals, and other forms. On the other hand, OSINT is an intelligence gathering discipline that involves collecting information from open sources and analyzing it to produce usable intelligence, and there isn’t anything that says intelligence must be classified in order for it to have utility. In the Intelligence Community, the term "open" refers to overt, publicly available sources (as opposed to covert or classified sources); it is not related to open-source software. OSINT is distinguished from straight research in that it applies the process of intelligence to create tailored knowledge supportive of a specific decision by a specific individual or group. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is a process of information gathering from public and overt sources, such as newspapers and military trade journals, which produces "actionable intelligence." Far from being the hobby of amateurs, open source intelligence is used by official military and government intelligence agencies on a regular basis. 1. Gather sources: The number of possible open source intelligence outlets is limitless. Some basic ones are newspapers, which report on things like troop and fleet movement, and even civilians who visit other countries and can make relevant observations upon return. Strategy and defense 13 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence information websites, such as Jane's Group, also provide high quality information for you to harvest. 2. Pick a region or topic: Monitoring all varieties of open source intelligence across regional and topical interests takes huge amounts of manpower. To effectively use open source intelligence you should focus on one region or issue at a time. This will help you to stay on top of the latest information and will allow you to develop a background understanding of intelligence items. 3. Connect the dots: Once you have gathered your sources you need to monitor news and information in order to connect the dots. Look, for example, at how heads of state visits coincide with arms sales. Then consider troop and fleet movement against rising tensions in various regions. Use widely available technology such as Google Earth, Bing Maps 3D, and others to get views of important locations. Take all this kind of information and try to deduce the most likely intelligence information from it. 4. Test your theories: One of the best ways to test a theory that you've constructed on the basis of open source intelligence is to publish the theory. You can post theories on strategy discussion forums or you can send your piece to influential military bloggers or even newspapers. Check the responses from other members of the open source intelligence community to see what the criticisms might be. The Intelligence Cycle Equally important to the components of strategic intelligence is an awareness of the strategic intelligence cycle and the debriefer's role within that cycle. The first step is the identification of intelligence gaps. Analysts translate these gaps into intelligence requirements - the second step. In the third step, the strategic debriefer fulfills those requirements. 14 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The fourth step involves preparation of an intelligence report. The fifth and last step is the preparation of an intelligence report evaluation by the originator of the requirement. These evaluations measure the quality of the information as well as the quality of the report writing. The Intelligence Cycle is the process of developing raw information into finished intelligence for policymakers to use in decision making and action. There are five steps which constitute the Intelligence Cycle. 1. Planning and Direction - is management of the entire effort, from identifying the need for data to delivering an intelligence product to a consumer. It is the beginning and the end of the cycle—the beginning because it involves drawing up specific collection requirements and the end because finished intelligence, which supports policy decisions, generates new requirements. The whole process depends on guidance from public officials. Policymakers—the President, his aides, the National Security Council, and other major departments and agencies of government—initiate requests for intelligence. 2. Collection - is the gathering of the raw information needed to produce finished intelligence? There are many sources of information, including open sources such as foreign broadcasts, newspapers, periodicals, and books. Open source reporting is integral to CIA's analytical capabilities. There are also secret sources of information. CIA operations officers collect such information from agents abroad and from defectors who provide information obtainable in no other way. Finally, technical collection—electronics and satellite photography—plays an indispensable role in modern intelligence, such as monitoring arms control agreements and providing direct support to military forces. 3. Processing - involves converting the vast amount of information collected to a form usable by analysts. This is done 15 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence through a variety of methods including decryption, language translations, and data reduction. 4. All-Source Analysis and Production - is the conversion of basic information into finished intelligence. It includes integrating, evaluating, and analyzing all available data—which is often fragmented and even contradictory—and preparing intelligence products. Analysts, who are subject-matter specialists, consider the information's reliability, validity, and relevance. They integrate data into a coherent whole, put the evaluated information in context, and produce finished intelligence that includes assessments of events and judgments about the implications of the information for the United States. Dissemination - The last step, which logically feeds into the first, is the distribution of the finished intelligence to the consumers, the same policymakers whose needs initiated the intelligence requirements. Finished intelligence is provided daily to the President and key national security advisers. The policymakers, the recipients of finished intelligence, then make decisions based on the information, and these decisions may lead to the levying of more requirements, thus triggering the Intelligence Cycle. Cyber Investigation Methodologies In the purest sense, intelligence is the end product of an analytic process that evaluates information collected from diverse sources; integrates the relevant information into a logical package; and produces a conclusion, estimate, or forecast about a criminal phenomenon by using the scientific approach to problem solving (analysis). Intelligence, therefore, is a synergistic product intended to provide meaningful, trustworthy and actionable knowledge to law enforcement decision makers about complex criminality, criminal enterprises, criminal extremists, and terrorists. 16 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The law enforcement intelligence function has essentially two broad purposes: 1. Prevention involves gaining or developing information related to threats of terrorism or crime and using it to apprehend offenders, harden targets, and use strategies that will eliminate or mitigate the threat. Two generally accepted types of intelligence are specifically oriented toward prevention: a. Tactical Intelligence: Actionable intelligence about imminent or near-term threats that is disseminated to the line functions of a law enforcement agency for purposes of developing and implementing preventive, and/or mitigating, response plans and activities. b. Operational Intelligence: Actionable intelligence about long-term threats that is used to develop and implement preventive responses. Most commonly, operational intelligence is used for long-term inquiries into suspected criminal enterprises and complex multi- jurisdictional criminality. 2. Planning and Resource Allocation: provides information to decision-makers about the changing nature of threats, the characteristics and methodologies of threats, and emerging threat idiosyncrasies for the purpose of developing response strategies and reallocating resources, as necessary, to accomplish effective prevention. This is known as strategic intelligence. It provides an assessment of the changing threat picture to the management of a law enforcement agency for purposes of developing plans and allocating resources to meet the demands of emerging threats. While the investigation is clearly related to the information collection and intelligence processes, the intelligence function is often more exploratory and more broadly focused than a criminal 17 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence investigation, per se. For example, a law enforcement agency may have a reasonable suspicion to believe that a person or group of people have the intent, capacity, and resolve to commit a crime or terrorist act. Evidence, however, may fall short of the probable cause standard, even for an arrest for criminal attempt or conspiracy. Moreover, there may be a compelling community safety reason to keep an inquiry open to identify other criminal offenders—notably leaders— and weapons that may be used. Cyber Intelligence Preparation In beginning of our cyber investigations, preparation is critical to our success and intelligence is an important factor in identifying our subject. Purpose of this Intelligence Preparation I. II. Determining the Scope of the Investigation Investigation Scope Identify the Loss (Information, Data, Product, Passwords, Emails, Credit Cards, etc.) Identify an Approximate Date of Loss Location of Loss (Physical, Virtual, Server, etc.) Primary subject/subjects Intelligence Information Background Checks License Plates Driver’s License Employment Application Informants CCTV Include All Possible Subjects Friends Relatives Acquaintances 18 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence III. Preparatory Measures A. Anonymous email account (gmail, aol, yahoo) B. Prepaid credit card with a balance (Vanilla Visa, AMEX) C. Prepaid cellular phone (NET10, Cricket) D. Drop Box (FedEx, Kinkos, etc.) E. Investigator account with platform 19 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 2: General Search Engines Search Engines are the true essence for searching topics and things online. It adds a new dimension by making it easier for people who are in search of finding relevant sources for the information or topics they are looking for. Due to millions of websites currently available online, Search engines are probably best way to search things easily these days. Discussed below are some of the popular search engines which are widely used by people around the globe. General Web Directories General Web directories are a good starting place when you have a very general question (what is al-Qaida, top stolen items), or when you don’t quite know where to go with a broad topic and would like to browse down through a category to get some guidance. Search Engines Whereas a directory is a good start when you want to be directed to just a few selected items on a fairly general topic, search engines are the place to go when you want something on a fairly specific topic (listing of classified websites, how to investigate criminals). Instead of searching brief descriptions of 2 to 3 million Web sites, these services allow you to search virtually every word from 2 to 3 billion Web pages. In addition, Web search engines allow you to use much more sophisticated techniques, allowing you to much more effectively focus in on your topic. The pages included in Web search engines are not placed in categories (hence, you cannot browse a hierarchy), and no prior human selectivity was involved in determining what is in the search engine’s database. You, as the intelligence gatherer, provide the selectivity by the search terms you choose and by the further narrowing techniques you may apply. 20 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Getting Organized for Gathering Open Source Intelligence Both a natural way of organizing the world around us and a way of organizing your thoughts about a search is to think in terms of concepts. Thinking in concepts is a central part of most searches. The concepts are the ideas that must be present in order for a resultant answer to be relevant, each concept corresponding to a required criterion. Sometimes a search is so specific that a single concept may be involved, but most searches involve a combination of two, three, or four concepts. For instance, if our search is for “restaurants in Orlando,” our two concepts are “restaurants” and “Orlando.” If we are trying to identify Web pages on this topic, any Web page that includes both concepts possibly contains what we are looking for and any page that is missing either of those concepts is not going to be relevant. The experienced intelligence gatherer knows that for any concept, more than one term present in a record (on a Web page) may indicate the presence of the concept, and these alternate terms also need to be considered. Alternate terms may include, among other things, (1) grammatical variations (e.g., electricity, electrical), (2) synonyms, nearsynonyms, or closely related terms (e.g., culture, traditions), and (3) a term and its narrower terms. For an exhaustive search in which “Baltic states” is a concept, you may want to also search for Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. In an exhaustive search for information on the production of electricity in the Baltic States, you would not want to miss that Web page that dealt specifically with “Production of Electricity in Latvia.” When the idea of thinking in concepts is expanded further, it naturally leads to a discussion of Boolean logic. In the meantime, the major point here is that, in preparing your search strategy, think about what concepts are involved, and remember that, for most concepts, looking for alternate terms is important. 21 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Intelligence Gathering Strategies Just as there is no one right or wrong way to search the Internet, there can be no list of definitive steps to follow, or one specific strategy to follow, in preparing and performing every search. Rather, it is useful to think in terms of a toolbox of strategies and to select whichever tool or combination of tools seems most appropriate for the search at hand. Among the more common strategies, or strategic tools, or approaches for searching the Internet are the following: 1. Identify your basic ideas (concepts) and rely on the built-in relevance ranking provided by search engines. In the major search engines and many other search sites, when you enter terms, only those records (Web pages) that contain all those terms will be retrieved, and the engine will automatically rank the order of output based on various criteria. 2. Use simple narrowing techniques if your results need narrowing: o Add another concept to narrow your search (instead of hotels Albuquerque, try inexpensive hotels Albuquerque) o Use quotation marks to indicate phrases when a phrase more exactly defines your concept(s) than if the words occur in different places on the page, for example, “foreign policy.” Most Web sites that have a search function allow you to specify a phrase (a combination of two or more adjacent words, in the order written) by the use of quotation marks. o Use a more specific term for one or more of your concepts (instead of intelligence, perhaps use military intelligence). o Narrow your results to only those items that contain your most important terms in the title of the page. (These kinds of techniques will be discussed in Chapter 4.) 22 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 3. Examine your first results and look for, then use, terms you might not have thought of at first. 4. If you do not seem to be getting enough relevant items, use the Boolean OR operation to allow for alternate terms, for example, electrical OR electricity would find all items that have either the term electrical or the term electricity. How you express the OR operation varies with the finding tool. 5. Use a combination of Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT, or their equivalents) to identify those pages that contain a specific combination of concepts and alternate terms for those concepts (for example, to get all pages that contain either the term cloth or the term fabric and also contain the words flax and shrinkage). As will be discussed later, Boolean is not necessarily complicated, is often implied without you doing any- thing, and can be as simple as choosing between “all of these words” or “any of these words” options. 6. Look at what else the finding tools (particularly search engines) can do to allow you to get as much as you need—and only what you need. Advanced search pages are probably the first place you should look. If you ask several different intelligence gatherers and you will get several different strategies for gathering open source intelligence. The most important thing to understand is the different types of resources that are available, and when to use those resources depending upon your intelligence needs. Accuracy of Open Source Information A favorite complaint by those who are still a bit shy of the Internet is that the quality of information found there is often low. The same could be said about information available from a lot of other resources. A newsstand may have both the Economist and The National Enquirer on its shelves. On television you will find both The History Channel 23 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence and infomercials. Experience has taught us how, in most cases, to make a quick determination of the relative quality of the information we encounter in our daily lives. In using the Internet, many of the same criteria can be successfully applied, particularly those criteria we are accustomed to applying to traditional literature resources, both popular and academic. These traditional literature evaluation techniques/criteria that can be applied in the Internet context include: 1. Consider the source. From what organization does the content originate? Look for the organization identified both on the Web page itself and at the URL. Is the content identified as coming from known sources such as a news organization, a government, an academic journal, a professional association, or a major investment firm? Just because it does not come from such a source is certainly not cause enough to reject it outright. On the other hand, even if it does come from such a source, don’t bet the farm on this criterion alone. Look at the URL. Often you will immediately be able to identify the owner. Peel back the URL to the domain name. If that does not adequately identify it, you can check details of the domain ownership for U.S. sites on sites that provide access to the Whois database, such as Network Solution’s (VeriSign) http://www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois. Be aware that some look-alike domain names are intended to fool the reader as to the origin of the site. The top level domain (.edu, .com, etc.) may provide some clues about the source of the information, but do not make too many assumptions here. An .edu or .ac domain does not necessarily assure academic content, given that students as well as faculty can often easily get a space on the university server. A cedilla “ ~ ” in a directory name is often an indication of a personal page. Again, don’t reject something on such a criterion alone. There are some very valuable personal pages out there. 24 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Is the actual author identified? Is there an indication of the author’s credentials, the author’s organization? Do a search for other things by the same author. Does she or he publish a lot on spontaneous human combustion and extraterrestrial origins of life on earth? If you recognize an author’s name and the work does not seem consistent with other things from the same author, question it. It is easy to impersonate someone on the Internet. 2. Consider the motivation. What seems to be the purpose of the site—academic, consumer protection, sales, entertainment (don’t be taken in by a spoof), political? There is, of course, nothing inherently bad (or for that matter necessarily inherently good), in any of those purposes, but identifying the motivation can be helpful in assessing the degree of objectivity. Is any advertising on the page clearly identified, or is advertising disguised as something else? 3. Look at the quality of the writing. If there are spelling and grammatical errors, assume that the same level of attention to detail probably went into the gathering and reporting of the “facts” given on the site. 4. Look at the quality of the documentation of sources cited. First, remember that even in academic circles, the number of footnotes is not a true measure of the quality of a work. On the other hand, and more importantly, if facts are cited, does the page identify the origin of the facts? If a lot rests on the information you are gathering, check out some of the cited sources to see that they really do give the facts that were quoted. Let’s see explore some of the most popular search engines 25 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Google The undisputed leader in the race. It offers the platform to fast, relevant, and one of the largest database of the web pages online. It features Google Images, Maps, and News which are just outstanding services that help in searching pictures, geographic locations and latest news updates. Search Features Provided by Google Both by the menus on the advanced page and prefixes on the main page, Google provides field searching for all of the commonly searchable Web page fields (title, URL, link, language, date), plus searching by file format and for “similar” pages. Title Searching Searches can be limited to words appearing in the page title by either of two ways. On the advanced search page, you can enter your terms in the search boxes, then, under the Occurrences section of the page, choose “in the title of the page” from the pull-down menu. You can also, on the home page, use the “intitle:” or “allintitle:” The “intitle:” prefix specifies that a single word or phrase be in the title. 