Chapter 23 Outline Facials
I. INTRODUCTION
Good skin care can make a big difference in the way skin looks and in the way a client feels
about his or her appearance. A facial, also known as a facial treatment, is a professional skin
treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin.
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Besides being very relaxing, facial treatments can offer many improvements to the
appearance of the skin.
Proper skin care can make oily skin look cleaner and healthier, dry skin look and feel
more moist and supple, and aging skin look smoother, firmer, and less wrinkled.
A combination of good salon facial treatments and effective, individualized home care
will show visible results..
II. CONDUCT A CONSULTATION AND SKIN ANALYSIS
Skin analysis determines skin type, skin condition, and needed treatment. The consultation
allows you to ask questions about the client’s health and skin care history and to advise the
client about a home care regimen.
A. CLIENT INTAKE FORM
Before the beginning of the consultation and analysis, your client will complete a client
intake form. The main purpose of client intake form, is for the client to document any
contraindications that might prohibit certain skin treatments, procedures, or products
(sometimes referred to as a health screening).
1. Contradictions: A contraindication is a condition the client has, or a treatment
the client is undergoing, that might cause a negative side effect during a facial
treatment. For example: having a pacemaker.
a. Isotretinoin (Accutane): This oral medication is used to treat cystic acne
and causes thinning of the skin all over the body. Do not give treatments
for at least six months after stopping the drug. Avoid exfoliation, peeling,
or stimulating treatments. Use of this product can cause the skin to
blister or peel off during waxing.
b. Retin-A (Tretinoin), Reno Tazorac, or Differin: Avoid treatments that
would include exfoliating, stimulating, or peeling. Use of this product can
cause the skin to blister or peel off during waxing.
c. Pregnancy: Use no electrical treatments or any other treatment
without a physician’s written permission. Pregnant women may develop
sensitivities.
d. Metal bone pins or plates: If a client has metal bone pins or plates,
avoid all electrical treatments as electricity may affect metal.
e. Pacemakers or other heart conditions: Avoid all electrical treatments.
Electricity can possibly affect rhythms and pacemakers.
f. Known allergies: Avoid known allergens or fragrances as an allergic
reaction can occur.
g. Seizures or epilepsy: Avoid electrical and light treatments as it could
trigger seizure reaction.
h. Use of oral steroids such as prednisone: Avoid stimulating or
exfoliating treatments or waxing. Steroids can cause thinning of the skin,
which could result in blistering or injury.
i. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus: Avoid any harsh or stimulating
treatments. The reactions can be unpredictable in some cases.
j. Diabetes: Diabetics heal slowly; get a physician’s approval before
treatment. There are no specific reactions; however, cautions should be
taken.
k. Blood thinners: Extractions should be done with physician’s permission
as well as waxing. Blood thinners may cause bleeding or bruising.
l. Sensitive, redness-prone skin: Avoid heat, harsh scrubs, mechanical
treatment, and stimulating massages. It may aggravate redness.
m. Open sores, herpes simplex (cold sores): Avoid all treatments until
clear with doctor. These sores could spread or flare up and could be a
sign of an infectious disease.
n. Recent facial surgery or laser treatment: Treat with physician’s
permission only.
B. Record-Keeping
During the consultation, keep the client intake form and service record card with you to
record any necessary information from one card to the other if needed. The service
record card should contain the following information.
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Client data: Name, address, and phone number
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Client’s occupation
Client’s date of birth: Used to determine signs of premature aging of the skin
Medical conditions that might affect treatment
Medications: Any medications the client is using including topical drugs for skin.
If they have any contraindications that may include pacemaker, metal implants,
pregnancy, diabetes, epilepsy, allergies, and high blood pressure.
If client has had a previous treatment: If they have, what treatments were
performed?
Information on any skin care products the client is currently using.
Notation of how the client was referred to the salon.
Observations on the client’s skin type, skin condition, and any abnormalities of
the skin.
Home care recommendations: Do not hesitate to recommend services and
products that will be beneficial to the client. To achieve the best results from a
treatment given in the salon, the guest must leave with a home care regimen
that supports the treatment products.
III. DETERMINE SKIN TYPE DURING THE SKIN ANALYSIS
At this point, you have carefully read the client’s client intake form and discussed your
questions with the client. During the first consultation and before every subsequent facial
treatment, it is important to perform a thorough analysis of the client’s skin. During a skin
analysis you will:
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Read health screening form.
