crease
gram
of clients
who were
drop
in total
BPRS
limited
but
mission.
in BPRS total scores
froni prointake
to discharge
for a subset
to a specific
was
crease
We
was
retested.
This
scores
was not
consistent
symptom
with
in reported
de-
symptoms.
acknowledge
not a controlled
that because
this
study, the results
are not sufficient
evidence
ment
success.
Pmedischarge
was limited
to clients
who
conic
will also be needed.
The
authors
Tom
Wishart
1.
treattesting
remained
10:799-812,
2.
HedlundjL,
atric
such as potential
clients
to enter
the program
and
clients
drop
out within
days
other
out-
#{149}5.
Jim
Cheesman
in
6.
11:48-65.
3.
DR: The Brief PsvchiPsychological
Reports
D, Libernian
Symptom
nonitoring
of schizophrenic
Bulletin
12:578-602,
Ventura
al: Brief
expanded
of ad-
points,
Lukoff
D, Nuechterlein
Psychiatric
Rating
Scale
version
(4.0):
scales,
administration
manual.
Research
M,
1993
Suhotnik
in press
KL, Nuechterlein
KH: Prodromal
and symptoms
of schizophrenic
reJournal
of Abnornial
Psychology
97:405-412,
8.
Inch
Health,
sigus
lapse.
KH, et
(BPRS)
anchor
3:221-244,
B, Thorarinson
D, et al:
The challenges
of conducting
program
evaluation
in a psychiatric
day treatment
program:
the rewards
are worth
the sweat
and tears. Canadian
Journal
of Conimunitv
7.
HP Nuechterlein
KH:
in the rehabilitation
patients.
Schizophrenia
1986
J,
and
Psychiatric
Mental
Lukoff
4.
quality
Crossley
1962
Vieweg
NIS: The Brief PsychiScale (BPRS):
a comprehensive
Journal
of Operational
Psychiatry
1980
Re-
ME Shaner
A, et al: Trainassurance
with
the Brief
Rating
Scale:
“the
drift
International
Journal
of Methods
ing and
Psychiatric
busters.”
and
comments.
in Psychiatric
Ventura J, Green
Rating
review.
compami-
son groups,
who refuse
who
thank
for helpful
Overall
JE, Gorham
atric
Rating
Scale.
for
appropriate
with
References
planned
with program
staff.
Future
investigations
using
the
BPRS as a program
outcome
measure
include
variables
tionaljournal
ofMethods
search 3:227-244,
1993
reliability
validity
in the pmogramii a significant
period of
time
and
whose
discharge
was
should
on interrater
Acknowkdgments
cluster
a general
Data
and concurrent
1988
Overall
JE,
psychiatric
model.
LE,
Hollister
disorders:
Archives
16:146-151,
of
Pichot
P: Major
a four-dimensional
General
Psychiatry
1967
Guy w ECDEU
Assessment
Manual
for
Psychopharmacology
Pub DHE\V
(ADM)
76-338.
Rockville,
Md, National
Institute
of
Mental
Health,
1976
9.
Interns-
Mnemonics for DSM-1V
Personality Disorders
Harold
B. Plnkofsky,
The
paper
presents
M.D.,
several
Ph.D.
T
mne-
monics
he criteria-based
to assist clinicians
in recalling
DSM-IY
diagnostic
criteria
for per-
lined
sonality
disorders.
The mnemonics
are
acronyms,
and each letter is associated
with
a specific
criterion.
Each
ac-
difficulties.
memorize
ic mental
ronym
lection
reflects
a facet
of the
agnosis
related
in DSM-JV
of the
misdiagnosis.
Mnemonics
various
segments
for histrionic
personality
disorder
PRAISE
ME. The mnemonics
fession
have
ed
been
resi-
dens
dents
Iv
used
the conceptual
disorders
and
member
vices
to teach
the criteria.
48:1197-1198,
students
nature
to
help
and
developed
Di: Pinkofsky
is assistant
professor
in the
department
of psychiatry
at Louisiana
State University
Medical
Center,
P0. Box
33932,
Shreveport,
Louisiana
71130.
1997
Vol.
may
Mnemonics
and
result
paper
been
presents
help
tended
in
9
conjunction
number
number
in brackets
of the
DSM-IV
criterion
for the disorder.
The numben ofcritemia
needed
to make the diagnosis
acronym.
is
in
parentheses
after
the
#{149}
acronyms
1.
EA, Morse JH, et al:
Mnemonics
for eight
DSM-IlI-R
disorders. Hospital
and Community
Psychiatry
43:642-644,
1992
2.
Reeves
learn
in our
No.
1 the
to the
in
not as a substitute
References
for DSM-IV
The acronyms
respective
dis-
program
of DSM-IV
refers
used
and
dison-
idents
nature
be
for it.
In Table
These
mnemonics
have been
in teaching
students
and nesteaching
to
DSM-IV
them
remember
mnemonics
are in-
described
clinicians
.
dens
and
helping
the criteria.