26 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Examples: intitle:online intitle:“online strategies” “Allintitle:” is used to specify that all words that follow the colon be in the title, and not necessarily in that order. For example, the following would retrieve titles with both words somewhere in the title, not necessarily in that order: allintitle:nato preparedness. These prefixes can be combined with a search for a word anywhere on the page. Example: summit intitle:nato. You cannot do a combination like the one just mentioned using the menus on the advanced page because your single menu choice there will apply to all terms you enter in the search boxes. URL Searching Limiting retrieval to pages from a particular URL is done in a way that is parallel to title searching. You can do it either on the advanced search page with menus or on the home page by using prefixes. On the advanced search page, enter a URL or part of a URL in the search boxes, then choose “in the url of the page” from the Occurrences section of the advanced page. On the home page, you can use the “inurl:” or “allinurl:” prefixes. Examples: inurl:bbc inurl:bbc inurl: “bbc.co.uk” allinurl:bbc co uk On the advanced search page, you can also use the “Domain” box to search for a part or all of a URL (uk, edu, ford.com). To do a “site search” for a particular topic, enter terms for your topic in the search boxes and the URL in the Domain box. A site search can be done on the home page as follows: hybrid inurl:ford.com 27 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The prefix “site:” is almost identical to the “allinurl:” prefix. With “site:”, however, you have to use a search term as well. Example: hybrid site:gm.com. Link Searching To find pages that link to a particular site, you can use the “Links” box in the “Page-Specific” section of the advanced search page by entering the URL in the box, or you can perform the search on Google’s home page by using the “link:” prefix. For example, to find pages that link to the Modern Language Association site, search for: Example: link:mla.org. Language Searching To limit retrieval to a particular language, use the Language menu on the advanced search page. The default is “all languages,” but you can choose any one of over 30 languages. If you wish to make a particular language your default choice, you can do so on Google’s Preferences page. On that same page, you can also choose to have the Google search pages appear in any of those languages. Date Searching The Date window on the advanced search page allows you to limit results to pages that are new in the last three months, six months, or year. Keep in mind that date searching is only an approximation, because the origination date or last updated date is often not clearly identified on most Web pages. File Type Google indexes more file types than any other Web search engine and includes the following in its index in addition to HTML pages: Adobe Acrobat files (.pdf), Adobe Postscript files (.ps), Microsoft Word files (.doc), Microsoft Excel files (.xls), Microsoft PowerPoint (.pdf), and 28 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence rich text format (.rtf.). You can limit your retrieval to any one On Google’s home page, you can accomplish the same thing by using the “filetype:” prefix. For example, if you want a 1099 IRS tax form that you can print out, you could search for: 1099 IRS form filetype:pdf. Related (Similar) Pages You can search for pages that are similar to a particular page by using the Similar box in the Page-Specific section of Google’s advanced search page. Enter the URL of the page in the box. This can also be done by using the “related:” prefix on Google’s home page. Example: related:searchenginewatch.com Other Fields The following prefixes can be used on Google’s home page to search for the information indicated. cache: Enter a URL after the colon and you will get Google’s cached version of the page. Example: cache:www.aps.org info: Enter a URL after the colon to get basically the same information that is shown on a results page when the record for that site is retrieved. Example: info:cyndislist.com stocks: Enter one or more stock symbols after the colon to get links to stock quotes. Boolean On the home page, Google automatically “ANDs” all of your words. You can also use a minus sign in front of a term to NOT a term, and you can use one or more ORs. (The OR must be capitalized.) Example: warfare chemical OR biological -anthrax This search expression would get all records that contain the word 29 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence “warfare” and also contain either “chemical” or “biological” but would eliminate all records containing the word “anthrax.” On Google’s advanced search page, simple Boolean is done by use of the “with all the words,” “with at least one of the words,” and “without the words” boxes. Other Search Features “Wildcard” Words Google allows the use of one or more asterisks for “wildcard” words (not to be confused with “truncation,” which is for wildcard characters within or at the end of a word). You can use the asterisk for unknown words in a phrase search. The use of each asterisk insists on the presence of one word. Example: “erasmus * rotterdam” will retrieve “Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam” and “Erasmus von Rotterdam.” It will not necessarily retrieve any “Erasmus Rotterdam” records. Example: “erasmus * * rotterdam” will retrieve “Erasmus University of Rotterdam,” but not necessarily the “Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam” records. If you want “Franklin Roosevelt” and also “Franklin D Roosevelt” and also “Franklin Delano Roosevelt,” you would search for: “Franklin Roosevelt” OR “Franklin * Roosevelt” Results Pages On Google results pages, it pays to look closely at the entire page and also at the content of the individual records. On the line where Google reports your results, for example, searched the web for belgium. Results 30 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 1 - 10 of about 7,800,000 look for underlined terms. Clicking on them will lead to dictionary definitions from Dictionary.com. Google’s Advanced Search Although, as with other engines, many searches can be effectively accomplished by putting one or two terms in the home page search box, if you need enhanced capabilities, Google’s advanced search page provides them. It has all of the common field search options (title, URL, link, language, date) and less common options as well. In roughly this order, you will find the following on Google’s advanced search page: • Boxes to perform simple Boolean combinations (“all the words,” etc.). • Choice of 10, 20, 30, 50 or 100 results per page. • Choice of searching for documents in all languages or any one of 35 languages. • Option to retrieve only a specific file format (PDF, xls, doc, ps, Ppt, rf). • Date restriction (anytime, last 3 months, last 6 months, last year). • Window to limit retrieval to title or URL fields. • Box for limiting to (or excluding) a particular domain or URL. • Adult content filter option. Bing It has emerged out to be one of the most competitive and probably stands next to Google. Earlier known as MSN Searched and then Live Search and Got new name Bing.com on June 3 2009. The advanced search feature includes the suggestions appearing on the leftmost column with other useful features such as the wiki suggestions, visual search or the related search options. 31 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Yahoo Search Once powered by Google but now powered by Bing after deal with Microsoft. It is still 3rd largest player in search engine business according to various market research surveys. Offers various search options (like google and Bing) including local search, video search, shopping search, apps etc. Altavista Once owned by Yahoo this was one of the best search engines before Google emerged as a bigger player. Although shut down by Yahoo the site is still working and is using the yahoo search engine to deliver search results. The site provides you with a list of trending topics while you search from the search bar. Ask - established in the year 1996 it has been popular for its plain and simple interface, the site delivers search results as good as the biggies like Google or Bing. The feature which makes it stand out of the other competitors is the result groupings for the search results. AOL Search - powered by Google the search engine provides web results from Google. It is combines results with the multimedia as well as contents from AOL and its other media partners such as Blinkx or Map Quest. Mywebsearch - yet another site which is powered by Google Search Results, provides you the platform to search for your related topics. It gives a list of trending topics in a drop down to assist in searching for the trending topics. Moreover it provides you quick access links to sites such as Facebook, Yahoo, Gmail, etc. 32 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Blekko - the site features the option of using slashtags for restricting searched sites on different topics. This site is also popular for providing the public site statistics which is pretty useful to the webmasters. InfoSpace.com - is a search engines offering search for web pages, videos, images, news, yellow pages and white pages. The search engine don’t crawl page on its own but sources search results from popular search engines like Google, Yahoo and Bing and combine them. Site is online since 1996. Duckduckgo - pretty similar in functionality to Google the site is known for its zero click information where it lists down all the search results in the very 1st page. The fact that the site is not clogged with ads as compared to other search engines makes it a pretty useful for the visitors. Topsy - it is one of those sites which are dedicated to displaying search results for the contents published on social networking sites. The search results are real time which helps businesses across the globe for applying social intelligence to take real time decisions. Lycos - this site comes with refined search options where the homepage provides various categories to choose from. It is a North American website which offers email solutions, Yellow Pages and comes with a heavily integrated search engine. Dogpile - it was one of the most powerful search engines and ranked even better than Google a few years ago. Even though it has declined in rankings the site has made several changes to its presentation with a much cleaner and helpful crosslink results. 33 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Info.com - this site features search results pulled from the major search engines such as Yahoo, Bing, and Google. It also lists down shopping and product reviews besides providing a broad selection of health, news, pictures, directions and probably every topic one would search for. Web Crawler - this site provides you with top search results from Yahoo, Bing, and some of the other major search engines utilizing its metasearch technology. It has been known for providing refined as well as multimedia results that includes videos, images, news and other local information. Yandex Worldwide - is basically a Russian search engine but they launched English only search engine in May 2010 to focus on Russians abroad and English users. The company has more than 60% market share in Russia. Yandex.com can process English queries and provide search results for English websites. Start Page - we have also found IXQuick probably part of same network. These two sites are aimed to provide you with more comprehensive as well as accurate search results acquired from other search engines such as Google. The unique capabilities include the advanced search, power GoodSearch - powered by yahoo this site provides you with results which provides relevant search results for contents on web, images, products, and coupons. The site donates 50% of its sponsored search revenue to schools and charities which are designated by its users. Search.com - is a part of CNET Networks this site is known to be one of the best Meta search engines. The results on this site are retrieved 34 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence from AskJeeves, Google, Ask, MSN search, and other biggies from the search engine arena. It also provides instant access to technology sites such as CNET, ZNET, or Download.com. . EntireWeb - known for its search technology solutions this site is an international web search engine displaying general search results. The site handles millions of searches every month delivering ultra-high performance retrieval of information from vast unstructured data sources. Ecosia - it’s a search engine which comes with a difference where it features interesting sponsored links along with the usual search results. The site donates 80% of the income it generates to support WWF for rainforest across Amazon. Amfibi - the site includes its own index of websites along with a directory which uses the Open Directory Project. It offers the features of submitting your site and featured listings on their search results for a nominal amount. Volunia - search results powered by Bing, it is based on seek and meet concept where besides displaying normal search results it shows the trending topics as well. The site comes with a unique chat option on the right of the page which is open to all the visitors for leaving their comments. Yippy Search - the site displays search results combining and generating the top results it obtains from the popular search engines. Based on the metasearch approach it further refines the results of only the best ones and filtering the spam away.. 35 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 3: Specialized Directories For some immediate expertise in Web resources on a specific topic, there is no better starting point than the right specialized directory, or portal. They provide not just a good starting place for effectively utilizing Internet resources in a particular area, but also, very importantly, a confidence in knowing that no really important tools in that area are being missed. The variety of these sites is endless. They can be discipline-oriented or industry-oriented; they may focus on a specific kind of document (e.g., newspapers or historical documents) or take virtually any other slant toward identifying a useful category of resources. What to Look for in Identifying Web Directories For many areas there are numerous directories to choose from. If you want to find the best, several factors must be considered. An excellent specialized directory does not have to be strong in all of these facets, but, depending on your need, you might want to focus on a few particular aspects. They tend to differ mainly in these terms: • Size—Sometimes large is good; sometimes a smaller number of sites to focus on are good. • Categorization/Classification—especially if the number of sites included is large, it is helpful if they are divided by a useful categorization. • Annotations—a large portion of specialized directories (including many very good ones) do not have annotations describing the sites they list. Annotations, though, can be very useful by providing a quick overview of what the sites cover and any special characteristics of the sites. • Searchability—a fairly small portion of specialized directories provide a search box, to save having to browse. If the directory is large, this can be quite useful. 36 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence • Origin—who (or what organization) produced the site is sometimes, but not always, a good indicator of the quality you might expect from the site. • Portal features—if, in addition to the collection of links, other features are included, the site can be especially powerful. Look for such things as news headlines, lists of events (conferences, etc.), professional directories (e.g., a list of members if it is a site produced by an association), directories of companies in that area, and so on. Some Examples of Specialized Directories The following are chosen for a variety of reasons. Some are chosen because they are simply sites that most serious searchers should be aware of. Some are listed here because they demonstrate particularly good or unique characteristics of a specialized directory. Some are given because they are very wide-ranging (as well as having other values as a specialized directory). In some categories, such as Government, more than one is listed in order to provide contrasts between sites. Don’t forget that effective use of a directory approach to identifying relevant sites can mean using a combination of the general Web directories covered in the previous chapter and the specialized directories covered here. In one sense, each section of a general directory such as Yahoo! or Open Directory is itself a specialized directory. Yelp is a good directory because of their online web presence. While their rating system is questionable, it’s a good idea to get yourself a Yelp and link to your website from the Yelp account. Search engine marketing through Yelp is a good idea for small businesses looking to build a reputation. 37 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Yellow Pages is a free service that provides other side marketing services. Yellow pages formed from the need for advertising on the internet, and the increasing use of search via computer. This is not internet advertising, these are free business listings. Manta is a business directory that allows you to advertise on your competitors’ listing. They offer free and premium accounts. No more paying pay per click with organic SEO, such as using Manta to increase your search engine ranking and internet traffic. CitySearch provides business listings for your area. Be careful with this website however, they won’t remove bad reviews, even if they are slander. Hotfrog is an excellent way to get a back link. Their directory is free and you’ll want to link to your website. Hotfrog is great for inbound marketing through advertising agencies. dmoz.org - unquestioned leader of the top ten web-directories is Open Directory Project (dmoz.org). This is actually the premier, reliable human-edited directory over the web. Launched by Rich Skrenta and Bob True on 1998, dmoz.org is currently the best multi-lingual open content web directory. Such reputation was won because of honest (non-commercial) moderation of authorized sites by group of volunteer web editors, a large count of categories and sub-categories that assist in searching required sites and a big list of registered, thoroughly analyzed websites. www.lii.org Librarians’ Internet Index (Lii.org) is one among the most well-known web directories, created as California project in the year 1994. This particular directory soon after took on nationwide and later 38 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence worldwide importance. Lii.org have been updating its data base with all the new top-quality websites for over a decade. On every Thursday, all Lii.org prospects receive a totally free news letter (either RSS or email) which includes a new choice of thematically gathered web sites. E-mail distribution and Well-tuned RSS of lately included websites and ideal ranking are the major features of Lii.org web directory. dir.yahoo.com - Yahoo Directory is a standard web directory, owned and operated by the world famous Yahoo internet search engine. This web directory is probably one among the finest paid directories in internet. Indexing in Yahoo Directory charges you $299 each month. This given web directory has been visited by a large numbers of individuals from USA, and also from several other states. www.vlib.org - Vlib.org is the earliest Web listing, started by Tim Berners Lee (also popular as (HTML creators) in the year 1991. It is well guided by free organization of volunteers. Each and every volunteer accounts for a specific area in which he/she is a specialist. Currently one of the most Vlib.org historical mirrors is being managed by Dave Stevens of the United Kingdom. www.business.com - is a huge venture that combines web directory and internet search engine. Designed by Jake Winebaum in 1999, it is now the biggest paid web directory in the internet. Each month it’s getting visited by more than 60,000,000 people. botw.org - Best of the Web is probably the first web directory, set up by Brandon Plewe in the year 1994. Best of the Web stands apart because of top standard of listings, time proved status and massive traffic. 39 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence stpt.com - starting point – general directories is probably one of the first free web directories on the net from the year 1995. This great directory site presents a beneficial, active site with a large number of categories in addition to sub-categories. webworldindex.com - web world directory is a free directory which was started in 2001. Web World Directory includes a large base of content articles, weblogs and permits submitting articles specialized in web masters. dirjournal.com - directory journal (dirjournal.com) is a masterfully designed general web directory which has proper bunch of genuine directory listings, articles or blog posts. jayde.com - Jayde.com directory, started in 1996 is probably one of the oldest business web directories on the web. Jayde.com is a fully human edited directory site that features a large numbers of distinct and unparalleled business websites (greater than Two million) properly grouped into categories (about 277,660 distinct categories). 40 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 4: Social Media Websites Social network is a term referring to the relationships that connect us with other people. It is the social structure that maps out the relationships between individuals. Although we technically all belong to one giant social network, we also belong to smaller, tighter social networks that are defined by our families, friends, where we live, work, went to school, hobbies, interests, etc. As we meet people, we typically ask basic questions about where they are from, the type of work they do, and where they went to school. Through these questions and others, we frequently discover similar interests and/or realize that we have relationships with some of the same individuals. The goal of social networking sites is to turn this verbal dialogue into a visual framework available for all of your connections (and sometimes your connections’ connections) to see. Thus, by connecting to someone online, people can see relationship connections visually and identify shared interests without having to speak to each other. Social networking sites also allow us to share our lives with “friends” without having to speak or write to each other. These sites allow you to post messages on your site for others to read. The sites also allow you to post photos, videos, and music. People use social networking sites to join groups related to their interests and hobbies. As individuals begin to communicate in this fashion there is a tendency to over-share with others some information that you would not normally provide others, especially people you do not know very well. For example, a few months ago, a very casual acquaintance began posting details about her pregnancy in excruciating detail. This information was posted on her social networking page for anyone connected to her to read. This seems to be the result of our demand for instant and constant communication. 41 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Use of social networking sites is an important tool when handling all types of intelligence cases because it can provide a wealth of useful information that would otherwise be undiscoverable. In order to identify useful evidence, it is important to have an understanding of main social networking sites and the information users frequently provide on their profiles. Website TOS, Privacy Laws and Proposed Regulations Social Media is a key component to profiling a subject of investigation. The pool of information about each individual can form a distinctive “social signature.” But there are limits to the information you can access on social networks due to privacy settings and anonymity. Issues with Anonymity We have a right to it, but websites are not allowing it via TOS. You can be anonymous online, but how can you be anonymous online when social network providers and others ask for real information? If you go into Facebook and set up a profile, the TOS identifies you. You must have a valid e-mail address, but how does the social network know that users are not simply using a random email address and fictitious name? It is not illegal for Internet users to impersonate or create a false identity online. Popularity of a site comes with increased vulnerability of attack. We are seeing an increase in Spoofing (i.e. reset password emails giving the perpetrators ownership of others’ accounts. Be advised that accounts opened under a person’s name can be a result of spoofing, meaning they were not necessarily created by the person whose name is on the account. In the context of network security, a spoofing attack is a situation in which one person or a computer program successfully masquerades as 42 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an illegitimate advantage. Facebook - To access Facebook.com, you must create an account on the site which is free. Facebook's terms of use state that members must be at least 13 years old with valid email ID’s. After updating you're details, your Facebook profile is generated. Using Facebook.com you can: Browse and join networks, which are organized into four categories: regions, colleges, workplaces and high schools. Pull contacts from a Web-based e-mail account, into Facebook.com. Find friends in several ways, including search engine to look for a specific person and lot more. Facebook has recently crossed 500 million users and is the most popular Social Networking site of the world. Background information: Before we get into detail, let's make it clear what exactly we are talking about here. Facebook has three huge search platforms. We are interested in two of them: People search: Contact search (facebook.com/srch.php) and advanced friend search (facebook.com/findfriends/browser/). For the full list of ways to find people, refer to this older Mashable article on finding long lost friends on Facebook. 43 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Auto-complete search was previously showing results from your friends, and is now pulling results from your extended network (friends of your friends). Facebook advanced search (facebook.com/search.php) is the extended version of Auto-complete search and is what you land on if you click the See more results link in the Auto-Complete drop-down. Advanced search The only way you can filter results is by type: People, Pages, Groups, Apps, Events, Web Results (powered by Bing), updates from friends or any update made public. Limitations It's important to remember some things about Facebook search: It is unpredictable. Facebook search relies heavily on your friends and friends of your friends, so you never know what other users see for your search query. It's like Google personalized search, but with a stronger reliance on social connections over any other ranking factors. It relies on exact match and lacks advanced operators (and thus flexibility). Unlike Twitter search, Facebook gives you no freedom with your query. You can't exclude one word while including another one. You can't filter results by location and so forth. Facebook Advanced Search Operator Facebook search relies too much on exact matches. For any two words, you will only see results that contain both of your terms. But what if I want to see combined results for two words used in the query? Luckily, there's a hidden operator. For example, twitter | facebook search will trigger results containing either "twitter" or "facebook" (or both): 44 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence MySpace - on MySpace, your social network starts growing from the first day. When you join MySpace, the first step is to create a profile. You then, invite friends to join there and search for your friends on already profiled on MySpace these friends become your initial Friend Space. Once the friendship is confirmed all the people in your friends' Friend Space become part of your network. In that sense, everyone on MySpace is in your Extended Network. As part of terms of MySpace, the user must be at least 14 years old to register. Twitter - is a very simple service that is rapidly becoming one of the most talked-about social networking service providers. When you have a Twitter account, you can use the service to post and receive messages to a network of contacts, as opposed to send bulk email messages. You can build your network of contacts, and invite others to receive your Tweets, and can follow other members' posts. Twitter makes it easy to opt into or out of networks. Additionally, you can choose to stop following a specific person’s feed. Background information Twitter search can be accessed from your Twitter home page, as well as from a separate subdomain. Twitter search focuses on real-time 45 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence results; however, Twitter has introduced important algorithm changes that push particularly hot and "promoted" tweets above the real-time results. Advanced search: The official Twitter search is a powerful tool. From there (as well as by using search operators) you can: 2. Adjust your query (exclude any word/force any word/force the exact match, etc.). 