Have client change into smock.
Seat client in chair.
Drape client. Use a hair cap, headband, or towels.
Have client remove jewelry.
Recline client in chair.
Wash hands.
Warm cleansing milk in hands and apply.
Apply cotton eye pads to client’s eyes.
Look through a magnifying lamp.
A magnifying lamp is a magnifying lens surrounded by a circular light, sometimes called loupes
or mag lights, are used for skin analysis, close hair removal including tweezing, electrolysis and
waxing.
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Observe pore size. The amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands determines
the size of the pores. Obvious pores indicate oily skin; lack of pores indicates dry (alipidic
skin).
A. SKIN TYPES
Skin type is determined by how oily or dry the skin is. Skin type is hereditary and cannot be
permanently changed with treatment. Skin conditions are characteristics of the skin
associated with a particular skin type.
1. Oily: Oily skin produces too much sebum and will have large pores. Skin will appear
shiny or even greasy. Pores may be clogged from dead cells building up in hair follicles.
2. Open comdones: Open comedones are a mixture of solidified sebum and dead cell
buildup stuck in the follicles. Closed comedones are small bumps just underneath the
skin surface.
3. Ostium: The difference between closed and open comedones is the size of the follicle
opening or ostium.
4. Extraction: An extraction is a procedure in which comedones are removed from the
follicles by manual maniplulation.
5. Dry or alipidic: Alipidic means lack of lipids. Alipidic skin becomes dry or dehydrated
because it does not produce enough sebum.
6. Normal: Normal skin has even pore distribution. It is very soft with a smooth surface
and lacks wrinkles. Normal skin is unusual.
7. Combination dry: Obvious pores down the center of the face; pores are not visible or
become smaller toward the outer edges of the face. Pores may be clogged on the nose,
chin, and center of the forehead and dry, non-visible toward the outside edges of the
face.
8. Combination oily: Wider distribution of obvious or large pores down the center of the
face extending to the outer cheeks. Pores become smaller toward the edges of the face.
There are comedones, clogged pores, or obvious pores in the center of the face.
B. Acne
Pores are very large in all areas. Acne is considered a skin type because it is hereditary.
There is a presence of numerous, open and closed comedones, clogged pores, and red
papules and pustules (pimples).
1. How a pimple is formed: The follicles will become clogged with bacteria and dead skin
cells. With the dead skin cells covering the pore, the anaerobic bacteria will thrive and
cause a pimple.
C. ANALYSIS OF SKIN CONDITIONS
Conditions are generally treatable, not hereditary, and are associated with a particular skin
type.
1. Dehydration: This is indicated by flaky areas or skin that wrinkles easily on the
surface. Gently pinching the skin surface may result in the formation of many fine lines.
This indicates dehydration. Dehydrated skin may be caused by lack of care, improper
skin care products, sun exposure, etc. Treat by using hydrators appropriate for the skin
type.
2. Hyperpigmentation: Dark blotches of color; most are caused by sun exposure or
hormone imbalances. The use of mild exfoliants, sunscreen, and avoidance of sun
exposure can help.
3. Sensitive skin: Characterized by a thin, red-pink look; the skin turns red and is easily
inflamed by skin care products. Avoid use of strong products.
4. Rosacea: Rosacea is a chronic hereditary disorder that can be indicated by constant or
frequent facial blushing.
5. Dilated capillaries: Which are distended or dilated surface blood vessels. This is also
known as telangectasias or couperose. Avoid use of treatment that releases heat or
stimulates the skin.
IV. AGING AND SUN-DAMAGED SKIN
A. AGING SKIN
Indicated by loss of elasticity; the skin tends to sag in areas around the eyes and jaw
line. Wrinkles may appear. Treatments that hydrate and exfoliate will improve skin
appearance.
B. SUN DAMAGED SKIN
The skin has been chronically exposed to sun over the client’s lifetime.
Hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, and sagging skin will be present.
V. CATEGORIZE SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
Most skin care products are designed for specific skin types or conditions. There are several
major categories.
A. CLEANSERS
Formulated to cleanse the surface of skin and remove makeup.
1. Cleansing milks: Cleansing milks are nonfoaming lotions designed to cleanse
dry and sensitive skin types and remove makeup; they can be applied with hands
but must be removed with dampened facial sponges, a soft cloth, or cotton pads.
2. Foaming cleansers: Foaming cleansers are wash-off type products; they
contain surfactants (also known as detergents) that cause the product to form
and rinse easily.
