crease gram of clients who were drop in total BPRS limited but mission. in BPRS total scores froni prointake to discharge for a subset to a specific was crease We was retested. This scores was not consistent symptom with in reported de- symptoms. acknowledge not a controlled that because this study, the results are not sufficient evidence ment success. Pmedischarge was limited to clients who conic will also be needed. The authors Tom Wishart 1. treattesting remained 10:799-812, 2. HedlundjL, atric such as potential clients to enter the program and clients drop out within days other out- #{149}5. Jim Cheesman in 6. 11:48-65. 3. DR: The Brief PsvchiPsychological Reports D, Libernian Symptom nonitoring of schizophrenic Bulletin 12:578-602, Ventura al: Brief expanded of ad- points, Lukoff D, Nuechterlein Psychiatric Rating Scale version (4.0): scales, administration manual. Research M, 1993 Suhotnik in press KL, Nuechterlein KH: Prodromal and symptoms of schizophrenic reJournal of Abnornial Psychology 97:405-412, 8. Inch Health, sigus lapse. KH, et (BPRS) anchor 3:221-244, B, Thorarinson D, et al: The challenges of conducting program evaluation in a psychiatric day treatment program: the rewards are worth the sweat and tears. Canadian Journal of Conimunitv 7. HP Nuechterlein KH: in the rehabilitation patients. Schizophrenia 1986 J, and Psychiatric Mental Lukoff 4. quality Crossley 1962 Vieweg NIS: The Brief PsychiScale (BPRS): a comprehensive Journal of Operational Psychiatry 1980 Re- ME Shaner A, et al: Trainassurance with the Brief Rating Scale: “the drift International Journal of Methods ing and Psychiatric busters.” and comments. in Psychiatric Ventura J, Green Rating review. compami- son groups, who refuse who thank for helpful Overall JE, Gorham atric Rating Scale. for appropriate with References planned with program staff. Future investigations using the BPRS as a program outcome measure include variables tionaljournal ofMethods search 3:227-244, 1993 reliability validity in the pmogramii a significant period of time and whose discharge was should on interrater Acknowkdgments cluster a general Data and concurrent 1988 Overall JE, psychiatric model. LE, Hollister disorders: Archives 16:146-151, of Pichot P: Major a four-dimensional General Psychiatry 1967 Guy w ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology Pub DHE\V (ADM) 76-338. Rockville, Md, National Institute of Mental Health, 1976 9. Interns- Mnemonics for DSM-1V Personality Disorders Harold B. Plnkofsky, The paper presents M.D., several Ph.D. T mne- monics he criteria-based to assist clinicians in recalling DSM-IY diagnostic criteria for per- lined sonality disorders. The mnemonics are acronyms, and each letter is associated with a specific criterion. Each ac- difficulties. memorize ic mental ronym lection reflects a facet of the agnosis related in DSM-JV of the misdiagnosis. Mnemonics various segments for histrionic personality disorder PRAISE ME. The mnemonics fession have ed been resi- dens dents Iv used the conceptual disorders and member vices to teach the criteria. 48:1197-1198, students nature to help and developed Di: Pinkofsky is assistant professor in the department of psychiatry at Louisiana State University Medical Center, P0. Box 33932, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130. 1997 Vol. may Mnemonics and result paper been presents help tended in 9 conjunction number number in brackets of the DSM-IV criterion for the disorder. The numben ofcritemia needed to make the diagnosis acronym. is in parentheses after the #{149} acronyms 1. EA, Morse JH, et al: Mnemonics for eight DSM-IlI-R disorders. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 43:642-644, 1992 2. Reeves learn in our No. 1 the to the in not as a substitute References for DSM-IV The acronyms respective dis- program of DSM-IV refers used and dison- idents nature be for it. In Table These mnemonics have been in teaching students and nesteaching to DSM-IV them remember mnemonics are in- described clinicians . dens and helping the criteria. The with for select- DSM-IV previously to certain orders. helpful conceptual 48 present have been used by of the medical pro- and recollect criteria personality disorders reflect a facet ofthein Ser- 1997) PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES . September have out- practitioner must criteria for specifImproper recol- criteria DSM-IlI-R ( 1,2). This of DSMthem re- (Psychiatric (1-3). to di- disorders can The specific disorders. disorder; for example, the acronym for the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder is SUSPECI and it is approach of mental the disor- Short DD, Workman Mental RB, Bullen JA: Mnemonics disorders. Journal ofNervous Disease 138:556-551, 1995 Wynne clinical 26:23-29, AG, Fitzpatrick endocrinology. 