3. Set the language of search results. 4. Filter search results by user name (to see tweets from a user or mentioning some user). 5. Set the local filter (to see tweets near a location). 6. Play with emotional coloring (using the smile emoticons) as well as search for tweeted questions. 7. Include or exclude retweets. 8. Restrict results to those containing links. 9. While the above options are certainly effective, the most useful one is hidden. Twitter Advanced Search Operator: Filter Out Links Both Twitter Advanced Search and twitter.com/search offer easy ways to only show tweets that contain links. However, because most tweets already contain links, in many cases the searchers are most likely to look for the opposite: a way to see tweets that have no links in order to filter out numerous updates around the same popular URL. This option is invaluable for real Twitter conversations. 46 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence To filter out all tweets containing links, you need to use -filter:links operator within your search query. The minus sign is crucial: As you can see, it can be a handy way to find great quotes, sincere opinions, reviews and discussions. LinkedIn - LinkedIn is an online social network for business professionals, which is designed specifically for professional networking, to help them find a job, discover sales leads, connect with potential business partners. Unlike most of the other social networks, LinkedIn does not focus on making friends or sharing media like photos, videos and music. To start using LinkedIn you need to register and create a profile page. To register to LinkedIn, you need to provide personal information. You can update the profile with your education and job details and a summary. Additionally, you can also give and receive recommendations from co-workers and bosses. There are more than 75 million professionals registered on LinkedIn. 47 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Background Information LinkedIn has a well-developed search platform that is broken into six independent sections: People, Updates, Jobs, Companies, Answers and Groups. All of these sections offer mixed suggestions (possible results from several sections) as you type. Advanced search Each of the above sections has a huge range of advanced search options, listed below: People: Filter results by location, relationship, (past) industry and school. More options are available for premium members. Updates: Filter results by your connection level, see updates from your immediate network, from friends of your friends or your third-level network, as well as set the time range, location, etc. Jobs: Filter results by how fresh they are, experience required, industry, etc. Companies: Filter results by location, industry, relation, company size, fortune, etc. 48 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Answers: Filter by categories. You can add multiple categories. Groups: Filter by category and language. With such a variety of options, you are unlikely to ever need any more of them. However, there are some really handy Boolean operators, which can make search even more efficient. LinkedIn Search Boolean Operators Exclude any term while staying within your topic. For example: blogging -coach. Compare the results below: Combine two search terms within one search if you, for example, want to find people who mention both "blogging" and "marketing" in their profiles: 49 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Choose to see at least one of your terms within search results. This one is similar to Facebook's operator mentioned above. For instance, search for blogger OR freelance writer: Bebo - In the United Kingdom, Bebo is the second best social network. Bebo allows users to create social networking profiles for free. It offers many of the same features as other social networking sites. You can register a free account with Bebo and upload photos, videos and information. The site lets you connect with old friends and make new ones using a unique user interface. The site boasts users from more than a dozen countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Poland, France and Germany. Friendster - was one of the first Web sites to bring it into mass culture. It was designed as a place to connect with friends, family, colleagues and new friends over the Internet. However, it went beyond just a oneway communication. Using Friendster, you can connect with friends and family, meet new people through the connections you already have, find people with similar interests, backgrounds or geographical 50 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence locations, join groups by activity, school or interest, interact through message posts, games, blogs and application sharing, and share your details with the Internet community. Hi5 - shares many similarities with many social network sites; however, it introduces some twists that make it worthwhile for people who love trying out new and interesting online communities. However, it is not one of the popular sites in the United States. This was a strategic move from the founder, therefore, Hi5 claims around 60 million members from more than 200 countries other than the US. One of the site's biggest transformations is the addition of many entertainment options, including games. Habbo - is inhabited by pixelated, cartoon-character alter egos. You can meet others in public rooms (nightclubs, restaurants, shops) and create private rooms for selected friends. Habbo employees heavily moderate the site, catering to its solid teen user base. Most of the users of Habbo are between the age group of 13 – 18 years. Although, a major part of the users are from the U.S., Habbo social networks is very popular in places like the United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Finland and more. NING - is the leading online platform for the world's organizers, activists and influencers to create social experiences that inspire action. It helps you create a safe and secure place online for like-minded people. Ning takes the idea of groups to a whole new level. The ability to create your own community makes Ning a great home away from home for organizations and groups looking to fill the social void. Classmates - is different from most social networks, in the sense that most of its features are available to premium member. The price for 51 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence premium members depends on the length of the agreement – shorter term results in a higher cost per month. Classmates.com is primarily used to reconnect with old classmates. The site features a search engine that lets you view other people who went to the same school you attended. Creating a basic Classmates.com profile is free and easy. However, most of the advanced features in Classmates.com are only available to paid users. Tagged - is a blend of social networking features that MySpace and Facebook users will find very familiar. Tagged was designed to help users meet lots of new people with similar interests in a short amount of time. You can access and register directly or be invited by a friend to join Tagged. This is a free social network that allows you to view your friends’ newly uploaded Tagged photo album. Tagged encourages its users to meet strangers based on shared interests, with the idea of growing your network to meet as many people as possible. myYearbook - the best place to meet new people and one of the 25 most-trafficked sites in the United States. myYearbook has Flash-based games, and the games incorporate Lunch Money (the myYearbook virtual currency). It includes a virtual economy through which people can purchase of gifts which members send to each other. Lunch Money is also donated by members to their favorite charity. In 2010, myYearbook donated money to the Haiti Relief Fund to help victims of the earthquake in Haiti. Meetup - is an online social networking portal that facilitates offline group meetings in various localities around the world. It makes it easy for anyone to organize a local group or find one of the thousands already meeting up face-to-face. More than 2,000 groups get together in local communities each day, each one with the goal of improving 52 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence themselves or their communities. MyLife - (formerly Reunion.com) is a social network service. MyLife can search over 60 social-networking sites and other information resources on the Web. MyLife searches the web to deliver accurate and timely results. Even in cases when you don't immediately find who you're looking for, MyLife continues searching and provides updates and alerts. MyLife suggests friends and contacts you may know based on your profile information and existing contacts. It also intimates you when someone else is looking for you. MyLife gives you a global view into the most popular sites your friends are part of, including LinkedIn, Facebook and MySpace as well as 50 other sites. Flixster - is a social networking site for movie fans. Users can create their own profiles, invite friends, rate movies and actors, and post movie reviews as well. From the site, people can also get information about movies, read user-generated movie reviews and ratings, converse with other users, get movie show times, view popular celebrity photos, read the latest movie news, and view video clips from popular movies and TV shows. Flixster.com also operates leading movie applications on Facebook, MySpace, iPhone, Android, and BlackBerry. myHeritage -is a family-oriented social network service and genealogy website. It allows members to create their own family websites, share pictures and videos, organize family events, create family trees, and search for ancestors. There are more than 15 million family trees and 91 million photos on the site, and the site is accessible in over 35 languages. Multiply - is a vibrant social shopping destination, but faster and more convenient, where sellers and buyers interact. A user's network is made 53 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence up of their direct contacts, as well as others who are closely connected to them through their first-degree relationships. Users are also encouraged to specify the nature of their relationship with one another, making it possible to share content based on relationship. Many shoppers in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam have made the Multiply Marketplace a favorite shopping destination. Orkut - is a free social networking website where you can create a profile, connect with friends, maintain an online scrapbook and use site features and applications to share your interests and meet others. The prerequisite for logging on to Orkut is that the user must be over 18 years old. Currently, Orkut is the most popular in Brazil. The number of Orkut users in India is almost equivalent to those in its original home in the United States. Badoo - is a multi-lingual social networking website. It is gaining popularity in emerging markets like Russia and Brazil. The site allows users to create profiles, send each other messages, and rate each other’s profile pictures at no cost. However, features that are designed to make user profile more visible to other users are provided at a cost. Badoo includes geographic proximity feature that identifies users’ locations based on analysis of their network connection. This lets users know if there are people near their current location who may wish to meet. Gaia Online - is a mix of social networking and massive multiplayer online role-playing games. It is a leading online hangout for teens and young adults, and offers a wide range of features from discussion forums and virtual towns to fully customizable profiles and avatars. It provides a fun, social environment that inspires creativity and helps people make meaningful connections around shared interests such as 54 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence gaming, arts and anime. BlackPlanet - initially, BlackPlanet was designed as a way for AfricanAmerican professionals to network. Since then, it's grown and evolved as a site operating under the principles of Web 2.0. Members can read other members' blogs, watch music videos, chat with one another, look for new careers and discuss news. Though BlackPlanet is not restricted to any community, this site is more popular amongst AfricanAmerican. This site helped Obama to connect to nearly 200,000 potential supporters. SkyRock - is a social networking site that offers its members free web space where they can create a blog, add a profile, and exchange messages with other registered members. The site also offers a specific space for members who create blogs showcasing their original musical compositions. SkyRock is very popular in France and French speaking markets including Switzerland and Belgium. The site is also available in English, German, Dutch and Spanish. It’s very popular in the European Union. PerfSpot - provides a web portal for people of any age, gender, or background to share their interests and favorite things on the web. PerfSpot currently publishes its site in 37 different languages, with comprehensive moderator team based in the U.S. and the Philippines that screens through up to a million pictures on a daily basis. Zorpia - is a social network that has a large international community. Zorpia’s features include profile customization, networking features and an incredibly detailed search. Zorpia has an impressive music section featuring popular artists like Ashlee Simpson, Vanessa Hudgens, Alanis Morissette and more. You can purchase a Royal 55 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Membership for extra networking options such as an ad–free profile, extra profile design features and unlimited messaging. Netlog - (formerly known as Facebox and Bingbox) is a Belgian social networking website specifically targeted at the European youth demographic. On Netlog, you can create your own web page with a blog, pictures, videos, events and much more to share with your friends. Netlog is pageview market leader in Belgium, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Romania and Turkey. In the Netherlands, Germany, France and Portugal, Netlog covers the second place. Pan European, Netlog is the market leader. Netlog is localized in over 25 languages, to enable users from around the world to access the network. Tuenti - is an invitation-only private social networking website. It has been referred to as the "Spanish Facebook”, by many social network watchers. It is one of the largest social networking sites in Spain. It allows you to set up a profile, upload photos, link videos and connect and chat with friends. Many other utilities, such as the ability to create events, are also offered. From 2009, utilizing a simple interface, Tuenti user can change their language to Catalán, Basque, Galician, and English. Tuenti is also available as an iPhone App. Nasza-Klasa.pl - is considered one of the largest and most used social networking sites in Poland. It primarily brings together school's students and alumni. The site is in polish therefore restricting its popularity only to Poland and polish speaking people. Nevertheless, it claims to be the most popular networking site in Poland, and therefore, has found its niche in the competitive social networking space. The site where one might say, new meets old, where the intractability is like Facebook, yet traditional with old styled forums. 56 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence IRC-Galleria - has been one of the most popular social networking sites for over 10 years, in Finland; with over 5.5 lakh registered users, 90% of which use the site regularly. IRC-Galleria is popular within the age group of 18-22. To be able to create an account with this site, at least one of the uploaded images must be accepted by the administrator. While regular users can upload only up to 60 visible images, you have the option to upgrade to VIP status that enables you to upload 10,000 visible images. Using this site, users can communicate with other users, comments on photos, and join over a 100 communities. StudiVZ - is the biggest social networking site in Germany. It is also popular in German-speaking countries like Switzerland and Austria. This site works as a student directory in particular for college and university students in Europe. The site allows students to maintain a personal page that containing their personal information like name, age, study subjects, interests, courses and group memberships (within StudiVZ). Xing - (formally known as openBC/Open Business Club) is a professional networking tool. It is popular in countries like Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy and France. Xing is similar to LinkedIn and claims to have professionals from over 200 countries. Xing has two features Basic and Premium, depending on weather the user wants to use the site for free or at a cost. It is available in different languages including English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Dutch, Chinese, Finnish, Swedish, Korean, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Turkish and Hungarian; French and German being the most popularly. Renren - (formerly called Xiaonei Network) is one of the largest social networking sites in China, and caters to people of Chinese origin. It is very popular amongst college students. Renren also has a WAP 57 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence version, which users can access through mobile phones. It features an instant messaging service for its users. Users can use the same username to log in both Renren and Kaixin. Renren appeals more to Chinese college students who use internet cafes, while Kaixin001 targets Chinese white-collar workers who have internet access at work. Kaixin001 - is a popular professional networking tool in China. The target audience for Kaixin’s, are typically white-collar middle class who come from a first tier city. This site in China is extremely popular among people who work for multinational companies, ad agencies and other white collar companies. Kaixin001 has gained much more popularity since 2009, because social networking sites, such as Myspace, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube were blocked in China. Hyves.nl: Hyves, pronounced hives (from beehives) is the largest social network in Netherlands, with many Dutch visitors and members. Hyves Payments and Hyves Games, allows you to play games and pay friends through the social network. Hyves provides usual amenities of a social networking site, including profiles, blogs, photos, and so on. ‘Hyven’ (Hyving) became a common word in Dutch, and is gaining popularity across Europe. Millat Facebook: MillatFacebook is a Muslim-oriented social networking website. Originally launched in Pakistan, it has gained popularity in Arab counties as well. This site came into existence after Facebook was banned in Pakisthan. Millatfacebook offers video chat, bulletins, blogs, polls, shout box, and customization of profile page. Members can change the page CSS and design it on their own will. Ibibo: Ibibo stands for iBuild, iBond. It is an Indian social networking site. It is an umbrella site that offers a variety of applications under its 58 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence social network. The services offered include games, blogs, photo unlimited storage, mail, messenger, videos, free SMS service, mail, polls and surveys. Sonico: Sonico is a free-access social networking website focused on the Latin American audience. You can do a to rage of things in this site including search and add friends, interact with friends over message, update their own personal profile, manage their privacy, upload photos and videos, organize events, play games with other users. Sonico, more importantly, let’s its members more control over their profile by giving them three distinct profiles that the user can organize based on the need: a private profile, a public profile, and a professional profile. This site is popular in Latin America and other Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Regions. Wer-kennt-wen: Wer-kennt-wen, is one of the most popular social networking website in Germany. It is by an invitation-only social networking website, and only for people over 14 years old. The site provides the user to write blogs, chat with friends, and write in their guestbook. It provides users a social community for people, to interact with anybody they want. Cyworld: Cyworld is a South Korean social network service. It has had a big effect on Korea’s Internet culture. Many renowned Korean socialites and celebrities have accounts where they post upcoming tours and works. Cyword has networks in South Korea, China, and Vietnam and is gaining popularity across Asia and the Pacific Island. Users have access to a profile page, photos, drawings and images uploading, an avatar, neighbourhoods, and clubs. Mixi: Mixi is primarily for Japanese. Mixi offers options to meeting 59 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence new people, send and receive messages, writing in a diary, read and comment on others' diaries, organize and join communities and invite their friends. The site requires users to own a Japanese cell phone which bars anyone who is not or has not been a resident of Japan. iWiW: iWiW (abbreviation for International Who is Who) is a Hungarian social networking web service. The site is an invite-only website, where a user can provide personal information. Users can search for friends using the search tool. iWiW allows users to log in to external websites using their iWiW credentials. iWiW is also available for iPone and Android. Professional Social Networks Because there are now so many different online networking sites out there, it can be hard to figure out which are the best ones specifically for business professionals to be apart of. Professional social networks are designed to provide opportunities for career-related growth. Some of these types of networks provide a general forum for professionals to connect, while others are focused on specific occupations or interests. A few examples of professional social networks are listed below. LinkedIn. This is a general professional social networking site which is important to be active on because of its sheer popularity. The diversity of the types of people on this site is its biggest benefit as well as its biggest drawback. Luckily, there are a lot of features to make up for the problems of having such a broad network including a job search feature, an easy-to-use interface and a professional working atmosphere. Gather. Gather is an online social networking site similar to Facebook in that there may be tons of different people on it. The difference here is that Gather is better at allowing you to easily find contacts and 60 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence information about the topics that interest you most. This can be great for people who want to network within specific interest areas. Ryze Networking. This social networking site is specifically designed as a network intended to assist you in expanding your circle of business contacts. The motto on this site is that it can be used to "build your network before you need it" which pretty much sums up the mentality of the majority of people working here. Direct Matches. This is a social networking site that goes one step further and combines features of a matchmaking site to bring together business professionals with similar interests and goals. It is a site which is favored by the entrepreneurial professional who specifically works in the Web 2.0 world. Xing. This is another great social networking site although it tends to be more popular overseas than in the United States. It's great for entrepreneurs