B. TONERS
Toners, also known as fresheners or astringents, are lotions that help rebalance the pH
and remove remnants of cleanser
1. Hydrate and soothe: They may contain an exfoliating ingredient to help
remove dead cells. Some contain a higher alcohol content for oilier skin types.
They are applied with cotton pads. Alcohol-free toners can be sprayed on the
face.
C. EXFOLIANTS
Exfoliants are products that help bring about exfoliation or remove excess cells from
the skin surface. Removing dead skin cells makes skin look smoother and clearer.
1. Mechanical exfoliants: Mechanical exfoliants work by physically “bumping off
” dead cell buildup.
a. Granular scrubs
b. Gommages: Gommage is a French word meaning “erase.” It is a
peeling cream that is rubbed off, removing dead skin cells through
friction.
2. Microdermabrasion scrubs: Microdermabrasion scrubs are mechanical
exfoliation scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals.
3. Chemical exfoliants: Chemical exfoliants contain chemicals that loosen or
dissolve dead cell buildup. Popular exfoliating chemicals are alphahydroxy acids
which dissolve the bonds and “intercellular cement” between cells. Caution! You
must have hands-on, supervised training before attempting chemical exfoliation
treatments.
a. Salon AHA exfoliants: These are often referred to as “peels.” Salon
products contain 20 to 30 percent alphahydroxy acids.
b. Prior home use required: Certain chemical peels shouldn’t be used in
the salon unless the client has been using a 10 percent product at home
for at least two weeks prior to the salon treatment.
c. When to avoid mechanical peeling
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Skin with visible capillaries
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This indicates fragile blood vessels.
Thin skin that reddens easily
Older skin: It will be thin and bruise easily.
Skin being medically treated: With tretinoin (retinoic acid or
Retin-A), Azelaic Acid, Adapalene (Differin), Alphahydroxy Acids
(AHA),Isotretinoin, or Salicylic Acid.
Acne-prone skin
4. Enzyme peels: Enzyme peels are keratolytic enzymes that dissolve keratin
protein in surface cells. Enzyme products are often derived from papaya fruit
(papain) or pineapple (bromelain). They may also be made of beef byproducts
(pancreatin).
a. Cream-type peels: Usually contain papain; they are applied to the skin,
allowed to dry to a crust, and then “rolled” off.
b. Powder-type peels: Powder is mixed with water and applied to the
face; it does not dry and can even be used with steaming.
c. The benefit of enzyme peels is the following:
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Reduce clogged pores and oily skin.
Promote skin smoothness.
Increase moisture content and hydration.
Reduce hyperpigmentation.
Decrease uneven skin color.
Eliminate or softens wrinkles and fine lines.
Increase elasticity.
D. MOISTURIZERS
Moisturizers help increase moisture content of skin surface. They are mixtures of
humectants (hydrators/ water-binding agents) which are ingredients that attract water
and emollients (hold moisture in) which are oily or fatty ingredients that prevent
moisture from leaving the skin.
1. Dry skin: Moisturizers for dry skin use heavier cream and contain more
emollient.
2. Oily skin: Moisturizers for oily skin use lotions that contain smaller amounts of
emollient.
3. Sunscreens and day protection products: Day protection products and
sunscreens are necessary to help prevent premature aging and skin cancers.
Daily moisturizers should contain broad-spectrum sunscreens. Night treatment
on the other hand are heavier than day products and may contain a higher level
of conditioning ingredients.
a. Serums and ampoules: Serums are concentrated products that
generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to
penetrate the skin and treat various skin conditions; they are applied
under moisturizer or sunscreen. Ampoules are individual doses of serum,
sealed in small vials.
b. Massage creams: Massage creams are lubricants to make the skin
slippery during massage. They often contain oils or petrolatum.
E. MASKS
Masks are a combination of ingredients for the purpose of toning, tightening, hydrating,
and nourishing the skin.
1. Clay-based masks: Clay-based masks are oil-absorbing cleansing masks that
have an exfoliating effect and an astringent effect on oily and combination skin,
making large pores temporarily appear smaller.
2. Cream masks: Cream masks are masks often containing oils and emollients as
well as humectants, and they have a strong moisturizing effect.
3. Gel masks: Used for sensitive or dehydrated skin; contain hydrators and
soothing ingredients.
