‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
(Overhead projector) ™
K ™
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W1-4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Particles
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2-4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١=
 ٣
=
 ١٠C١٠C١٠=
 ٣١٠٠٠=
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬3-4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ٢

Z
‫א‬
 ٢
‫א‬
= ‫א‬
 
=
‫א‬
EF
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W
‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
= ‫א‬
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬=
 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٢١٧٦‫א‬
1mm Hg = 1 torr
 1 atm = 101.325 k Pa
 W‫א‬‫א‬4-4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
373
100
353
80
333
60
313
40
293
20
273
0
153
-20
     °0 ‫א‬
، °K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
      
    ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
T° K = t. °c + 273
 
 
- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
١‫א‬E ٢٧٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧٦٠F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5-4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Vα 1/P
 PV = CONST.
 P1V1 = P2V2
 T
 KE٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 VαT
V/T = CONST.
 V1/T1 = V2/T2


 P
 W‫א‬
‫א‬° (V°)‫א‬‫א‬١L٢٧٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
°٢٧٣–‫א‬‫א‬،°١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  
- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
PV
 
 
 
 
 
PV
 
 
 
(Fig. 1-4)
P
 
 
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-300
-200
-100
100
200
(Fig. 2-4)
- ٩٥ -
300
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 PαT
P/T = CONST
 P1/T1 = P2T2
 VW
 WE3-4F‫א‬
٥(P°)‫א‬‫א‬٢٧٣L١‫א‬‫א‬
 Kо١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬K٥٢٥‫א‬٨٤٤
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،٢{٢٤‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
P
 
 
 
 
 
100
200
300
400
(Fig. 3-4)
500
600
°
TK
 
 
 
 
- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
WGeneral Gas Law W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Vα 1/PETF
Vα T/P…
P V = KT
 VαTEPF
 ‫א‬K
 WEnF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
Kα n or K = nR
 K‫א‬‫א‬R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 PV = n RT
 
 KEF‫א‬=P W
 KEF‫א‬= V 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= T 
 K‫א‬= n
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= R 
 EKFK
 
 WR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٢{٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P = 1 atm. & V = 22.4 L
T = 273 °K & n = 1 mole
R = PV/nT
- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

R=
1 atm. * 22.4 L
Mole *°K
R = 0.082
atm. L. mole -1. K-1
 
 W(n)‫א‬
 W‫א‬(M)‫א‬(W)‫א‬‫א‬
n = W/MW
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
Z‫א‬
 Dalton’s Law of Partial PressuresW‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 + . . . . . .
 K‫א‬‫א‬= Pt
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬= P1
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬= P2 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬= P3
E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
،E٣F‫א‬ n3،E٢F‫א‬ n2،E١F‫א‬ n1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K T‫א‬ V‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKK
 W
 
- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
P1 = n1 RT/V …………… (1)
P2 = n2 RT/V …………….(2)
P3 = n3 RT/V……………..(3)
 WE٣F،E٢F،E١F‫א‬
Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 + . . . . . .
= RT/V (n1 + n2 + n3 . . . . . )
 Pt = nt RT/V . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
W
  nt = n1 + n2 + n3 + . . . . .Z‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٤FE١F
P1/P2 = n1/n2
P1 = n1/nt Pt
 WE٤FE٢F
 P2/Pt = n2/nt
P2 = n2/nt Pt
 WE٤FE٣F
P3/Pt = n3/nt
P3 =n3/nt Pt
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
n1/nt=E١F‫א‬‫א‬
n2/nt=E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
n3/nt=E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬٥٢٠
 ١٠٥،   ٣٢٠ ‫א‬     ١٥٠ ،    ٢٠٠
 K
- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pt = PH2 + PCO2 + PCH4 + PC2H4
= 200 + 150 + 320 + 105
= 775 mmHg
PH2 = nH2/nt Pt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬
 W?‫א‬‫א‬
 nH2/nt =‫א‬‫א‬\H2
  = PH2/Pt
 = 200/775 = 0.285
 = 25.8%
،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   

،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
Pdry gas = Pt – PH2O
 
 
 W
٥٢٣‫א‬‫א‬٨٠٠٥٢٣‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١{١
- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  Graham‘s Diffusion law‫א‬ K٦
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Cα 1/ d
OR
 K?‫א‬‫א‬
C d = CONST.
 ‫א‬= CW
 K‫א‬ = d
  dαM
 Cα1M
OR
C
 ‫א‬
M = CONST
 K‫א‬MW
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EF
K‫א‬‫א‬
E
F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EF
 
 The Kinetic Theory of Gases‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6-4
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ١٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
−
 2 c PV = 1/3 mn
 K‫א‬= P
 K‫א‬ = V
 K‫א‬= m 
  K‫א‬= n 
−
 K‫א‬ c = ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 Deviation of Real GasesW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(P,T)
- ١٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
N2
02
 
 
H2
 
CO
 
 
 
 
 
PV/nRT
 
 
 
(Fig. 4-4)
P
 
 K‫א‬b،‫א‬N
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
F α n2/V2
F = a n2/V2
K‫א‬‫א‬ P (P+an2/V2) a،‫א‬ = F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(P + an2/V2) (V – nb) = nRT
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬T,V,Pa , b‫א‬
 Ka , b‫א‬
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬E٧٤٠F٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٠FE٢F
  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٣F
 K‫א‬،E٧٠٠F‫א‬E١١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEL٩{٩١F‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
٠{٨٥٥٦٢٥K‫א‬،L١{٩٦CO2E٥F
 K
‫א‬٢‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
 ‫א‬٧٤
 a = 3.6 atm. Lit2/mole2 , b = 0.0427 lit/mole
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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