who want to network at an international level with a relatively intimate group of online people. Ecademy. This is a great professional social networking site. Its interface looks a little bit like the dashboard of remote collaboration software programs so it's a bit more geared towards the professional who works frequently online. The site also offers special deals to business people such as discounts on business cards. Ziggs. This site takes an interesting approach which is to encourage its users to consider the Ziggs page to be a one-stop marketing tool for their image. This is exactly what your online networking profiles ought to be so it's great that there's a site out there designed specifically with this intention in mind. The downside is that not a lot of people are 61 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence using this site in comparison with some of the others so you may find that your networking abilities on the site are rather limited. Networking for Professionals. This site merges both online and offline social networking to create a business atmosphere that makes sense in the modern world. It's good for meeting new professionals as well as maintaining contact with people you already know. Unlike the other sites on this list, you have to pay a membership fee to join this one. That's a drawback if you're just a minimal user but it's a good thing if you're serious about networking because you'll be meeting others who are also serious about it. Care2. This is a green social networking site so it's not one that's specifically geared towards business. However, it's increasingly important for all entrepreneurs to be able to show some commitment to being green. Doing so while also building up a social network isn't a bad idea. Plaxo. One thing that you'll discover after doing a lot of social networking is that there are levels to the people in your network. For those people that you want to maintain the closest, most private contact with, this social networking site is the best bet. It makes use of multimedia tools to keep you updated on what's going on with your network. It's ideal for entrepreneurs who want to share information about their work in small doses, starting with the people that their closest to in the business world. NetParty. Some people are interested in social networking that will actually allow them to meet people in person. This is an online site that takes social networking and turns it up a notch by organizing events and parties for the people in the network. It's best for people who live 62 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence in or work in the major cities of the United States since that's where events are concentrated. It's specifically designed for young professionals so if you're seeking to meet young folks with a passion for professional pursuits as well as for partying, it's a good place. Classroom 2.0: Social network specifically designed to help teachers connect, share and help each other with profession-specific matters Nurse Connect: Online community designed to help individuals in the nursing profession connect and communicate with each other Social Networks for Kids Fanlala It has all the features of a traditional MySpace-style social networking site, with blogging, sharing, and group features. The monitoring settings offer you the choice to approve kids’ posts and friend requests. Fanlala requires parents to verify their identity by phone, credit card, or fax. 63 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Edmodo Teachers use Edmodo to connect with their classes in a safe, easy way and customize virtual classrooms for each learner. Edmodo allows teachers and students to collaborate, share content, and access homework, grades, and school notices. Club Penguin Parental consent is required for kids to join Club Penguin, a Disney massively multiplayer online game (MMO) site, and the game is moderated at all times. Kids can report problems with an easy click of the moderator button when something’s not quite right. You can set things up so your child can only see preset chat options, but even with 64 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence prewritten chat settings turned off, filters exclude inappropriate words or personal information. Fantage Fantage is another MMO site. Members of Fantage are free to explore the world with avatars that use hoverboards to get from place to place. Jordan told us with excitement about all the features available at Fantage such as fashion shows, games, and engaging social aspects. Theme parties are held from time to time where kids can dress their avatars in costumes like Alice or the Queen of Hearts. Informational Communities Informational communities are made up of people seeking answers to everyday problems. For example, when you are thinking about starting a home improvement project or want to learn how to go green at home, you may perform a web search and discover countless blogs, websites, and forums filled with people who are looking for the same kind of information. A few examples include: Super Green Me: Online community where individuals interested in adopting green living practices can interact 65 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence HGTV Discussion Forums: Connect with individuals interested in home design improvement via the HGTV message boards Do-It-Yourself Community: Social media resource to allow do-ityourself enthusiasts to interact with each other Educational Social Networks Educational networks are where many students go in order to collaborate with other students on academic projects, to conduct research for school, or to interact with professors and teachers via blogs and classroom forums. Educational social networks are becoming extremely popular within the educational system today. Some examples of such educational social networks are listed below. The Student Room: UK-based student community featuring a moderated message board and useful resources related to school The Math Forum: A large educational network designed to connect students with an interest in math, this site provides interaction opportunities for students by age group. ePALS School Blog: This international social network for K-12 students is designed to build international connections to promote world peace. eLearners: This social networking community is designed to help online degree students connect with each other via forums and message boards. Hobbies Social Networks One of the most popular reasons many people use the Internet is to conduct research on their favorite projects or topics of interest related 66 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence to personal hobbies. When people find a website based on their favorite hobby, they discover a whole community of people from around the world who share the same passion for those interests. This is what lies at the heart of what makes social networks work, and this is why social networks that are focused on hobbies are some of the most popular. A few examples of hobby-focused social networking sites include: Oh My Bloom: Social media site specifically for gardening enthusiasts. It features groups, forums, blogs, video content and more. My Place at Scrapbook.com: Designed specifically for scrapbooking enthusiasts, users can create profiles, share information, post updates and more. Sport Shouting: An online destination for sports fans to voice their opinions and connect with other enthusiasts. Academic Social Networks Academic researchers who want to share their research and review results achieved by colleagues may find academic-specific social networking to be quite valuable. A few of the most popular online communities for academics are: Academia.edu: Users of this academic social network can share their own research, as well as follow research submitted by others. Connotea Collaborative Research: Online resource for scientists, researchers and clinical practitioners to find, organize and share useful information. 67 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 5: Ecommerce, Auction & Classified Sites This chapter will explore ecommerce, auction and classified websites. The following websites are really geared towards finding online fraudsters, organized retail crime rings and a whole host of other types of online fraud. We will explore the leading ecommerce platform below. Online auctions have grown into a very lucrative business. Internet auction fraud is currently the number one fraud committed over the Internet. The Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) lists auction fraud entailing 64% of more than 90,000 complaints received. I. Auction Fraud Involves: A. non-delivery; B. stolen goods; C. counterfeit merchandise; D. triangulation; E. black- grey market goods; F. multiple bidding; G. multiple accounts; H. identity theft; I. multiple locations; and J. multiple platforms 68 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence II. Platforms 1. EBay 6. Facebook Market 11. classifiedads.com 2. Overstock.com 7. Kijiji 12. olx.com 3. Ubid 8. eBay Market Place 13. yakaz.com 4. Craigslist 9. webstore.com 14. sell.com 5. Ibid 10. eBid.com 15. Oddle.com III. Product Theft Cycle IV. Product of Interest Investigations of organized retail crime rings and auction fraud have uncovered a wide variety of goods targeted to be stolen and resold on the black market. One researcher has noted that CRAVED items (Concealable, Removable, Available, Valuable, Enjoyable, a dissposable) are more often targeted because of the ease with which criminals can remove these items from stores and convert them into cash or other valuables. 69 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence V. Desirable Products Premium Razor blades; Coffee; Baby Formula Consumer electronics Apple Electronics (such as DVD players Face creams and GPS units); Analgesics; Fragrances; Smoking cessation Infant formula; Batteries; products; Designer, logo, and Music and game DVDs; leather and apparel and shoes (particularly Over-the-counter (OTC) medications and athletic); test kits. Name-brand power Printer Ink tools; Vacuum cleaners; Classified Platforms Craigslist This website provides a vast resource of almost everything like jobs, services, goods, housing, local activities, romance etc. The nickname or 70 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence alternate web address of this site is cl.com. Jim Buckmaster is the CEO of craiglist and Craig Newmark started it in the year 1995. Backpage Backpage is a hugely popular classifieds site dealing with all sorts of things that you would have liked in a classifieds site. Whether it’s regarding the sale of an apartment next to your house or requirement of a lead guitarist in a metal band, you can find everything here. It is pretty easy to use and the site is operated from Phoenix and Dallas. You also have the option to post your ads and make it prominent among the rest through various premium placements. Kijiji After its launch in the year 2005, Kijiji quickly became the most popular local classifieds website in Canada. Residents of the same city found it convenient to sell, trade, buy, and help each other with services, jobs, goods, housing and cars. Kijiji is also famous to be a website which offers you a service to recycle your goods. Gumtree - Michael Pennington and Simon Crookall are the founders of this website which was mainly aimed towards housing classified ads especially for the people of London. Now with over 13.7 million users every month, it boasts of being the top classified site in the U.K. One can find everything here such as jobs, cars, flats, furniture, tutors, and 71 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence many other things. Recently it made a record of attracting 11.1 million users in a week and spans across 48 cities in the United Kingdom and Scotland. OLX - irrespective of your place of residence, you can use this website to trade, buy, sell, organise, discuss and meet different people. It is an online classifieds site which is totally free, operating in 96 countries and 40 different languages. It is a privately held company found in the year 2006, and has grown ever since by building separate dedicated sites for different countries. eBay Classifieds - part of eBay’s Kijiji network is aimed towards making life easier and simpler for people by offering almost everything like cars, bikes, apartment, babysitter, jobs etc. This site has been operating worldwide from the year 2004 and is based in San Jose, California. With over 150,000 posts every month and millions of users, it is surely one of the top classified ads site. Oodle - this site is here to use the power of social media to reinvent online classifieds. Consumers regard it as a good marketplace to trade, sell or buy. It is a private organization based in San Mateo, California. With more than 15 million users, Oodle operates in different networks of online marketplaces including Marketplace found on Facebook and Oodle. Real estate agents, car dealers and local property managers can join the site and make good use of it. It has partnership with leading corporations like autotrader.co.uk to sell its Oodle Pro product. QuickR – was launched in 2008, Quickr is an online classified site based in India and only serves Indian market. Just like other leading classified sites, it also offers city based classified websites where user can find other classifieds or post their own free ad. They currently offer 72 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence more than 160 categories and covers 83 cities. The site was earlier known as Kijiji.in and part of eBay’s Kijiji network. iNetGiant - is among the rapidly growing online classified websites. Presently this website serves to over 50 countries worldwide and offers its users with vast resources of various products in various categories like business, services, vehicles, properties, jobs, community, etc. It is pretty easy to post your ad out here and to make it popular the site offers you with various options. Classified Ads - is a free classified ads site that deals with everything starting like real estate, cars, jobs, furniture, etc. Nothing is charged from the users for posting, browsing, contacting sellers whereby a lot of effort is made towards filtering and monitoring the contents of the website. Operating worldwide this site guarantees the delivery of quality goods and has a lot of popularity among its users. TradeMe.co.nz - founded in 1999 by a new zealander guy, Trademe.co.nz is a leading online auction and classified site in New Zealand. They have reported 3+ million active users 6.8+ million monthly unique visitors every month. AdPost - is a free classified ads posting website where one can place their ads regarding any item including business opportunities. It is host to a number of different categories of items including cars, property, bikes, jobs etc. Being in the business for over twelve years this site USFreeAds - since its launch in the year 1999, USFreeads has been attracting a lot of traffic and gaining popularity. People living in the United States of America can view a list of classified ads on 50 73 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence different websites. Featuring an ad in the website means that it will be shown on the local websites including the main website. AdLandPro - offering free advertising, promotion, networking or marketing services. Since its establishment in the year 1996 it has been offering its users with free and paid ad services. People all over the U.S are offered with an affordable and complete solution for their small businesses and it also gives a lot of benefits home entrepreneurs. ePage - is one of the oldest “.com” companies dealing with auction and classified services. With 3 billion classified ads and 850,000 users every month its network has grown vastly. EPage Affiliate is their premium service where branded auction and classified services are provided for different websites. Classifieds For Free - was launched in the year 1996 and is a website for free classified ads. Sellers get a wonderful opportunity to advertise their products through this website as numerous categories of products are available. One can post unlimited number of free and local ads which stays for seven days. Covering 600 cities in the U.S, it operates globally across 60 nations. Kedna - is a family based company with its headquarters in Homestead, FL and was found in the year 2006. The website offers the citizens of the U.S with thousands of classified advertisements operating across 18,868 cities and towns. It offers its users with affordable online advertising and helps businesses to make their mark through online marketing. Yakaz - is a website that deals with free classified ads and helps people to exchange or meet locally. It was founded in the year 2005 and focuses on technology and innovation that allows users to share 74 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence information safely and instantly. Its service is available in 190 different countries across the globe and in 50 different languages. WantedWants - is definitely one of the top sources for free classified ads. This site operates globally and you can find everything that you look forward for a classified site. There is no need for the user to create an account to get started and post their ads. Just post your ads and you will be contacted through your e-mail regarding the services or products you are offering. WebClassifieds - is a powerful advertising website dealing with free classified ads. It offers its services to the residents of the US and you can buy, trade, advertise, and sell almost everything out here. Unlimited number of free ads can be posted in the site and numerous options are available to the user to enhance their ads. Hoobly - is classified ad website operating worldwide since its inception in the year 2003. Although pets and animals is a popular category on the website there are other useful categories too. You need to create an account in order to post your ads in the website and presently there are about 25,000 active advertisements on the site. AdsGlobe - is one of the top classified ads website serving over millions of users and covering more than 12 advertising zones. Users get the benefit of posting unlimited number of free ads in any category like merchandise, real estate, jobs, autos, services, business pages etc. The service is available over millions of cities across 150 countries. Pennysaverusa - is a company that is passionate about connecting different sellers and buyers across the country and bring out the best values. They are dedicated towards helping small businesses and their 75 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence online product “Powersites”, help them get recognised online. With a publication of over 800 local editions, 9.1 million copies are mailed to various households in California. ReCycler - is one of the best places for local buyers and sellers in the U.S. One can find a variety of categories with huge lists of products ranging from classic cars, motorcycles to commercial property, houses etc. People who need to sell their products can create their accounts and start posting their ads with the modern ad creation tools available. AbleWise - was started in the year 2007 and offers its services to people all over the globe. With over 5 million viewers every year it helps numerous classified advertisers to sell their products. Up to 200 ads can be posted at a time along with the facility to modify and re-post unlimited number of ads. WebCosmo - is a Massachusetts based website company found in the year 2007. It offers its users with the advantage of posting unlimited classified and free ads related to events, housing, services, community, resumes, gigs etc. Presently Webcosmo is offering its services to 40 countries worldwide and provides easy features like event calendars and community postings on its site. DomesticSale - is free classified ads website and host to a wide range of product categories like real estate, jobs, vacation, events, autos, etc. It promises the users of content that is absolutely trash free and prevents your ads from getting buried under garbage. The services are available worldwide and the most modern technology is used to filter the products. 76 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence FreeAdLists - was developed with only one aim of offering its users with opportunity to place their advertisements for free and let people know about their products. One of the best features of the site is that it allows users to post requests regarding the services and products which they are searching for. It operates worldwide and uses the latest technology to help its users find appropriate services or products. Claz - is generally used as a search engine for classified ads. At once a user can get access to over two hundred classified websites, forums and message boards. One is provided with the advantage of searching nationwide or within a radius of 250 miles. Users can post their ads for free and various other features are offered to increase the listing. Americanlisted – was found in the year 2007 and offers the americans with a safe and simple way to buy and sell services or products within their city/area. It is absolutely free and users are not required to sign up or create an account. It is easy to use and offers quick service for the products that are searched. FreeAdCity - is a free classified ads website operating in the US. Users have the advantage to sell or buy items without the need to pay success or listing fees. The 20 main categories that are available in the site can be further divided into sub-categories offering users with wide range of products. FreeClassifieds - is a free classified ad site providing services only in US. All ads posted in site stay for 90 days. Users need to register an account to post ads. It also provides city sites for classified ads. 77 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Auction Platforms Auction websites are just like real life auction sales. They put up the product for purchase and buyers bid to take the deal through. The advantage of these auction websites is that they offer a common platform for those who want to sell and those who want to buy – on a virtual platform without the need for logistic expenses or travel expense. eBay When it comes to online auctions and buying and selling – eBay is the Leader. eBay leads the industry having been established back in 1995. With planning and strategic leadership, eBay – the auction company has expanded across the web and worldwide. eBay is a multi-billion dollar company and almost synonymous to online auctions. They’re operating business from various countries. Other leading sites includes ebay.co.uk, ebay.ca, ebay.com.au, ebay.in and many other. 78 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence iOffer As you enter the site, it clearly demarks sections “buy, sell want ads and help”; this is one website for people. The site has gained in popularity because of its human touch. However, the only drawback is that the bidders and buyers can make their investments, iOffer does not warranty anything. ETSY Etsy.com: A very urban, up market website which focuses on selling classy items. The specialty remains on craft articles that are the highlight but bidders and buyers have the option to explore a diverse set of products. Bonanza - The site offers much more than just bidding; it offers what is exclusive. One of the popular sites on the online shopping radar; their 79 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence prices are similar to eBay but they have a more diverse range and not a very lengthy registration process making it a straight to conversions zone. Bidz - is unique. It has the automatic timer set on the website ticking away the current price bid – you have to jump into the sale to make your purchase. bidZ sells its products on the go and is one of the popular sites. UBId - like the others, offers a great range of products and categories. However, its winning point is that it focuses on registered users. It has its goals set on scam free and high security selling and buying. uBid lays emphasis on trust. AuctionZip - has its webcast actions allowing you to bid online. It enjoys popularity across the web giving you the option to make your bid anytime you wish, as long as the product is not sold. Current price and number of bids are featured. eBId - offers a great platform for the bidding experience. The marketplace is well in demand with a good traffic and transactions on the site. It offers all the services and interesting offers for memberships. A onetime payment and premium features can be availed or heavy discounts on first day registrations. QuickSales - is a Melbourne, Australia based online auction site. The site is online since 2005 and earlier known as OZtion.com.au. The site claim to have more than 500000 members and more than a million products listed at anytime. Sellers can create QShops or list their products for auction. 80 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence WebStore.com - is online auction website was founded in 2006. Sellers can make 100% profit here without paying any success fees and even create auction stores without any limitations on item number limitations. The site is ad supported. Buyers can sort auctions geographically or by categories. 