4. Alginate masks: Often seaweed-based; they can come in powder form to be
mixed with water or serums. These will form a rubberized texture. A treatment
cream, which is a specialty product designed to facilitate change in the skin’s
appearance, or a serum is generally applied under alginate masks. They are
generally used only in the salon.
5. Paraffin wax masks: Paraffin wax masks are specially-prepared facial masks
containing paraffin and other beneficial ingredients. They are melted at a little
higher than body temperature before application. They quickly cool to lukewarm
temperature and harden to a candle-like consistency. They are used with
treatment creams. Eye pads and gauze are used to protect facial and eyebrow
hair.
6. Modelage masks: Modelage masks contain special crystals of gypsum, a
plaster-like ingredient. They are used with treatment cream. The product
hardens on the skin; setting time is about 20 minutes. They are beneficial for dry,
mature skin or skin that looks dull or lifeless. Massage is not recommended
before or after modelage masks.
7. Gauze: Gauze is a thin, open-meshed fabric of loosely woven cotton. It holds
the mask on the face while allowing ingredients to seep through and benefit the
skin. Gauze should be cut in a size to fit the entire face, with cutouts for the
nose, mouth, and eyes.
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VI. LEARN THE BASIC TECHNIQUES OF A FACIAL MASSAGE
Massage is the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading,
tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption,
and relieve pain.
A. BASIC MASSAGE MANIPULATIONS
Massage pressure should always be applied from insertion (where a muscle is attached
to another muscle or a movable bone or joint) and move towards the origin (fixed
attachment).
1. Effleurage: Effleurage is a light, continuous stroking movement applied in a
slow, rhythmic manner with the fingers (digital effleurage) or the palms (palmar
effleurage
2. Pétrissage: Petrissage is a kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing
and pressing the tissue
a. Fulling: Fulling is a form of pétrissage in which the tissue is grasped,
gently lifted, and spread out; this technique is used mainly for massaging
the arms.
3. Friction: Friction is a deep rubbing movement in which you apply pressure on
the skin with your fingers or palm while moving it over an underlying structure
and includes movements such as the following.
a. Chucking: Chucking is grasping the flesh firmly in one hand and moving
the hand up and down along the bone while the other hand keeps the
arm or leg in a steady position.
b. Rolling: Rolling is pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast backand-forth movement.
c. Wringing: Wringing is a vigorous movement in which the hands, placed
a little distance apart on both sides of the client’s arm or leg and working
downward, apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite
direction.
4. Tapotement: Tapotement is a percussion movement that consists of a
tapping, slapping or hacking motion.
a. Slapping: In slapping movements, keeping your wrists flexible allows
your palms to come in contact with the skin in light, firm, and rapid
slapping movements. One hand follows the other. With each slapping
stroke, lift the flesh slightly.
b. Hacking: Hacking is a chopping movement performed with the edges
of the hands. Both the wrists and hands move alternately in fast, light,
firm, and flexible motions against the skin. Hacking and slapping
movements are used only to massage the back, shoulders, and arms.
B. Vibration
Vibration is a rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed
firmly on the point of application CAUTION! Do not massage a client with high blood
pressure, a heart condition, or a stroke victim. If the client has arthritis, be careful to
avoid vigorous massage of the joints. Maintain constant communication with the client
during the massage and adjust your touch according to his/her needs.
C. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MASSAGE
Skillfully applied massage directly or indirectly influences the structures and functions of
the body. The immediate effects of massage are first noticed on the skin. The area being
massaged shows increased circulation, secretion, nutrition, and excretion.
1. Motor points
Every muscle has a motor point, which is a point on the skin that covers the
muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle.
Location of motor points varies among individuals due to differences in body
structure.
2. The benefits of massage are as follows:
a. Skin and all structures are nourished
b. Skin becomes softer and more pliable
c. Circulation of blood is increased
d. Activity of skin glands is stimulated
e. Muscle fibers are stimulated and strengthened
f. Nerves are soothed and rested
g. Nerves are soothed and rested
h. Pain is sometimes relieved.
As a general rule, normal skin or scalp can be kept in excellent condition
with a weekly massage if accompanied by proper home care.
D. Facial Manipulations
Note: Have students follow along with pages 784 through 786 of Milady Standard
Cosmetology.
1. Chin movement: Lift the chin, using a slight pressure.
2. Lower cheeks: Using a circular movement, rotate from chin to ears.
3. Mouth, nose, and cheek movements: Follow the diagram.
4. Linear movement over the forehead: Slide fingers to the temples and then
stroke up to hairline, gradually moving your hands across the forehead to the
right eyebrow.