1991 DSM-IV 3. for ten and LA: Mnemonics in Hospital Practice 1197 1 Table Mnemonics for recalling the diagnostic ofDSM-IV criteria personality Cluster A personality disorders Paranoid personality disorder: SUSPECT (four criteria) S [7]Spouse fidelity suspected U [5]Unforgiving (bears grudges) S [1]Suspicious of others P [6]Perceives attacks (and reacts quickly) E [2] “Enemy or friend” (suspects associates and friends) C [3]Confiding in others feared T [4]Threats perceived in benign events Schizoid D I S T A personality [7]Detached disorder: DISTANT (or flattened) affect (four Narcissistic nor enjoys close in few activities (odd) thinking E [8] Envious mental (five criteria) [1] I [6]Interpersonal A [9]Arrogant L [7]Lacks I [5]Reckless disregard for safety of self or others [7]Remorse hacking [2lUnderhanded (deceitful, lies, cons others) {3}Planning insufficient (impulsive) [4}Temper (irritable and aggressive) AM. SUICIDE (fIve reactivity I C [8]Control of anger I [3]Identity disturbance D [9}Dissociative (or paranoid) (four (restraint criteria) before willing S taking [6]Selfviewed personal (as ones’ thoughts in intimate [1] E [3]Expressing in relation- in) signifi- contact) prevents risks unappealing, new activity inept, or disagreement difficult or inferior) personality disorder: RELIANCE Reassurance (required for decisions) R to shamed) (potential) criteria) (five (due to fear of loss I of support or approval) [2}Life responsibilities (needs to have these assumed others) [4ilnitiating projects difficult (due to lack of self-confi- A [6]Alone N [5] Nurturance (feels helpless (goes by C {7]Companionship ly when close E [8]Exaggerated (four disorder: [2] Provocative (or sexually [8}Relationships (considered [1}Attention (uncomfortable nur- (another relationship fears relationship) ends ofbeing left sought to care for urgent- self personality disorder: LA\V F! RMS point ofactivity (due to preoccupation with de- tail) areas) F [2]Abihity to complete tasks (compromised b’ perfecionism) [5}Worthless objects (unable to discard) [3]Fniendships (and leisure activities) excluded (due to a I [4] A that are transient of) PRAISE alone) to ol)tain criteria) [1}Loses L w feelings when lengths criteria)2 of mood) symptoms and discomfort to excessive and support) preoccupation (chronic [7}Lnfluenced CRINGES ofbeing interpersonal ME (five criteria) work) scrupulous, or morality, overconscientious not accounted (on ethics, for by religion or culture) seductive) behavior more intimate than they are) when not the center of attention) R [6] Reluctant to delegate (unless others submit to exact guidelines) easily [5}Style of speech (impressionistic, lacks detail) [3]Emotions (rapidly shifting and shallow) [4]Made up (physical appearance used to draw attention with Inflexible, values, P R A I S E M to fear Embarrassment [7] and stress related personality disorder: Obsessive-compulsive (marked (or self-mutilating) behavior and intense relationships [4}Impulsivity (in two potentially self-damaging Histrionic of self importance) disorders relationships turance S [5}Suicidal U [2}Unstable E [7]Emptiness sense dence) disorder: A {1]Abandonment M [6] Mood instability of exploitation due E L R R U P T are envious [51 New interpersonal relationships (is inhibited around occupational activity (involving criteria) ignored pov- required (grandiose Intimate [3] Dependent develop- to law lacking others [2]Certainty (ofbeing liked required get involved with others) [4] Rejection (or criticism) preoccupies social situations N [6]Obhigations success, (haughty) empathy G [1]Gets cant (three criteria) (of unlimited or believes admiration Conceited ships 0 personality [4] Excess R C [1}Conformity Borderline E relations CORRUPT (five and unique) ideal love) or (of others, C C disorder Cluster B personality disorders Antisocial personality disorder: fantasies beauty Cluster C personality Avoidant personality and pervasive SPE1CIAL he or she is special him or her) E [5]Entitlement and speech L [8]Lacks close friends I [1]Ideas of reference A [9]Anxiety in social situations R Rule out psychotic disorders disorder: er, brilliance, criteria) Schizotypal personality disorder: ME PECULIAR M [2]Magical thinking or odd beliefs E [3] Experiences unusual perceptions P [5]Paranoid ideation E [7] Eccentric behavior or appearance C [6]Constricted (or inappropriate) affect U [4]Unusual personality S [3]Special (believes P [2] Preoccupied with [6}Indifferent to criticism and praise [3]Sexual experiences ofhittle interest [2}Tasks (activities) done solitarily [5]Absence ofclose friends N [1}Neither desires T [4lTakes pleasure disorders’ M [7]Miserly S [8}Stubbornness (toward selfand (and others) rigidity) to self) E [6}Emotions I The number exaggerated in brackets refers (theatrical) to the number ofthe DSM-IV criterion. The nuniber ofcriteria needed to make the diagnosis is in parentheses after the acronym. 2 This mnemonic was the State University 1198 adapted from one developed of New York by Lily Awad, M.D., ofSt. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Boston and provided by Prakash Masand, M.D., of No. 9 at Syracuse. PSYCHIATRIC SERVIQIS . September 1997 Vol. 48