81 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 6: Images, Audio and Video “Amazing” is about the only word that adequately describes the collection of multimedia (images, audio, video) resources available on the Web. For images, not only are they there, but they are searchable— not as searchable as we would like, but still searchable. Whether you need a picture of the person you are about to meet, or photos of the streets of a specific town in a remote country or of an obscure microorganism, you have a moderately good chance of finding it on the Web. For audio and video, whether utilizing open sources for military intelligence purposes or for a discussion of Winston Churchill’s “Finest Hour” speech in a history classroom, audio and video files can be tremendously useful. This chapter summarizes what is available, provides some basic background and terminology for understanding and using these resources, points to the tools for finding what you need, and presents some techniques for doing so most effectively. Capturing Images To save an image file that you have found to your disk: 1. Hold your cursor over the image you wish to capture. 2. Click the right mouse button. 3. From the menu that pops up, choose “Save Image As” (in Netscape) or 4. “Save Picture As” (in Internet Explorer). 5. Select the folder in which you wish to place it and rename the file if you wish. (Do not assign or change a file extension. It is important that the original file extension (either .gif, .jpg, jpeg, or png) be retained. Image Hosting Platforms 82 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Flickr Wins because you don’t just upload pictures; you also share them and make it a social experience. The free account allows 200 photographs and helps you check out the trends. Flickr has its own community and is accessible on the go. It is a Yahoo website that allows log in through Google profile and Facebook. Picasa a Google product requires Google profile sign-in to view. You can create, upload and edit your albums. Picasa has a downloadable version to all pictures formatting offline. The site is offers 1GB storage for photos, free. The remaining is $2.49 per month with a cap of 25 GB. 83 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Instagram Came into being in 2006 when Engineers Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, Stanford University Graduates, decided to start a site that could add to “being social”. Instagram allows photo sharing with tag lines and comments. Photobucket - this closely follows Flickr with 50 million users. The site caps the free service with 10 GB bandwidth access per month and 1GB per picture. The paid version of the site has unlimited features. Photobucket offers its service to tiwtter.com, the micro blogging site, for allowing users to upload images. Shutter Fly - allow free storage of photographs and has no limits, i.e. unlimited storage of photographs. They are offering free prints additionally, for creation of “share” sites that allow free sharing of pictures. The sites are customizable and they assure security. Snap Fish - the site is free for registration and use. It allows unlimited upload of pictures and even provide the printing service. However, the catch is that snap fish charges a small amount to the users when they wish to download high resolution quality of their photographs or high quality pictures. It is still popular with 70 million users. 84 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Smugmug - the site is slightly restricted with photo limits at 12MB and 24 MB for its paid subscriptions. They offer three deals: $40, $60, and $150 per year and only free trials. However, for the great services and quality, the site is quite popular. Fotki - they offer free registrations and unlimited uploads. However, the storage is charged at $30 per year. The site is popular for its social feel and services. They also provide photograph prints. Fotki is a communication portal that is thriving on an energetic community. Keep And Share - the website allows you to upload and share pictures. They have album layouts that can be used to upload high resolution pictures. The registration is free. They allow group sharing which is one of the strong reasons of its popularity. PictureTail - allows photos to be edited and uploaded to any of the websites like blogger, wordpress, hi5, mayspace etc. You can share as well as host images, ‘image s hosting’. Their winning point is the slide show option that they offer. Lockerz - Lockerz is totally free and unlimited. The only catch is the cap on image size, which rests at 5 MB. Panoramio - is again, free and unlimited when it comes to photo uploading and sharing. They have only one regulation, that your pictures should comply with Google Earth Photo Acceptance Policy Pinterest - Although Pinterest is an awesomely popular website, we feature it towards the end of this list because it is a social networking site more than a conventional photo-sharing website. You can share all 85 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence kinds of images, posters and pictures to promote your business, brand, event or your personal profile. Video Websites Videos are an integral part of our online activities these days. So where should you head if you want to located videos on a certain topic, terrorist group or fraud ring? Here are the top 11 sites: YouTube YouTube is a platform that has enhanced the experience of video uploading and sharing. The site leads all other video sharing websites and most importantly, it is absolutely free. They have even modified their cap on video lengths which wap initially 10 minutes. Users can now upload content as long as 15 minutes and for longer videos they require review. MetaCafe 86 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence They call themselves the video entertainment engine offering video games and action sports along with new uploads on news, movies, television serials and personal choices. The site allows log in through social media check-in and has the “Family filter” option to regulate the content. Vimeo - for your personal and private videos, Vimeo is one of the safest and secure websites. They offer a great deal of privacy norms. They have separate categories with catalogs of videos, channels which showcase user videos and groups as well. HD videos can be separately uploaded. Daily Motion - is relatively easy to use and is free. They allow a 2GB cap on the size of files. However, unlimited HD uploads are allowed on the site. The site is one of the most popular websites for sharing and viewing of videos. No registration is needed for the same. Yahoo Screen - If you want to browse through videos of your interest, Yahoo Screen offers the perfect platform. They have updated and rich content over sections like Lifestyle, sports, finances, movies, comedy and others making it more like a video magazine. A great place to share and watch audio – visual content. Hulu - is focused on entertainment and presents the user with popular videos ranging over varied topics and sections. They offer 87 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence recommendations as well as offer and contests. However, the website is accessible and running only in the United States. Break - a video sharing site for funny videos and clips. Categorized by channels just line most video sharing sites. Also allow funny picture sharing. They also provide games and contest with exciting prizes for user engagement. Ustream - has interesting choices. Along with videos you can watch the visual radios of online radio station. The site displays the most popular videos and the statistics of the number of people going through the site at that point of time. The site has an interesting layout and is user friendly, keeping the user entertained. Blip - has videos on display and has recently introduced subscriptions. The site allows a user to interact and extend preferences and host projects on various causes. Veoh - has an easy to use, simple website. The advantage here is that there is no cap on the length of videos. They accept over hundred formats of videos and the videos uploaded can be easily embedded in your website or blog. Viddler - is completely professional. They initially provided free plans but now have paid subscriptions. The offer up to 200 GB upload limit per month on a subscription of $200/month and 100 GB for the subscription with $100 GB. Music Websites With almost everything being available over the internet music is something which is one of the important things searched online. Seeking the high level of searches various companies have come in the 88 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence limelight for making innovative websites and making music available to the masses directly to their gadgets. Some of the popular sites have been discussed below: Pandora The most popular radio station site. Blending its collection of rock music with the soft numbers, the new with the old ones, it has always thrilled the listeners of all age group. The collection contains all that come under the genre of music ranging from vocals moving on straight to instruments. Last.fm Is a music search engine where you can find the songs of your favorite artists and browse to find more. You can also access videos and update yourself by knowing the events to come in last.fm. It even lets you 89 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence express your views through articles once you create a profile with the site. Grooveshark It is one of the most accessed radio station sites. You can listen to over millions of songs and create your own playlist. It surely allows you to explore more and new music/songs besides giving you the access to the videos for the songs played. Tunein This is one of those radio station sites that enable you to access all the radio stations worldwide according to your location. Through tune in you can find even the most obscure stations. The site supersedes those of its kind by helping the user to browse any song or video or related articles by putting in the name of the artist. 90 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Spotify Takes you through its vast collection of music albums and music videos where you get to choose your favorite numbers. You can create your own playlist on Spotify and entertain yourself as well as your friends and family. It is the biggest ever streaming music site where you can share playlist with your friends through emails or social networking sites. iHeartRadio - by far the biggest and best ever radio station site with a huge visitor base. iHeartRadio creates a separate station for you where you get to hear all the songs by that artist or all the similar songs as the one you chose. The collection range is vast that consists of classics, folks, rock pop music and many more. Jango.com - is a part of Jango music network. The website is online since 2007 and based in New York offering various radio stations online. Jango is a social music website where users can listen custom music station, create and share music. They also have a program called Jango Airplay where artists can promote their music. Yahoo Music - powered by one of the internet giants ‘’Yahoo’’ this is among the most popular places for the music freaks. This site has 91 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence virtually everything related to music which includes music news, music releases, selected online radio stations, photos of music artists, and everything which you would have ever searched for music over the internet. Aol Music - one of the oldest and biggest sites in the field of music and its related news AOL provides you with radio, music videos and numerous other resources related to music. In Aol Radio you get to search your favorite songs and favorite artists. Other than vocals, you can also listen to the various instruments and view the videos as well. Gaana - has everything which you might have searched for in a website offering you music, music reviews, access to old and new Bollywood songs, etc. Besides International and Hindi songs the site also gives access to regional songs such as Kannad, Bengali, etc. Shoutcast - comes with unique features and the only thing you require is to enter the name of the song that you wish to listen or that of an artist and you get it. With over 50,000 radio stations and a listener base of over 0.5 million it is probably one of the biggest music sites around. Soundcloud - has been especially been built for the androids and iPhones is referred to as a social sound platform. At this place people can create sounds and share them wherever they want. It allows you to share your music privately on Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, and Foursquare with just a click. 8tracks - allows you to create your own mix online that contains a minimum of 8 tracks and share your creation on social networking sites or even listen to a mix created by others shared online. The playlist 92 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence becomes a crafted one as you can insert descriptions with art before you share that online. Live365 - contains as many as two hundred and sixty genres of music and as many as five thousands broadcasters. The site provides a ground for the budding new artists as well as they get to share their creation online with the world. Radio.com - over 450 radio stations to refresh you this site has all your favourite songs. The advanced search option allows you to search for your preferred music by simply entering the name of the artist. Along with providing you the online source of listening to music it features regular updates from the world of music. eMusic - over 13 million songs that can downloaded and played on your computer this is one of the biggest database for music on the internet. Besides just music the site presents you with latest news and reviews from the world of music, audio books, and more. Playlist.com - site introduces you to the vast, limitless world of music. They contain a good number of songs that include rock, jazz, electronic, pop, classics, and the list continues. So with playlist.com make your own playlists and share them on the social networking sites with your friends, family and the whole world. Rdio - a site with over 15 million songs and the collection which ranges from classics, going through the light numbers and reaching down to the rock numbers. Today it is available to more than a dozen countries across the globe and lets you listen to real time music besides sharing them over all the social Networking websites. 93 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Rhapsody is an ultimate Jukebox which presents you with 14 million songs to choose from. However to listen to music available at the site you need to subscribe with at least a minimal of $10 per month. Songs could be accessed through a computer, portable devices, or other compatible devices which you may have. Hypem - keeps a track of the updates made by the music bloggers. The site indulges in collecting some of the best music blogs and shares the contents available with other things of analysis, and comments on them. It simply makes you aware of the latest music and awesome music blogs online. Jamendo - when it comes to searching music online this has one of the largest collection online. Besides giving you the access 350,000 music tracks on their website they also list down access to several radio stations for almost every genre and mood. Sterogum - a virtually paradise for the music lovers is what this site could be referred to as. It presents you MP3 streaming of the popular music, features latest as well as old videos of songs and artists, gives you news and reviews from the world of music, and much more for everything related to music. Slacker - as the developers say it is your very own personal radio. With access to thousands of radio stations it streams music over the internet. This site is available to the users of computer, blackberry, apple, or any other gadget which is compatible with it. MOG - be it listening to your music through your computer over the internet or while on the move through your cellphone, MOG is one of those sites which give you the license to listen to unlimited music and 94 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence that too for free. With a database of over 15 million songs it virtually has every song you might search for. StereoMood - this can be referred to as your free emotional internet radio. At this site you are suggested the music to listen which best suits your mood. It’s by far one of the most creative tools where you can create your playlists suiting every occasion. BillBoard.com - is a site from Billboard magazine. This music news website offer breaking news about music industry, top charts, music reviews and much more. The online version of website is since 1995. Their top charts includes “Hot 100″, “BillBoard 200″ and “Social 50″ AllMusic.com - earlier known as All music guide or AMG is not a streaming music website. It only provides recommendations, guides, reviews etc.. Users can explore music by popular moods or popular themes categories. 95 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 7: News Resources Understanding news resources on the Internet is challenging not just because there is such a broad and rich expanse of news available there, but because almost every news site is designed differently from every other and tends to serve somewhat different functions and missions. In ancient times, it was fairly easy to group news resources into categories such as newspapers, magazines and journals, radio, and TV. Today, it is harder to definitively categorize the types of places to go on the Internet for news. Although many typologies of news sources are possible, using the following categories can prove helpful in sorting things out (while recognizing that there is considerable overlap and that many sites fit in more than one category): • Major news networks and newswire sites. Sites that are original sources for news stories, but may also gather and provide stories from other sources • Aggregation sites. Sites that serve primarily to gather news stories from multiple sources • Newspaper and magazine sites. Sites that serve as the online version for a printed newspaper or magazine • Radio and TV Web sites • Multi-Source News Search Engines. Sites that provide extensive search capabilities for a broad range of news sources General Searching Strategy A good starting point when one thinks of utilizing news on the Internet is to ask the question, “What kind of news are you looking for?” 1. Are you interested in breaking news (today’s headlines)? 2. Do you need older news stories? 3. Do you want to be automatically kept up-to-date on a topic? 96 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence For breaking news, you might start with virtually any of the categories listed earlier, depending upon the breadth of your interests, both with regard to subject and with regard to the local, national, or international perspective needed. If you want to browse headlines, consider bookmarking and personalizing a general portal (such as My Yahoo!) and perhaps using it as the start page for your browser. Headlines in categories of your choice will show up every time you open your browser (or click Home). Alternatively, you might choose a news network site (BBS, MSNBC, etc.) or your favorite newspaper as your start page. For older news stories, the choice is much more limited. If you are interested in the last few weeks, one of the search engines may serve. For international or high-profile news going back a few years, BBC may be a good choice, because it provides searching of all stories covered on its site back to 1997. If your interest is more local, check to see if the local paper has searchable archives. If you need to keep up-to-date on a particular topic, take advantage of one of the alerting services and have headlines relating to your interests delivered to you by e-mail. 50 of the Most Popular News Sites More and more people are getting access to the Internet, which has meant that news websites have also grown in quantity and quality to cater to the requirements of the readers. Many thousands of news sites are out there, and this chapter can only include a few selected sites. For knowledge of other sites, take advantage of one of the several good news resource guides. The three listed here are among the more highly regarded. 97 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence BBC The official site of the British Broadcasting Corporation, this site provides all the international, business, health, technology, weather, and sport news under one roof. The extensive spread of the corporation means that this site offers news via the regions. The site also features regular blogs from high-ranking editors, features, and magazines. BBC also offers video updates through the iPlayer. CNN The official website of CNN covers all the latest news from all the corners of the globe. News from all continents is provided on this site, while it also offers business, entertainment, technology, travel, and world sport news as well. The site also provides information about the TV schedule on CNN. The editor’s choice brings out the best features and articles of the site. 98 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Huffington Post Huffington Post provides news about various aspects like politics, business, entertainment, technology, and breaking events. Comprehensive coverage is also given to the blogs written by high profile writers. The site also includes a healthy community for discussions. Video and other media are also available on Huffington Post. Live coverage is also provided to important events around the world. NY Times This is the online edition of the New York Times. The news available on this site is very similar to the one found on the print version. The site offers news from all the corners of the globe. Opinions, travel news, television, science, and regional news are some of the highlights of this site. 99 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Daily Mail The online edition of the British tabloid Daily Mail features many dedicated content to TV and showbiz. The site offers dedicated sections for news from the UK, the US, and India. Special sections provide news about health, money, science, and sports. Fox News - this online edition of Fox channel offers all the latest news and breaking events from around the world. The site provides special sections devoted to politics, entertainment, health, travel, lifestyle, and sports. Special sections are provided to videos and news from the US. Google News - unlike the major news websites, Google news is an aggregator of the news from top sites around the world. It is possible to sort the news based on the region or area of interest. Google news primarily covers world, business, sport, entertainment, technology, science, and health news. Guardian - this news site contains content from the two British tabloids – Observer and Guardian. The main area of the site deals with news from around the world. The site also has sections for in-depth covering of sport, technology, business, money, culture, and many more. 100 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence NBC News - this is the online edition of the NBC News and this owned by NBC Universal. This covers all the world and local news in general. Aside from the news, the site also provides stock quotes, sports news, weather updates, and videos from various shows on NBC. Telegraph - this online edition of the British tabloid Telegraph provides news from Great Britain and from rest of the world. This new site also provides dedicated sections covering blogs and features from the editors, while there is also fashion, lifestyle, travel, culture, and financial news as well. Wall Street Journal - is the online edition of the American publication Wall Street Journal. The site provides in-depth news from major countries and regions around the world. It also focuses on real estate, technology, and job classifieds. A special section is dedicated to the opinions of high profile writers. Forbes - is the online edition of the Forbes magazine. It offers news from around the world that is divided into channels like business, investing, technology, entrepreneurs, and lifestyle. Forbes.com also offers opinions and editorials along with its various lists. Reuters - provides all the world news along with focus on breaking events and business markets around the world. The site features opinions from the best-known writers. The site contains an extensive library of photos and videos. CNN IBN Live - is the collaboration between Cable News Network and Indian Broadcasting Network, which offers English news channel and internet news in Indian region. The site also have sections to offer news in Hindi and many other sections. 