5. Circular movement over the forehead: Starting at the eyebrow line, work
across the middle of the forehead and then toward the hairline.
6. Crisscross movement: Start at one side of forehead and work back.
7. Stroking (headache) movement: Slide your fingers toward the center of the
forehead and then draw your fingers, with slight pressure, toward the temples
and rotate.
8. Brow and eye movement: Place your middle fingers at the inner corners of the
eyes and your index fingers over the brows. Slide them toward the outer corners
of the eyes, under the eyes, and then back to the inner corners
9. Nose and upper cheek movement: Slide your fingers down the nose. Apply a
rotary movement across the cheeks to the temples and rotate gently. Slide your
fingers under the eyes and then back to the bridge of the nose.
10. Mouth and nose movement: Apply a circular movement from the corners of
the mouth up to the sides of the nose. Slide your fingers over the brows and
then down to the corners of the mouth up to the sides of nose. Follow by sliding
your fingers over the brows and down to the corners of the mouth again.
11. Lip and chin movement: From the center of the upper lip, draw your fingers
around the mouth, going under the lower lip and chin. 12. Optional movement
Hold the head with your left hand, and draw the fingers of your right hand from
under the lower lip and around mouth, moving to the center of the upper lip.
13. Lifting movement of the cheeks: Proceed from the mouth to the ears, and
then from the nose to the top part of the ears
14. Rotary movement of the cheeks: Massage from the chin to the ear lobes,
from the mouth to the middles of the ears, and from the nose to the top of the
ears. 15. Light tapping movement Work from the chin to the earlobe, from the
mouth to the ear, from the nose to the top of the ear, and then across the
forehead. Repeat on the other side.
16. Stroking movement of the neck: Apply light upward strokes over the front of
the neck. Use heavier pressure on the sides of neck in downward strokes.
17. Circular movement over the neck and chest: Starting at the back of the ears,
apply a circular movement down the side of the neck, over the shoulders, and
across the chest.
E. Chest, Back, and Neck Manipulations (Optional)
When performing facial manipulations, use an even tempo, or rhythm, is relaxing. Do
not remove your hands from the client’s face once you have started. CAUTION! Check
with your state regulatory agency before massaging the chest and back. Many state
regulatory agencies limit a cosmetologist’s scope of practice to the face, neck, arms,
legs, and shoulders.
1. Chest and back movement: Use a rotary movement across the upper chest
and shoulders. Then slide your fingers to the base of the neck and rotate three
times.
2. Shoulders and back movement: Rotate the shoulders three times. Glide your
fingers to the spine and then to the base of the neck. Apply circular movement
up to the back of the ear, and then slide your fingers to the front of the earlobe.
Rotate three times.
3. Back massage: To stimulate and relax the client, use your thumbs and bent
index fingers to grasp the tissue at the backof the neck. Rotate six times. Repeat
over the shoulders. Remove cream with tissues or a warm, moist towel. Dust the
back lightly with talcum powder and smooth.
VII. Know the Purpose of the Facial Equipment
Hands-on, supervised training and experience is required before performing facial treatments
utilizing these machines.CAUTION! Information regarding facial equipment in this chapter is
intended as an overview. You should receive hands-on experience from your instructor before
using any facial equipment! Machine models differ; as a result, precautions vary as well.
Consult with your instructor and the specific machine manual for safe operation. In some
states, use of certain equipment may not be permissible for cosmetologists. Again, check with
your instructor to find out what is allowed in your state.
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Facial steamer: A facial steamer heats and produces a stream of warm steam that can
be focused on the client’s face or other areas of skin. The steamer will soften tissues,
making the skin more receptive to moisturizers and treatments
Brushing machine: A brushing machine is a rotating electric appliance with
interchangeable brushes that can be attached to the rotating head. Heads come in
different sizes and textures. Avoid brushing on clients using keratolytic drugs, with
rosacea, sensitive skin, pustular acne, or other skin inflammation.
Skin suction/cold spray: This is used to increase circulation and to jet-spray toners onto
the skin. Do not use on sensitive or inflamed skin. It is often used to hydrate skin or
remove mask treatments.
