UNIT IV SELECTED POLICE MODELS United States of America Policing System Prepared by: JENE KRIZENNIELLE CRUZAT ROSALES Comparative Police System Crime Scene Investigation State law enforcement agencies operate in every state except Hawaii. Most full-time sworn personnel are uniformed officers who regularly patrol and respond to calls for service, Others work as investigators, perform courtrelated duties, or carry out administrative or other Specialized assignments are available after at least two years of regular patrol duties. Officers can specialize in a particular field, such as chemical and microscopic analysis, training and firearms Instruction, or handwriting and fingerprint identification. Others work with special units, Such as horseback, bicycle, motorcycle, or harbor patrol; canine corps; special weapons and tactics(SWAT); or emergency response teams. A few local and special law enforcement officers primarily perform jail-related duties or work in courts. Detective Collecting Evidence Detectives are plainclothes investigators who gather facts and collect evidence for criminal cases. Some are assigned to interagency task forces to combat specific types of crime. They conduct interviews, examine records, observe the activities of suspects, and participate in raids or arrests. Fish and game wardens enforce fishing, hunting, and boating laws. They patrol hunting and fishing areas conduct search and rescue operations, investigate complaints and accidents and aid in prosecuting court cases. The Federal Government works in many areas or law enforcement. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents are the government's principal investigators, responsible for investigating violations of more than 200 categories of federal law and conducting sensitive national security investigations. Agents may conduct surveillance monitor courtauthorized wiretap, examine business records, investigate white-collar crime, or participate in sensitive undercover assignments. FBI The FBI investigates a wide range of criminal activity, including organized crime, public corruption, financial crime, bank robbery, kidnapping, terrorism, espionage, drug trafficking, and cyber crime. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives agents enforce and investigate violations of federal firearms and explosives laws, as well as federal alcohol and tobacco tax regulations. The U.S. Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security special agents are engaged in the battle against terrorism. The Department of Homeland Security Employs numerous law enforcement officers within several different agencies, including Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Secret Service. U.S. Border Patrol agents protect more than 8,000 miles of international land and water boundaries. Immigration inspectors interview and examine people seeking entrance to the United States and its territories, Customs inspectors enforce laws governing imports and exports by Inspecting, cargo, baggage, and articles worm or carried by people, vessels, vehicles trains, and aircraft entering or leaving the United States. Federal Air Marshals Provide air security by guarding against attacks targeting U.S. aircraft, passengers, and crews U.S. Secret Service special agents and U.S. Secret Service uniformed officers protect the President, Vice President, their immediate families, and other public officials. Secret Service special agents also investigate counterfeiting, forgery of government checks or bonds, and fraudulent use of credit cards. Other federal agencies employ police and special agents with sworn arrest powers and the authority to carry firearms. These agencies include the Postal Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs Office of Law Enforcement, the Forest Service, and the National Park Civilian Law Enforcement Alternatives A civilian career in law enforcement is a great alternative to serving as a sworn officer. For any number of reasons, serving as a sworn peace officer is not for everyone. Civilian or non-sworn positions abound in most agencies. These jobs offer a fantastic opportunity to give backs to your community and still work in the law enforcement field. 01 Civilian Investigators Investigate a wide range of incidents including traffic collisions, financial crimes, property crimes and crimes against persons. 02 Correctional Staff / Jailers Operate their own detention facilities often rely on a civilian staff. These employees provide security services for the facility and handle in-take, processing, monitoring, feeding, and transportation of inmates. 03 Crime Analysts Helps law enforcement agencies translate their vast amounts of data. 04 Crime Prevention / Community Outreach Helps law enforcement agencies translate their vast amounts of data into actionable information about crime patterns and trends. 05 Civilian Investigators Investigate a wide range of incidents including traffic collisions, financial crimes, property crimes and crimes against persons. 06 Equipment / Fleet Management Law enforcement agencies use a variety of specialized equipment from handheld radios to GSP to customized vehicles. 07 Forensic Technicians On call 24 hours a day to respond to crime scenes, take photographs, collect, and analyze evidence. 08 Information Technology Specialists (MDTs) computerized mapping, digital video, and wireless communication have generated a great demand for qualified IT professionals in police agencies. 09 Intelligence Analysts Many agencies employ analysts specially trained to collate and interpret intelligence gathered by officers in the field. 10 Parking Enforcement Non-sworn personnel in this capacity may enforce various local and state parking laws, mark and remove abandoned or illegal parked vehicles, and assist with traffic control. 11 Planners/Researchers May perform a wide range of duties including grant management, strategic planning, and coordinating agency policy and accreditation issue. 12 Property/Evidence Management From officers uniforms and equipment to crime scene evidence and seized goods, agencies employ civilian personnel to manage and organize these inventories. 13 Public Information Officers Jurisdiction employ civilian public information officers to field requests from the public and the media and manage the messages of the department. 14 Police officers collecting evidence (finger prints) from broken glass 15 Records management Field interview to a crime report or arrest, generates some record or arrest, generates some record of data. 16 Victim Services Providers/Advocates Support and assistance for crime victims, family members, and witnesses. 17 Volunteers Volunteers play critical roles in agencies all across the country. 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