101 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Times of India - run by the Times of India Group, this site is one of the largest and most popular in India. It features regularly updated news from India and the world. Spirituality, entertainment, sports, real estate, business, and live TV are some of the sections within the site. Yahoo News - the division of Yahoo!, Yahoo! News is a site that offers news from the world in various divisions and sections. Entertainment, sports, politics, health, and science are some of the popular sections within Yahoo! News. Pictures and videos are also available on the site. Bing News - Bing News is a division of the Bing search engine and it acts like an aggregator of news similar to Google news. This site provides information and news from the top sites in the world. The news can be sorted based on sections like science, sport, business, and entertainment. Washington Post - Washington Post’s online edition offers local and world news in a comprehensive manner including breaking events. The site features classifieds for real estate and jobs. Other news covered on this site includes business, sports, technology, lifestyle, and entertainment. NDTV - this is the official website of the NDTV news channel. It offers in-depth coverage of news from India, while world news is also featured. The site features regular content from the news channel. City wise news is also available for the major Indian cities. USA Today - this is the online edition of the most popular newspaper in the United States – USA Today. The site focuses on a wide range of aspects like technology, lifestyle, sports, travel, and world news. It also provides weather information along with opinions and features. 102 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Bloomberg - Bloomberg.com is a division of Bloomberg L.P that largely focuses on the business and money markets across the world. The site features a collection of news from around the world with focus on the markets. Bloomberg TV is available on this news site. LA Times - this is the online edition of the LA times and it features breaking news, US News, and world news as its chief content. It also offers sports, weather, traffic, games, health, movies, music, and travel news. The site also features classifieds for jobs and real estate. Time.com - this online version of the Time magazine offers news headlines and articles from around the world. The site has other content like business and technology news, while opinions from the editors are also featured. Images and videos are also present on the site. News.com.au - this site offers news from around the world provided by a team of 25 journalists. This is the third most popular news site in Australia. It covers aspects like horoscopes, food reviews, travel advices, real estate opportunities, and investment tips aside from the news. The Sun - this is the online version of the British tabloid and the most popular newspaper in the United Kingdom – the Sun. This site focuses more on showbiz and sports, while world news is also given importance. Politics and weather are also discussed on the Sun. CBS News - the CBS News Channel runs cbsnews.com. It offers all the latest updates of all the local and world events and news. It also offers investment tips, market news, health tips, sports news, podcasts, and videos from the CBS news channel. 103 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence ABC News - run by the ABC news channel, the site provides all the latest news from the US and the world. Investigative features are provided a dedicated section on the site. Recipes and the various TV shows from the ABC News channel are also available. NY News Daily - Daily news New York is another most circulated newspaper founded in 1919 and their online edition offers news about NY, USA and around the world on travel, business, health and more. Sydney Morning Herald - this online edition of one of the most popular Australian newspaper – Sydney morning Herald – provides regular updates on the local and world news. It provides the Sydney traffic information, car news, and entertainment news. It has classifieds of jobs, cars, and real estate. Sky News - this is a news website from British news broadcaster Sky News and part of “British Sky Broadcasting” group. They also have satellite TV network in NZ, Australia, Canada and Ireland. The online website offers news around UK, US and International Events. SkySportrs is yet another sport news website from this group offering sport news on UK and worldwide events. Bloomberg Businessweek - this is the online version of the US magazine run by the Bloomberg L.P Corporation. It primarily focuses on the economic news. Special sections are provided to global economics and tips for small businesses. The site also covers business schools from the US. Independent this site provides news from Great Britain along with world news. It features a section called voice to feature the best 104 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence opinions and features. It offers tips and tools to make the most out of money. Sports news and blogs are also available on this site. China Daily - this is the online edition of the China daily newspaper, and the Chinese State government runs it. The site covers news from China and around the world. Aside from the news, it also features opinions and covers sections like business, sport, and travel. SFGate - San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper in San Francisco and many areas in California. Their online version SFGate.com offers news around the world. SFGate is US’s one of the most circulated newspaper. Hindustan Times - this new site provides comprehensive coverage of the events and happenings in India, while world news is also provided. Aside from news, the site also offers comprehensive inventories for jobs, real estate, matrimonial, and hotels. Entertainment and sports news are also covered. NYPost - NY Post (New York Pos) is considered as one of the oldest newspaper in US. Offers news, sports updates, gossips, entertainment news, photos and videos on their online edition. The Hindu - this online version of the largest newspaper in India – the Hindu – features comprehensive coverage of the events and news in India. World, business, sport, and technology news are also covered on the site. The content can be selected on the basis of major cities as well. Financial Times - this online arm of the business newspaper – Financial Times – provides comprehensive coverage of the global markets and 105 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence financial news around the world. The site also provides information and rankings of the business schools around the world. CBC.ca - this is the online arm of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and it has been online in various iterations since 1993. It covers both the radio and television shows of the CBC. Sports, entertainment, and music are covered in extensive sections. ABC.net.au - this is the official website of the Australian broadcasting Corporation. It has been online since 1995 and claims to be the most popular website in Australia. It offers complete and in-depth coverage of the local and world news, while also concentrating on sport, entertainment, and business. News24 - this is a South African news website that primarily focuses on news from this region. The site is run by 24.com, and it offers news from other areas like sport, entertainment, and technology. Extensive sections are dedicated towards careers, health, and property. The Economist - offering in-depth coverage of both the business news around the world, this online edition of the UK magazine – the Economist, is a popular business news site. It also covers world of politics, science and technology, and economics. The site also publishes rankings of the business schools. World News - this is a news aggregator that has been online since 1998. It provides news from reputed sites from around the world is like BBC, Washington Post, and CNN. The site covers a range of topics like films, business, sports, and music. 106 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The Age - the Age is a daily broadsheet published in Australia and based in Melbourne. It is part of Aussie media group ” Fairfax Media” which also own sydney morning herald. The print edition of The Age is available in Victoria, ACT and certain regions of NSW and SA only. The Globe and mail - this is the online edition of the Canada’s largest newspaper – the Globe and Mail. It provides breaking news and analysis from around the world. Business news and in-depth analysis also provided. Sport and entertainment are some of the other popular sections on this site. International Business Times - this is one of the leading business news sites in the world, and it is offered in 10 different editions across the world. It features business news, opinions, and analysis. In-depth coverage of the markets from around the world is also available. The Business Journal - this is a division of the American City Business Journals newspaper. It mainly offers business news from the United States, while also covering business events by the cities. A comprehensive jobs classified is also available. Al Jazeera - Aljazeera.com is the part of Aljazeera and JSC (Jazeera Satellite Channel), which is Doha, Qatar based news channel. The channel was launched in 1996 as Arabic news channel and later also expanded to multiple languages. They launched their online news site in 2003. The site is known for their coverage in Afghanistan War and 2003 Iraq War. In early 2013, they acquired American news Channel “Current TV” and announced to launch “Al Jazeera America” TV channel. 107 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The Star - this is the division of the star media group, and it shares most of the content with the Toronto Star – Canada’s leading newspaper. Aside from providing the world news, this site also has columns, blogs, investigations, and entertainment sections. Business Standard - it is the Indian business website covering the business news from India and important financial regions around the world. The site offers regular opinions and analysis of the various issues within the global business world. 108 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Top Italian New Sites Italy is one of the top regions in the world where people have a lot of access to Internet. Hence, it is not surprising to learn that there are numerous news websites focusing on news from various regions across Italy and indeed from the world. This is a list of the top Italian news websites according to the traffic. La Repubblica This is a new site that offers news from Italy and around the world. Aside from this, it also focuses on the aspects like economics, finance, sports, technology, health, culture, and travel. There are several classifieds and the latest weather updates offered as well. Il Corriere Della Sera Updated several times a day, this site offers news on aspects like the economy, culture, sports, technology, and the breaking news. The site 109 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence offers news in the video format as well, while multimedia like pictures and opinions also present as well. Libero This site specializes in offering news across various medium like the latest news, news about women, finance, gossip, weather, and sports. It has a community-oriented section that offers aspects like photos, chat options, and blogs. Classifieds also forms an important part of this site. It is part of Italian portal libero.it Virgilio - offering information about aspects like cars, motorcycles, women, finance, and cinema, this site also focuses on the latest news from Italy and the world. It offers users the ability to open a mail account and it has a discussion board as well. Gazzetta dello Sport - this site specializes in offering sports news covering various sports like football, F1, baseball, tennis, and cycling. Breaking news, opinions, and blogs are present and updated on a regular basis. The site also has an extensive collection of multimedia life pictures and videos. 110 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Tiscali - this site provides news on aspects like the government policies, foreign policies, economy, social news, science news and interviews with major personalities. News is also offered in the form of videos as well, while sports are also an extensively covered section. Il Sole 24 Ore - this site specializes in offering news about the business and finance. Even though it specializes in the news from the Italian region, other major news from around the world is also offered. Currencies, market data, and stock quotes are some of the features of this site. Ansa - this site specializes in offering regional news from the likes of Sicily, Lazio, and Umbria in Italy. It also has world news as well. Other sections on the site provide news on aspects like sport, economy, and movies. Sky News - the Italian division of the sky news specializes in offering news about various sports. It also has the latest news, breaking news, and other news from Italy and other parts of the world. It has also several videos as well. Il Fatto Quotidiano - this new site is updated several times a day, and it features aspects like politics, economics, justice, environment, sports, and government policies. There are also several blogs written by the editors, while the site also features a comprehensive photo and video collection as well. La Stampa - this is a comprehensive new site featuring news from almost every category like Italian and world news along with several other categories like sport, markets, culture, and economy. All the news is offered with related content like pictures and videos. 111 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Fanpage - this is a site specializing in offering news from Italy along with several news from the world, economics, politics, and sports. Some of the dedicated sections on the site cater to the categories like football, travel, TV, and movies. Leonardo.It - this is a news portal offering news about aspects like politics, money, taxes, fashion, movies, sport, health, and travel. Several features for the community are also present through blogs, pictures, and videos as well. Corriere dello Sport - this site specializes in offering news about the various sports that are popular in Italy. This includes sports like football, F1, rallying, basketball, and volleyball. Betting information is also provided on these sports along with pictures and videos. Tutto Sport - aside from focusing on news from various sports like a football, rallying, basketball, and tennis, this site also provides exclusive information and news about Juventus football club. The site also has several pictures, blogs, and videos as well. Il Centro - this site specializes in providing news from the Pescara region in Italy. It also has sport news as well along with several classifieds and online stores. Weather information is also provided in great detail along with photos and videos. Il Messaggero - this news portal offers news from various categories like economy, culture, sports, technology, fashion, and world news. All happening events in major cities across Italy are also provided. Reviews of automobiles and access to important television shows are also provided. 112 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence IlGiornale.it - the site is from Milan based, Italian Broadsheet “il Giornale”, which covers news on politics, national and international affairs, tech, sport and much more. It also has sections like opinion, videos and photos covering news around the world. Leggo - An online news site from free daily newspaper Leggo covers news, blogs, lifestyle, sports news and more. Their print edition publishes from more than 15 locations of Italy. Huffington Post - Huffington post publishes news in association of Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso, which is a leading media group in Italy. They covers variety of topics including fashion, economy and more. 113 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Top French Websites Newspapers have existed in France for a long time and it is not surprising to see a lot of them come with their online versions as well. Most of the people in France have access to the Internet and news is one of the popular aspects on it. This is a list of the top France news websites according to their traffic. Le Monde The official site of the French daily newspaper Le Monde features all aspects from the local to the international news. It also provides users with the current trending topics. Sports, technology, health, and culture are some of the other aspects discussed on this site. Le Figaro 114 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence This online edition of the French daily Le Figaro features news on various aspects like the government policies, regional news, and international news. Environment, health, science, and weather are some of the other aspects present along with several opinions and blogs. Le Quipe This site specializes in offering news about various sports that are popular in France like football, rugby, F1, motoring, and tennis. Other sport news available on this site includes golf, basketball, swimming, and cycling. The site also has several videos and blogs. Le Nouvel Observateur - this provides news on aspects like the political policies, business news like the latest employment figures, sport, and education. The current trending topics can also be viewed on the homepage of the site. There are several services like English courses, ticket purchasing, and bookstores available as well. Le Parisien - aside from providing information on aspects like horoscope and weather, this site also has news from the business world, governments, and industries like automotive. Science, environment, and technology news is also present along with several blogs. 115 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 20 Minutes - this site offers news on various aspects like political, national, and regional. The news is available on categories like sports, business, technology, and governments. Aside from the news, it also has several services, games, pictures, and videos as well. L’Express - this news website concentrates on several sections like policies, economic, business, education, and employment news amongst many others. Most of the news is France centric, while global news is also present. Sport and culture are the other aspects of this site. Boursorama - this site specializes in offering business news of various types like economic data, economic calendar, and market analysis. There are several other aspects like real estate, savings, and government policy news also offered as well. The site has several tools and calculators. 01 Net - this is a site specializing in offering news about the technology and electronic goods like computers, tablet PCs, and laptops. There are several articles and opinions covering these aspects, while videos are also present as well along with a discussion board. Le Journal du Net - specializing in aspects like the Internet, multimedia, and technology, this site offers news on all these aspects along with pictures and videos. Several employment opportunities are also available through the jobs board, while management news is also offered. Libération - aside from offering special features like editorials and opinions, this site also has news about culture, technology, travel, and politics. It has news from all the regions France and from around the world. The site has numerous photos and videos. 116 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Le Point - this site offers news on various aspects like economy, politics, sports, culture, and technology. The special aspects of the news offered on the site include unusual and confidential news that are available in special sections. Information about the market indices is present. Les Echos - aside from providing French and international news, this site also offers to support industries, education, employment, economy, transport, defense, and technology. It also provides access to the Les echos TV along with information about arts and culture. Rue89 - this specializes in offering news that is usually not in the mainstream like environment, culture, and planets. Sports news is also offered in extensive detail along with the trending topics. There are also several blogs written by high-profile writers. Huffington Post France - the French division of the Huffington Post discusses topics like common policies, economy, international, technology, and culture news. It also offers multimedia like pictures, videos, and blogs, while trending topics are easy to find as well. La Depeche - apart from providing the latest and breaking news from France in the world, this site also offers news about sports, economic, and aspects like fashion, shopping, and culture. Horoscopes, kitchen recipes, and regional information from various parts of the country are also present. La Depeche - news site from French financial news tabloid “La Tribune”. It offers news about economy news about France, Europe and international events, stock market updates along with expert’s opinions, live stock updates and more. 117 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence BFM TV - is a leading television news network in France, which is available in digital television, cable and satellite news. The company was founded in 2005. It is part of NextRadioTV group who previously owned La Tribune. Their online website offers news about politics, society, economy, sports, tech, national and international events. Metro France - is a daily newspaper from Swedish company “Metro International”, Their website offers news about political, national and international events, society, people, tech industry and more. They launched their French edition in 2002. Meteo France - this site specializes in providing information and news about the weather. The local regional weather information is available along with the national information. Aspects like the UV index, rain possibility, observations, and traffic updates are also provided as well. Top German Websites Like any other resource on the Internet news forms a large segment of searches made by people over the Internet. There are several news websites in germany, which have come up both globally and regionally across the globe. The list below provides a comprehensive list of top German news sites. They are ranked according to its popularity. 118 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Spiegel Also known as SPON, Spiegel Online is one of the online versions of the German weekly magazine Der Spiegel. It offers the latest news from around the world, covering politics, culture, economy, sports, business and other developments. Bild The website is the online version of the Bild newspaper which is a German tabloid published by Axel Springer AG. The website keeps the readers informed with the current developments around the world featuring everything from politics to weather. T-online The website offers news from the world of business, politics, sports, culture and everything that comes under the head of news. It is the web-portal of Telecom Germany GmbH, which besides being an 119 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence informational portal provides services such as free email to its visitors as well. Welt - is the online version of the German daily newspaper Die Welt which means the world. Sports, business, economy, culture, weather, and politics are some of the fields in which Die Welt offers news. Focus - this is a website offering news not only on national matters but also on the international changes and developments. It is the online edition of FOCUS, which is a popular German weekly magazine. N-TV - is owned by the Bertelsmann AG Media’s RTL group and is an affiliate network of the CNN news network since 1992. Besides providing news from across the globe it provides constant coverage of the major indices. Zeit - offers news not only from Germany, but from all over the world covering. An online version of the German Daily named Die Zeit it also features videos from selected events. Tagesschau - news portal of the ARD group has a strong team of more than 20 journalists managing its contents since 2011. Tagesschau gives stiff competition to sites like Spiegel Online and faz.net. Faz - is abbreviation of “Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung”, which covers news on almost all the incidents and events of international importance, starting from political scenario of the nation and of the world that includes sports, business, trade, health and education. Deutsche Welle - popular for its news broadcasts, internet, satellite radio in 30 languages Dw.de is promoted by Deutsche Welle which 120 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence features news German news in English for the global audience. It is more popular outside Germany for news about Germany in English language. Handelsblatt - focusing primarily on the fields of business and finance, the website is the web portal of the famous newspaper Handelsblatt which is published in Düsseldorf by the Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt. Golem - deviating from the more conventional websites offering news, the website Golem provides you with IT and Tech news. The website belongs to Klass & Ihlenfeld Verlag GmbH which also features a video and photo portal. Finanzen - is a dedicated site to cover finance & business news and is promoted by Axel Springer AG. In the month of August 2011 the site created a record of 14 million visitors and about 2 million unique users. Rp-online - complimenting its print version the online version of Rheinische Post presents news from all over the world. The site is portal offers many other sections including shopping, classified, local news and more. Sky popularly known as Deutschland Sky is a 100% subsidiary of Sky TV Germany GmbH & Co. As a package, the site offers up to forty channels that cover news in almost all fields. Express - the website has quite a number of sections devoted to sports, culture, and entertainment. It is the online edition of Express a regional tabloid newspaper from Cologne. 