VIII. How Electrotherapy and Light Therapy Treat the Skin
Galvanic and high frequency are examples of electrotherapy which is the use of electrical
currents to treat the skin. Electrotherapy should never be administered on heart patients,
clients with pacemakers, clients with metal implants, pregnant clients, clients with epilepsy or
seizure disorders, clients who are afraid of electric current, or clients with open or broken skin.
CAUTION! Always check with your state regulatory agency to determine which electrical
machines are approved for use in your state.
A. ELECTRODE
This is an applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the client’s
skin.
1. Galvanic machines: Uses two electrodes.
a. Anode: Positive electrode to perform Cataphoresis
b. Cathode: Negative electrode to perform Anaphoresis
2. Galvanic current: Accomplishes two basic tasks
a. Desincrustation: This is the process of softening and emulsifying
hardened sebum stuck in pores.
b. Iontophoresis: This is the process of using galvanic current to
penetrate water-soluble products that contain ions into the skin.
B. Microcurrent
A type of galvanic treatment using a very low level of electrical current; it has many
applications in skin care and is best known for helping to tone the skin, producing a
lifting effect for aging skin that lacks elasticity.
C. High-Frequency CURRENT
This uses only one electrode. An electrode is an applicator for directing electric current
from the machine to the client’s skin. It was discovered by Nikolas Tesla. It is used to
stimulate blood flow and help penetrate products. It can be used for acne prone skin
because of its germicidal effect. The most common electrode is the mushroom shaped
one.
a. Direct application: The electrode is applied directly to the skin.
b. Indirect application: The client holds the electrode creating an electrical
stimulating massage. This is also called Viennese massage
D. LIGHT THERAPY
Several types of lights are used for skin care treatments.
a. Infrared lamps: Used to heat skin and increase blood flow.
b. LED: Light-emitting diode: This treatment uses concentrated light that flashes
very rapidly. It helps with wound healing. In our field it is used to minimize
redness, warm lower level tissues, stimulate blood flow, improve skin
smoothness, and help acne prone skin. Red lights are used to treat aging and
redness; blue lights are used for acne-prone skin
E. MICRODERMABRASION
Microdermabrasion is a type of mechanical exfoliation. It uses a closed vacuum to shoot
crystals onto the skin, bumping off cell buildup.
IX. Use Facials To Treat Basic and Specialty Skin Types
A facial is one of the most enjoyable and relaxing services. Available in the salon. When clients
receive them on a regular basis, the client’s skin tone, texture, and appearance are noticeably
improved. Facial treatments fall into one of the following categories:
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Preservative: Maintain the health of facial skin
Corrective: Correct some skin conditions such as dryness, oiliness, comedones, aging
lines, and minor conditions of acne
A. GUIDELINES FOR FACIAL TREATMENTS
Follow the guidelines below for a successful treatment and return facial client:
1. Speak quietly and professionally.
2. Explain benefits and answer questions.
3. Provide a quiet atmosphere. Work quietly and efficiently.
4. Maintain a clean environment.
5. Follow systematic procedures.
6. Warm your hands.
7. Keep your nails smooth and short.
8. Analyze the skin. Is the skin dry, normal or oily? Are there fine lines or creases? Are
comedones present? Are capillaries visible? Is the texture smooth or rough? Is skin color
even?
B. Basic Facial Application
1. Special problems: There are a number of special problems that must be considered
when you are performing a facial. These include dry skin, oily skin and blackheads, and
acne.
a. Dry skin: Caused by insufficient flow of sebum from the sebaceous glands.
Facials for dry skin will help correct this condition.
C. SPECIAL NOTES FOR ACNE-PRONE SKIN
Generally the cosmetologist is limited to skin cleansing; reducing oiliness by local
applications; removing comedones; and using special medicated preparations. Work under
the advisement of a physician.
D. FACIAL TREATMENTS FOR MEN
More men are having facial treatments than ever before.
1. Always moving with the pattern of the beard. Usually these are downwards and
outwards movements.
2. Use sponges instead of cotton pads on a man’s face. Cotton will get caught in beard
hair.
3. Avoid using perfumed products on men. Make sure you have fragrance-free products
or neutral-scented products.
E. CONSULTATION AND HOME CARE
Home care is the most important factor in a successful skin care program. Consult
thoroughly regarding home care. Discuss treatment in a well-lit environment with mirror.
Organize products for purchase and use.
X. USE OF AROMATHERAPY IN THE BASIC FACIAL
Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of essential oils such as lemon, verbena, rosemary, and
rose. They can enhance a person’s physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being.