121 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Derwesten - is the Internet portal of the WAZ Media Group that brings together the papers of the publishing group. The site specializes in providing the latest news on politics, sports and the region. Top India Websites India has more than 120 million Internet users and growing rapidly. As internet connectivity becomes more accessible and affordable and with quick penetration of broadband in India, more and more people nowadays only rely on various news sites offered in English and local languages. Below are some top news websites in India ranked by its popularity. Indiatimes.com Indiatimes is a news website from leading indian media company times group. The print editions of various newspapers published by the times group like Economic Times, Times Of India, Navbharat Times and Vijay Karnataka can be accessed from this site. Shopping, job search, and email services are some of the other sections available on this site. 122 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence In.com In.com is a part of Network18 group, which is a mass media company active in television, print, internet, film and e-commerce business in India. The site offers news stories from various sections such as politics, elections, sports, regional news and much more. IBN Live is a leading news channel in India which is also known as CNN IBN (Cable News Network-Indian Broadcasting Network ) NDTV New Delhi Television Limited is a leading Indian news channel. NDTV.com is an official website provides the latest news as it happens. All the top stories of the day are listed serially and the important events are covered under featured stories and latest stories section with videos. Various recipes from different parts of the country are described and updated weather information is available. 123 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence One India - this is an online portal that offers news in English and all the many local Indian languages. Visitors can access city wise news by just clicking on the city of their choice. The site offers news from categories such as sports events, travel, entertainment, business, lifestyle and more. They also have online classified section. Bhaskar - it is a website in from Dainik Bhaskar Group (D B Corp Ltd.), which is India’s leading mass media company. Their website is offering political, economic, sports, entertainment and business news from across the country. This one’s particularly popular among locals seeking news in their preferred language. India Today - this site of the India Today group has news from its various publications like Money Today, Women Today and Business Today. India Today is renowned news weekly in India.. The Take 5 section features the most important news stories from India and around the world. The group is also offering news services through their news channels like Aaj Tak and Headlines today. Hindustan Times - this site from Indian daily “The Hindustan times” contains great visuals of the latest events from around the country and the world. Columns, opinions, and analysis of the latest developments by renowned journalists are among the distinguishing features of this site. The company was founded in 1926. In 2007, they also started business newspaper called mint in collaboration with the wall street journal. India.com - is a part of Zee Entertainment Enterprises, which is a mass media company offering news channel and many other services. India.com offers general news in variety of categories including business, travel, health, sports and more. 124 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The Hindu - this site by one of India’s oldest newspaper focuses mostly on news from South India in general and Tamil Nadu and Kerala states in particular. The company also has other publications like the Sportstar, Businessline, and Frontline. Rediff - was founded in 1996 as a portal offering various web services. This is one of the oldest sites in the country offering the latest news in categories like sports, business, politics and business. Eenadu - this site by one of India’s leading vernacular dailies is a favorite among Telugu-speaking people residing in various parts of the country and world. This site has links of various useful sites like the Andhra Pradesh police, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Apsrtc, etc. Sify - is an Internet provider in India offering news on their portal sify.com. The website offers important political, business, movie, and sports news. In 1999, the company acquired news website Samachar.com which now offers news syndication from leading news sites. Great Andhra - it is an online tabloid with gossips on movie stars and political figures from AP. Content is substandard but is popular among the youth. Indian Express - is a news site from Indian daily “The Indian express”, which is published from 9 cities of India. It offers news about India, world, tech, politics, fashion, cities of India and much more. 125 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence DNA India - is an abbreviation of Daily News and Analysis (DNA). This site has news from its print edition with the same name. One can enjoy a quick wrap up of the latest happening here. Visitors can express their opinions, debate, share comments, and also cast their votes on a particular topic on this website. The site is joint venture of Zee group and Bhaskar group, which also publishes broadsheets from 6 different cities of India. Manorama Online - the site from Malayalam daily “Malayalama Manorama”. It is offered in local language Malayalam and English. It covers news about Kerala state, indian, world, business, politics, cricket and much more. Dainik Jagran - is part of Jagran Prakashan Limited, the group, which publish leading hindi broadsheet Dainik Jagran. Dainik Jagran is most circulated news paper since years according to local readership survey. Their website offers news in local language (Hindi) and covers all aspects. Deccan Chronicle - this site from English daily “Deccan Chronicle” contains news, events, and developments pertaining to South India in general and Andhra Pradesh state in particular. It covers news on business, politics, lifestyle, business, tech and world. ABP News - was earlier known as star news, which was joint venture of multination mass media company news corp. and Indian TV channel group STAR TV of ABP Group. In 2012, they ended their joint venture and thus STAR news became ABP News (Anandabazar Patrika Program News) 126 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Top Canadian Websites News is one of the most searched aspects on the internet today. The news sites in Canada provide all the breaking and latest news not only from this region, but also from around the world. Most of the sites also offer sports and business news as well. This list brings out the top news sites in Canada as per their traffic. CBC.ca This site from Canadian broadcasting corporation offers news regarding aspects like politics, business, sport, technology, and entertainment. Special focus on the news from Canada is also provided. Each section comes with photo galleries, while some sections have blogs featuring high-profile bloggers. It is possible to view and hear content from the CBC TV and radio respectively. Weather information and forecasts are also available. The Globe And Mail 127 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence The official site of the Globe and Mail newspaper focuses on national, political, and world news. It also offers news from Toronto and British Columbia as well. Business, investing, sports, entertainment, technology, and life style are the different aspects dealt on this site. Editorials, columnists, and debate are also offered on this site along with stock quotes as well. The Star Being the official site of the Toronto Star newspaper, this site offers most of the content from the newspaper like columns and blogs. It brings the latest news from Canada and around the world. One of its popular feature as a newspaper – Reader’s letters – is also present in this site. Business, sports, life, travel, and entertainment are the other major topics on this site. TSN - the official site of the TSN sports channel, this provides on the breaking news and updates on all the major sports in Canada like ice hockey, soccer, NHL, NBA, and tennis. This site also provides the broadcast schedule, while offering the TSN Radio as well. Canoe - part of the Quebecor Media group, this site offers news from around the world that is offered in different sections like weird, crime, politics, and breaking news. The site also focuses on aspects like sport, showbiz, money, life, and travel in extensive detail. 128 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Lapresse.ca - La Presse offers news for French speaking people in Canada. The website offers local and global news in all categories such as tech, cinema, sports, business and more. It is part of French newspaper La Presse (founded in 1984) that is published from Mondays to Saturdays in Montreal and Quebec. National post - this is part of the Postmedia Network Inc, and it provides news from Canada, the Middle East, and the world. Opinions from several high-profile columnists are also present alongside news about business, art, life, and sports. The site also offers pictures, videos, and graphics. Financial post is another news site from national post which is mainly focused on finance and business news. Vancouver Sun - the Vancouver Sun offers a wide range of news split up into sections like national, world, politics, education, health, weather, and environment. Letters, staff blogs, columns, and editorial aspects are also available alongside business, sport, and entertainment news. It has also a news section for Vancouver, Victoria and BC Area. CTV News - this site offers news in video, pictures, and text format. The content on this site are mostly includes news from Canada and around the world. It has an extensive video library featuring different sections like entertainment and lifestyle along with the shows from the CTV news. Huffington Post - this is the Canadian division of Huffington Post, and its content – apart from being Canada centric – is similar to the other 129 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence regional sites. Politics, business, and world news are featured. Style, entertainment, and lifestyle are the other major sections. Toronto Sun - this site provides news from major regions in Canada like Ontario and Toronto, while also focusing on the world news as well. There are several featured columnists offering their opinion on the news, while the site also accepts scoops and stories from the readers as well. Radio Canada - is part of CBC network, which was founded in 1993. Radio Canada offers French language news from around the word and Canada. The site also offers sections like music, sports, tech, entertainment etc. Montreal Gazette - specializes in offering news from Montréal and Québec. It also has national and world news as well. Open editorials, letters, editorials, and columns are available as it is in the daily paper. Business, sports, and arts are the other categories discussed. RDS.Ca - offers sports news in French speaking Canadians. It is part of Bell Media and serves more than 1 million visitors per month. It covers major sports sections in Canada such as hockey, baseball, football, boxing, basketball, soccer and more. Calgary Herald - this site offers news from the Calgary region in Canada along with world news as well. Business, sport, life, and entertainment are the other major sections on the site. It provides access to popular TV shows online, while it also has an extensive video library. 130 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Top Australian Websites Most of the popular newspapers and news television channels come out with websites that offer news due to the growing importance of Internet today. These are the top news websites in Australia ranked according to the traffic. News.com.au News.com.au is part of the News Media conglomerate and it provides news from 25 journalists across Australia. It covers aspects like local, world, business, and sport news. It also provides breaking news across these categories, while opinions are available through blogs. Sydney Morning Herald This is the official site of the Sydney Morning Herald – a newspaper started in 1831. It features news on almost every aspect like national, world, business, and sport. Technology and discussions of various 131 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence electronic items are offered as well. Sydney specific content like restaurants, TV Guide, and music reviews are present along with several pictures and videos. Nine MSN This news website is run by both Nine Entertainment and Microsoft. This site offers news from major Australian cities like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Sports and financial news are present alongside weather information. Entertainment aspects like celebrity news, gossip, and videos are present along with fashion news. The site features a comprehensive video library touching various aspects. ABC - the official site of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the site offers news about business, entertainment, weather, and sport along with the national and world news. In-depth analysis of the daily news is also offered through a special section, while the site has all the TV and radio content from ABC. The Age - featuring the news from ‘The Age’, this site additionally offers aspects like videos on a variety of aspects like entertainment, sport, and lifestyle. National and world news appear as in the print medium, while environment and business news are also present. 132 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Brisbane Times - Apart from providing the National and world news, this site specializes in providing local content from and for Brisbane. This local content is in the form of news, while TV schedules, restaurant reviews, and weather information are provided. Special Broadcasting Service - the official site of the Special Broadcasting Service provides all its content – news, videos, and photos – online. This site is available in several languages popular in Australia, while it provides the latest TV and radio guides. Podcasts and blogs are also offered on this site. Fox Sports - part of the Fox Interactive Media, this site specializes in providing news and other information about all the major sports in Australia. The upcoming fixtures, results, pictures, and videos are present along with fantasy games involving all the major sports. Adelaide Now - this site specializes in providing the breaking news from the Adelaide region in Australia. Other content meant primarily for Adelaide people include aspects like weather and real estate. Sports, entertainment, and business news are the other offerings on this site. Perth Now- is a site that provides content from and for the Perth region in Australia. Aspects like weather, real estate, classifieds, and discussion boards are specific to this region. The site also has national and world news as well. Smart Company - the content of this site is primarily targeted at small and medium enterprises. It primarily features news and advice related to business. Trends, features, and entrepreneur related news are offered along with the ability to ask experts on various topics. 133 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence AFR - this is a website from leading Australian newspaper “The Australian Financial Review” For most parts, this site offers only business, investment, and finance related news. Opinions are offered on the latest happenings in this sector. The global markets are covered in detail with charts, news, and videos. The site also features the latest technology and lifestyle related news. WA Today - Western Australia is online only magazine mostly covers news around Perth and Western Australia. It was founded in 2008. It is part of Fairfax Digital, which also own Sydney Morning Herald, The Age and Brisbane Times. Canberra Times - online website from The Canberra Times offers news around the world with local news of Canberra and ACT. The newspaper was founded in 1926 and taken over by Fairfax Digital Group in 2006. Covers various sections including nation and internation news, entertainment, tech, Environment, Sports and more. BigPond News - this is a news service from Australian internet provider BigPond. They offers live breaking news coverage in areas like national news, sports, entertainment, world, tech and much more. They also offer live online TV with live breaking news. Popular UK New sites The new sites in the United Kingdom cover a variety of aspects like politics, sport, business, and religion. There are a few sites that are especially more popular than the others due to the quality of the content. 134 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence BBC This site from BBC (British broadcasting corp.) provides all the latest news from the UK and from around the world. Sport, business, entertainment, health, travel, science, and environment are some of the different sections of news available on this site. Mail Online Daily Mail is a leading newspaper in UK and their website provides all the major news from the United Kingdom, while also focusing on popular and interesting news from the world. Sport, TV, showbiz, health, science, money, and travel are some of the popular sections on this site. The in-house columnists discuss every major talking point, while the site has several blogs and job listings. The Guardian The official site of the Guardian newspaper features news from the UK, world, and the US with greater importance. Other types of sections available on this site include society, education, politics, media, and 135 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence football news. Several contributors feature regularly on the ‘comment is free’ section that discusses various aspects from around the world. The site also has numerous videos as well. Telegraph - the official site of one of the oldest newspapers in the UK, this site features news from the UK that covers various aspects like politics, education, science, defense, health, and celebrities. News about the Royal family is also provided. Reuters - the UK version of the Reuters features breaking news from around the world. It also offers business, finance, and investment news as well. Information about the global markets is offered along with individual charting histories. Several pictures and videos are also present. The Sun - the Sun primarily provides breaking, crime, politics, and the latest news from the UK. Sport and showbiz are two sections that are also complete with news covering aspects like football, rugby, celebrities, TV, film, and music. There are several viral videos also offered. Sky News - this site primarily focuses on offering news about sports and entertainment, while the latest news from around the world is also offered. All the news is offered in the form of videos, while detailed information about the Sky broadcasting service is also provided. The Independent - aside from discussing news from the UK, the site also has news from around the world. Business, people, science, environment, media, technology, and education news is also offered. Football is news is dealt with through a dedicated section. 136 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Sky Sports - this site offers sports news covering various sports like football, F1, cricket, rugby, golf, boxing, tennis, and cycling. Radio and video content is also provided along with several opinions and blogs from high profile pundits and critics in the game. Financial Times - this site primarily focuses on the business news from the UK and from around the world. Markets, global economy, and industry news form part of the site. The market data comprises of all the indices information that is offered along with charts. Mirror - a site from Daily Mirror newspaper specializes in providing the latest and weird news from around the world. The news from the UK is also provided along with several aspects like real-life stories, crime, and world news. Sport, lifestyle, and money are the other major sections at this site. Digital Spy - this site offers primarily entertainment, media, and showbiz news. The site features interviews from several high-profile names in the respective industries, while there are numerous videos and blogs available as well. Several spoilers are also present along with videos. Huffington Post UK - the UK version of the Huffington Post provides all the latest news from the UK along with opinions of the same from several columnists. Politics, sport, and entertainment news are the major sections on this site, while aspects like celebrities and entertainment news are also present. The Register - is a site that primarily offers science and technology news. This news is provided in various sections like cloud, datacenter, 137 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence software, and hardware. A discussion board is also part of the site. Each news is offered along with the related multimedia content. News Now - is a news-aggregating site that offers all the latest news in different sections like hot topics, current affairs, world news, business news, and sports news. It is possible to customize the news feed in any different section. 138 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 8: Dating Websites In this tech-centric world, we spend most of our time in from of computer screens. And although you might have a great friends circle, you might not have found that “right” person as yet. But with the way things are changing, you don’t need to sit back and wait for that person to walk into your life. With online dating sites, it’s possible to meet likeminded people. PlentyofFish Earlier it was PlentyofFish.com and now POF.com is the ideal spot for fun in dating. Plenty Of Fish has advanced matching system and they guarantee a great match with most frequent re-visits to the online dating site. The site offers free and ad supported dating service. It is biggest dating community by traffic and members. Match.com Started in 1995 and offering services in 24 countries and in 15 different languages. Match is perfect for singles that are looking for company. 139 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence People from diverse backgrounds and areas of work are known to connect here over interests and choices. Match.com is first dating website on Internet! Ok Cupid Is as specific to the user as possible. OkCupid takes questions and answers and finds out that is right for you. Offers free dating service and second largest after POF.com Zoosk 140 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Is integrated with Facebook and has a lot of members form different countries. Cross- cultural dating is seen on the website and it is one of the online dating websites that are growing increasingly popular. Ashley Madison - is the best clandestine websites for anonymous connections, flirting and dating. The site connects you with like-minded people of your interest – men may seek men and women may seek women too – and your identity is kept confidential. They have paid and free membership. Free members cannot initiative a conversation with any other user. eHarmony - is more focused on building partners than simple flings. The site does its personality tests and finds you a close to your choice match. The site is not available for free; it has a paid subscription. However, the site is dedicated to relationship research and they also provide services like advice. DateHookup - allows you to contact the person of your interest, show interest, send messages and start dating absolutely free. DateHookup.com is an ad supported and 100% free dating site. It requires registration to connect with other users. The site offers a free personal blog to every user and many other features after registration. Site was founded in 2002 and also offers mobile dating applications for their users. Christian Mingle - is a dating site for Christian singles. This dating site aims to connect singles willing to make meaningful connections and marry with Christian religion faith. Users can create a free membership and connect with their 2 way matching service. 141 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence SpeedDate.com - has facilities like video chat, speed date concentrates on cutting the chase. Users can call; text and video connect with each other and even connect over audio recordings. The site is user friendly and quick. Senior People’s Meet - is a dating website to connect senior singles seeking for dating partners. Users can register and create profile for free but required to pay if want to contact other members. The site is part of People Media, which also own other leading sites like Match.com Single’s Network - is online since 1999 and offers online dating services to limited number of countries. The site also offers chat rooms and forums. They also offer religion based dating services and match making within their website. It is subscription based and require users to subscribe to send a message. Chemistry.com - is the sister website of Match.com – but the site is not free. They allow up to 5 profile views for free per day; paid subscriptions don’t have limits. Black People Meet - was founded in 2002 and now part of Dating.com. It is probably one of the largest black dating site connecting black singles for dating. The site is for African-American personals looking a date partner. Users can create free account but require to pay to send message other users. JDate.com - is a dating website for Jewish people. The site claim to maintain perfect 50:50 male-female ratios. The site is offered in English and local language. It has some cool tools like online members 142 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence search, advance search options, e-cards, online instant message and much more. Cupid.com - focuses in connecting local people. They are not into high end research and analytics and do not ask you to fill questionnaires – they bring you in contact with real people. DateInAsia - is a dating website connecting various asian singles for date. The site also offers dating by cities where users can find dating partners by cities. The site offers free dating service with limited support. Users can connect with others for free. True.com - is known for its background checks. It is popular for validating that people are genuine and connecting people to more trusted companions on the other side of the internet. RSVP.com.au - is part of leading Aussie daily smh.com.au and network. The site claim to add 1000 singles every day and #1 dating site in Australia. Users can register for free but to contact other users, they require a subscription. They also offer pay as you go option. The site has sections like top 100 single men, single women and new member’s introduction. Meetic - is online since 2001 and claim to have millions of users using their service. The site is also offered as mirror website in many other languages and regional websites. The company is listed in Europe’s stock exchange in 2005. Mingle2 - is an AD supported and FREE dating site where user can sign up for free and start finding dating partners immediately. The site 143 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence already has taken necessary steps to avoid fake or inactive profiles on their website. They also have forums on variety of topics. How About We? - is a dating site with twist where users can submit a dating idea, check other’s profiles and make plans to date! Users can set their dating preferences as well. Free accounts have certain limited features including free posting of dates, say i am interested, check others profiles etc. However to send and receive unlimited messages, users need to upgrade. Oasis.com - offers free dating service and claim to add more than 300000 members every month. Offers some cool features like instant messengers, automatic matching, local and global matching and multiple languages. The site also offer dating community where other users can share their dating experience. MillionaireMatch - is a dating site for millionaire singles or finding millionaire dating personal! The site also offers dating applications for popular mobile platforms like Android and iOS. Users can create free profile but require paying to connect with other members. Site is offered in 2 other languages as well. LavaLife.com - is one of the oldest on the network of dating websites. The site has only about 20 thousand members and it is not a free website. Date.com - has been online for quite some time. The site is available in Spanish, Portuguese and English. It was started in 1997 and is Free for its member community. 144 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Passion Search - commits to most advanced personalized search for your ideal date. The online community can be joined for free. They have strong local connect. Flirt.com – is a UK based website, Flirt.com, has a good global presence with websites catering to various zones. It is also popular in America with a good US traffic rank. They cater to local tastes. PerfectMatch - is professional and committed to making people come together. They also offer various resources, articles and tips on dating. Matchmaker - takes interest in setting you up with partners and building long term relationships. The website is alive since 1986 making it one of the oldest websites. Mate1.com - offers paid as well as free service. They are dedicated to finding you “someone”. Profiles can be viewed for free. 145 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Chapter 9: Freelance Websites Setting up a business has become easier than ever. With the advent of services like work outsourcing and remote workers, the capital investment to start a new business has considerably decreased and has been extensively been used by small to medium sized business. Some of the websites where one can find freelancers and remote workers to outsource work are discussed below. Fiverr Is a good place to outsource a variety of tasks for a mere $5. Although the output quality is not guaranteed, it can nevertheless be a good option to outsource tasks which consume time but do not need much skill. Freelancer 146 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Has one of the biggest database of expert freelancers. Projects start at $30 and you can decide to either post the project or directly contact freelancers with the quote. Also you need to pay only when certain milestones as decided by you are met which and hence ensure high quality. oDesk Is one of the emerging places for outsourcing and creating a highly qualified remote team. Just post the job with the requirements and budget and chose the appropriate candidates and you are all set to get your work done. oDesk provides various feedback regarding the work including screenshots of the computer at regular intervals so that you can keep a track on the progress of the work. Elance 147 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Allows you to connect and outsource your work to one million freelancers across the globe. Posting a job on Elance is completely FREE and one can pay only when the goal is met. Elance has a pool of highly qualified professionals with various skills and guarantee high quality work. 99Designs - was part of sitepoint marketplace but now a separate website. 99Design is marketplace for logo and web design and other graphic designs like t-shirt design, brochures, mobile app design, banner ads and book cover designs. Limited to design related tasks. Proz.com - is a translation marketplace. It can help finding professional translators and interpreters for various languages. People who are looking for translation job can join the website to find and bid on translation projects. The site was founded in 1999 and currently has more than 600000 members. Guru - is one of the largest online freelancing service providers. Posting a project on Guru is absolutely FREE and takes only four simple steps. Most of the freelancers in Guru are US based freelancers and hence can be an added advantage. One can post any project on website, creative arts or business categories. People Per Hour - is a great place to search for highly talented freelancers and remote office workers. Posting a job is absolutely FREE and allows employers to pay when the job is completed. Many small and medium sized businesses use PeoplePerHour while avoiding the traditional cost of setting up a business. Microworkers - as name says, this marketplace is to get small job done! Freelancers can get paid to like facebook fan page, following someone on twitter, bookmark a website on delicous or liking YouTube videos. 148 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Since it is small jobs marketplace, employer can not do less than 30 tasks per project. FreelanceSwitch - offers freelance forum, freelancer directory, a blog and a marketplace for employers and freelancers. The blog offers some nice articles and tips to freelancers and employers. Employers can post jobs for free. TextBroker - is a marketplace for only content writing services where clients can submit their writing project and author’s can write articles or bid on projects. They only accept US Citizen for freelance work. Residents from other countries are not accepted. There is rating system (article rated by editorial team) for quality control. Clients can pay based on author’s star rating (a fixed pricing, not negotiable or client can’t set price) Gigbucks - is a good Fiverr alternative for outsourcing work. Unlike Fiverr where you can only outsource some errands, Gigbuck has a greater appeal due to a higher reward and hence one can expect to outsource bigger tasks like creating a website or programming. One can either create an account with Gigbucks or just login using FaceBook and start outsourcing work. CrowdSpring -is a logo design and graphic design and content writing marketplace but with their money back guarantee. There are around 120000 freelancers with this marketplace according to website data. Freelance.com - launched in 2010. Freelance.com offers marketplace for various categories and claim to have currently more than 100000+ contractors on their website. For employers, it offers two types of accounts; one is direct account where employer can directly contact 149 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence contractors, another is Corp account, which allows advanced job management. Get a Coder - is the place to look for freelancer programmers and web designers. It allows you to pick the best freelancers either based on location or cost and also allows you to save money and time. Submitting a job is absolutely FREE and one can also go for the Premium level which requires a refundable $25 deposit and shows that you are a serious employer and makes your job post stand out from the rest. WriterAccess - is another content writing marketplace with 5000+ star rated writers. It has similar price per word model for customers. If buyer (employer) commit $2500 worth orders, they get “WriterAccess Plus Services” with additional benefits. iFreelance - is also a place to find free lancers for your work and offers pretty much every service other free lancing websites provide. It however does not charge any transaction fee from either the employers or the freelancers thereby attracting more freelancers and greater chances of finding suitable candidates. Finding freelancers is also quite easy depending on various category and sub category as per your requirement. Project4hire - is a great destination for outsourcing technical jobs including web designing, graphic designing, programming, it professionals etc. Posting a job is absolutely FREE and there are great chances of getting suitable and qualified professionals. Freelancers.Net - has a great easy to understand interface which allows one to post jobs and look for freelancers at ease. With the freelancer 150 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence rating and testimonial option, one can easily browse through the list of quality freelancers. The site is based in UK and hence concentrates more on freelancers and jobs from UK, but there are freelancers from other part of the world too. GoFreelance - is a relatively small freelance marketplace site. Freelancer and employer need to register an account to submit bid or submit new project. Note: Site below is removed from the list. vWorker.com was acquired by freelancer.com and now don’t have separate marketplace. All accounts are migrated to freelancer.com network and users currently have limited access to their vWorker.com account. Vworker - or virtual worker allows you to outsource your work to more than 350000 professionals. Just post a project, interview prospective bidders, select the worker and wait for the job to be completed. There are no posting fees, activation fees or subscription fees and one can pay the money only when the work is done. 151 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Seminars Offered by McAfee Institute Open Source Intelligence Advanced Open Source Intelligence ECrime Investigation Methodologies Social Networking Intelligence Gathering Use of Informants in Retail How to Investigate Cyber Crimes Forensic Examination of Fraudsters Cyber Forensics Intro to Cyber Forensics Leadership Development John C. Maxwell Leadership Organized Retail Crime Please visit http://www.mcafeeinstitute.com for information about all of our upcoming events or call us at 888-263-1650 152 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Certifications Offered Certified Cyber Intelligence Professional (CCIP®) this certification designates individuals who have demonstrated competency in all areas of cyber intelligence, investigations & Management. Certified Cyber Intelligence Investigator the Certified Organized Retail Crime Investigator (CORC) credential denotes proven expertise in organized retail crime prevention, detection and prosecution. 153 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence About Us We are what speakers, consultants, and trainers were always supposed to be, leading expert-practitioners who are mentors by nature, not merely by professional choice. When you’re born to help other people excel, that’s a great place to start. But that’s only a start; you have to grow from there and continue to add value. And we have. The McAfee Institute is a Saint Louis, Missouri-based non-profit organization and team of expert-practitioners of cyber intelligence, fraud, loss prevention, leadership and strategic business who advocate an innovative approach to managing your company’s most valuable and most under-leveraged, asset – your people. We target, train and mentor the business leaders responsible for architecting and orchestrating strategy execution and who run your business. Our expert-practitioners, mentors, coaches, and consultants specialize in working with you to enhance your understanding and leverage of the real world cause-and-effect relationship between how you think about cyber threats, protecting assets, creating industry leaders and the quality of your business results. We don’t chase the latest management or technology fads; rather we instill the time- tested success principles of excellence in business/people management. We provide the answer to how to “do more with less” – teaching your leaders the valuable “lost art” of truly great people management. 154 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Testimonials “I’ve attended other cyber courses over my 25 years and this program ranked up there with the best. Josh’s knowledge and enthusiasm made the course.” - Craig Baylis – Agent – Office of Inspector General “A well-crafted webinar with up-to-date and relevant material presented by an engaging presenter. I would definitely attend other McAfee training seminars in the future.” Justin Porter – Director of Investigations – IP Services “The Cyber Crime course offered by McAfee was very interesting and educational. Many of the tips I picked up during the course will be very helpful in my investigations on a daily basis. Excellent course of instruction.” - Charles Becker – Fraud Investigator – RBS Citizens Banks “Thanks to Josh for providing bits of his experience to enhance the presentation. The presentation provided a great foundation for me to build on. I am looking forward to a long relationship with Josh and the McAfee Institute. - Wayne Millen – CEO - Professional Investigative Resources and Consulting “Josh McAfee taught the eCrime Investigation Methodologies course today and did an absolutely outstanding job. It is clear from his delivery that he truly speaks from experience, is well educated in a broad spectrum, and leaves no student behind as he teaches concepts guaranteed to increase both your effectiveness and your income.” 155 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence “I applied one technique he taught today to a project I have worked on for several weeks and within four hours of completing the course was able to confidently say that the matter had been resolved. The value for me was so high that it is difficult to measure. The value for my clients is priceless. The outcome will alter their lives.” “I am also currently participating in the 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership program and it is truly inspirational. This course examines your business leadership skills and knowledge and shows you how to make improvements that benefit everyone you come in contact with. The effect this has on your personal life is remarkable because it gives you an entire phase shift in your outlook and the way you respond to those who rely on you.” “Josh teaches this course right from the heart and it shows up in so many ways during the presentation. It doesn’t get any better than that. Outstanding! Thank you, Josh.” - Paul Curtis CEO – West Coast Forensic “Great class, with real life stories, cases, and experiences. Very helpful information!” - Weidong Yang- Trust.cc “Thanks very much, the course was excellent. We had a short debrief after we finished the course and everyone thought the session was very worthwhile and they learned a great deal. Please thank Paul for his time as well.” - Kathy MacDonald - Constable – Calgary Police Department 156 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence “I know Josh to be of high integrity and an excellent instructor in fraud detection and prevention. I have attended McAfee Institute webinars on conducting investigations using the Internet, detecting fraud in on line auctions and a few other topics that Josh features. He has always been extremely knowledgeable and precise in his delivery of the content. Josh goes out of his way to ensure his audience understands the material and gets all their questions answered. I highly recommend attending webinars that are featured by Josh and his company.” - Alan Greggo CPP, CFE – FounderProfit Rx “I took the eCommerce fraud course in order to gain a new skill set so I could make a career change….the techniques and information that was passed on far exceeded my expectations. In just a short time I was able to detect potential frauds on several different platforms. More importantly, by implementing the lessons I was able to gather useful intelligence, perform scientific analysis, and learned how to document the information in such a manner as to be useful in prosecutions. These techniques work! The subject matter is both relevant and interesting. More importantly, they are useful. Well worth the investment. I recommend wholeheartedly this course to anyone involved in eCommerce fraud investigations.” - Scott Dillion 157 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 158 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence References AMANET. “American Companies Increase Use of Electronic Monitoring: AMA Calls on Employers to Raise Level of Dialogue with Employees.”AMANET.org. Retrieved December 19,2006 from www.amanet.org/research/specials/elecmont.htm (2000). Barbera v.Smith,836 F.2d 96,100 (2d Cir.1987). Burns v.Reed,500 U.S.478,493,114 L.Ed.2d 547,111 S.Ct.1934 (1991). B. Prasad, “Intelligent Techniques for E-Commerce”, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 4 (2) (2003) 65-71. Carr, Jeffrey. Cyber Warfare. Sebastopol: O'Reilly, 2010. Cavelty, Myriam. Cyber-Security and Threat Politics. New York: Routledge, 2008. Congress, House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Organized “Commerce: Theory and Implementation,” Decision Support Systems, 24 (1) (1998) 17-27. H.S. Shah, N.R. Joshi, A. Sureka, and P.R. Wurman, “Mining eBay: Bidding Strategies and Shill David Lucking-Reiley, “Using Field Experiments to Test Equivalence Between Auction Formats: Magic on the Internet.” American Economic Review, 89 (5)(1999): 10631080 F.M. Menezes and P.K. Monteiro, An Introduction to Auction Theory, Oxford University Press, 2005, 10-11. 159 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Federal Bureau of Investigation. “2005 FBI Computer Crime Survey. ” (2006). Retrieved April 9, 2010 from http://www.digitalriver.com/v2.0img/operations/naievigi/site/media /pdf/FBIccs 2005.pdf. Hinduja, Sameer. “Computer Crime Investigations in the United States: Leveraging knowledge from the Past to Address the Future.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 1.1 (2007) Internet Crime Complaint Center. 2010 Internet Crime Report. National White Collar Crime Center, 2011. Gahtan, Alan. “Monitoring Employee Communications.” Gahtan.com. Retrieved November 16, 2006, from www.gahtan.com/alan/articles/monitor.htm(1997). Kerr, Orin. Computer Crime Law. Eagan: Thomson-West, 2008. K. Chui and R. Xwick, “Auction on the Internet-A Preliminary Study,” Manuscript available at http://repository.ust.hk/dspace/handle/1783.1/1035, July 7, 2008. King Rogers, “Organized Retail Theft,” in Retail Crime, Security, and Loss Prevention: An Encyclopedic Reference, ed. Charles A. Sennewald and John H. Christman (Elseiver Inc., 2008). L.S. Bagwell, “Dutch Auction Repurchases: An Analysis of Shareholder Heterogeneity,” Journal of Finance, 47 (1) (1992) 71105. 160 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence Lemieux, Frederic. Information Technology in Criminal Intelligence Services: An International Comparative Perspective. In Leman-Langlois, S. (ed.) Technocrime. Columpton, UK: Willan Publishing, pp. 139-168, 2008. Lemieux, Frederic. Normes et pratiques en matière de renseignements criminels : une comparaison internationale. Ste-Foy: Presses Universite Laval, 2006. McAfee Labs. McAfee Threats Report: Third Quarter 2010. Santa Clara: McAfee Inc., 2010. Mendell, Ronald. Investigating Computer Crime in the 21st Century. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 2004. Mint.com (2012). How to Protect Your Privacy on Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn. Retrieved from http://www.mint.com/blog/moneyhack/howto-protect-your-privacyon-facebook-myspace- and-linkedin/ Muskier, Jean A. “E-Privacy Balancing Employer’s Interests and Employee’s Rights in the High Tech Workplace – A Review of Massachusetts Law.”Srbc.com. Retrieved from http://srbc.com/publications_eprivacy.html on October 25, 1998. Mullins, Robert. “Analysis: Corporate Leak Probes Walk a Fine Line.” IDG News Service. Retrieved December 21,2006, from www.macworld.com/(2006). 161 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence National Consumer League, “Online Auctions SurveySummary of Findings,” Retrieved on July 7,2008 from http://www.nclnet.org/shoppingonline/auctionsurvey.htm National Retail Federation, 2010 Organized Retail Crime Survey, 2010, p. 7. Ibid., p. 9. National Retail Federation, 2009 Organized Retail Crime Survey, 2009, p. 8.See, for example, testimony of Brad Brekke, Vice President of Assets Protection, Target Corporation, before the U.S. Organized Retail Crime Annual Report 2008: Describing a Major Problem. P. Milgrom and R. Weber, “A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding,” Econometrica, 50 (1982) 1089-1122. P.R. Wurman, W.E. Walsh, and M.P. Wellman, “Flexible Double Auctions for Electronic Retail Theft Prevention: Fostering a Comprehensive Public-Private Response, 110th Cong., 1st sess., October 25, 2007, H.Hrg. 110-122. Peters, Sara. CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey. New York: Computer Security Institute, 2009. Reyes, Anthony. Cyber Crime Investigations: Bridging the Gaps Between Security Professionals, Law Enforcement, and Prosecutors. Rockland: Syngress, 2007. R.L. Reiley, “Vickrey Auctions in Practice: From NineteenthCentury Philately to Twenty-First-Century E-Commerce,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (3) (2000) 183- 162 The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Intelligence 192. R.P. McAfee and J. McMillan, “Auctions and Bidding,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXV: (1987) 699-738. Richards v. City of New York. U.S.Dist. LEXIS 13675, Southern District of New York,1998. Smith v. The Pillsbury Company,No.95-5712 (E.D.Pa.1996). Spykerman, Mike. “Is E-mail Monitoring Legal?”Redearthsoftware.com. Retrieved December 14, 2006 from www.redearthsoftware.com/email-monitoring-article.htm. Tracy Johnson and Read Hayes, “Behind the Fence: Buying and Selling Stolen Merchandise,” Security Journal, vol.16, no. 4 (2003). W. Vickrey, “Counter speculation, Auctions, and Competitive Sealed Tenders,” Journal of Finance, Vol. 16 (1961) 8-37. 163