The
with
for select-
DSM-IV
previously
to
certain
orders.
helpful
conceptual
48
present
have
been
used
by
of the medical
pro-
and
recollect
criteria
personality
disorders
reflect
a facet ofthein
Ser-
1997)
PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES . September
have
out-
practitioner
must
criteria
for specifImproper
recol-
criteria
DSM-IlI-R
( 1,2). This
of DSMthem
re-
(Psychiatric
(1-3).
to di-
disorders
can
The
specific
disorders.
disorder;
for example,
the acronym
for
the diagnostic
criteria
for paranoid
personality
disorder
is SUSPECI
and
it is
approach
of mental
the
disor-
Short DD, Workman
Mental
RB, Bullen
JA: Mnemonics
disorders.
Journal
ofNervous
Disease 138:556-551,
1995
Wynne
clinical
26:23-29,
AG, Fitzpatrick
endocrinology.
1991
DSM-IV
3.
for ten
and
LA: Mnemonics
in
Hospital
Practice
1197
1
Table
Mnemonics
for recalling
the
diagnostic
ofDSM-IV
criteria
personality
Cluster A personality
disorders
Paranoid personality
disorder: SUSPECT
(four criteria)
S [7]Spouse
fidelity suspected
U [5]Unforgiving
(bears grudges)
S [1]Suspicious
of others
P [6]Perceives
attacks (and reacts quickly)
E [2] “Enemy
or friend” (suspects associates
and friends)
C [3]Confiding
in others feared
T [4]Threats
perceived
in benign events
Schizoid
D
I
S
T
A
personality
[7]Detached
disorder:
DISTANT
(or flattened)
affect
(four
Narcissistic
nor enjoys close
in few activities
(odd) thinking
E [8] Envious
mental
(five criteria)
[1]
I
[6]Interpersonal
A
[9]Arrogant
L
[7]Lacks
I
[5]Reckless
disregard
for safety of self or others
[7]Remorse
hacking
[2lUnderhanded
(deceitful,
lies, cons others)
{3}Planning
insufficient
(impulsive)
[4}Temper
(irritable
and aggressive)
AM.
SUICIDE
(fIve
reactivity
I
C [8]Control
of anger
I [3]Identity
disturbance
D [9}Dissociative
(or paranoid)
(four
(restraint
criteria)
before
willing
S
taking
[6]Selfviewed
personal
(as
ones’ thoughts
in intimate
[1]
E
[3]Expressing
in
relation-
in)
signifi-
contact)
prevents
risks
unappealing,
new activity
inept,
or
disagreement
difficult
or
inferior)
personality
disorder:
RELIANCE
Reassurance
(required
for decisions)
R
to
shamed)
(potential)
criteria)
(five
(due
to fear
of loss
I
of support or approval)
[2}Life responsibilities
(needs to have these assumed
others)
[4ilnitiating
projects difficult (due to lack of self-confi-
A
[6]Alone
N
[5] Nurturance
(feels helpless
(goes
by
C
{7]Companionship
ly when
close
E
[8]Exaggerated
(four
disorder:
[2] Provocative
(or sexually
[8}Relationships
(considered
[1}Attention
(uncomfortable
nur-
(another
relationship
fears
relationship)
ends
ofbeing
left
sought
to care
for
urgent-
self
personality
disorder:
LA\V
F! RMS
point
ofactivity
(due
to preoccupation
with
de-
tail)
areas)
F
[2]Abihity to complete
tasks (compromised
b’ perfecionism)
[5}Worthless
objects (unable to discard)
[3]Fniendships
(and leisure activities)
excluded
(due to a
I
[4]
A
that are transient
of)
PRAISE
alone)
to ol)tain
criteria)
[1}Loses
L
w
feelings
when
lengths
criteria)2
of mood)
symptoms
and discomfort
to excessive
and support)
preoccupation
(chronic
[7}Lnfluenced
CRINGES
ofbeing
interpersonal
ME (five criteria)
work)
scrupulous,
or morality,
overconscientious
not accounted
(on ethics,
for by religion
or
culture)
seductive)
behavior
more intimate
than they are)
when not the center of attention)
R
[6]
Reluctant
to delegate
(unless
others
submit
to exact
guidelines)
easily
[5}Style
of speech
(impressionistic,
lacks detail)
[3]Emotions
(rapidly
shifting
and shallow)
[4]Made
up (physical
appearance
used to draw attention
with
Inflexible,
values,
P
R
A
I
S
E
M
to fear
Embarrassment
[7]
and stress related
personality
disorder:
Obsessive-compulsive
(marked
(or self-mutilating)
behavior
and intense relationships
[4}Impulsivity
(in two potentially
self-damaging
Histrionic
of self importance)
disorders
relationships
turance
S [5}Suicidal
U [2}Unstable
E [7]Emptiness
sense
dence)
disorder:
A {1]Abandonment
M [6] Mood instability
of
exploitation
due
E
L
R
R
U
P
T
are envious
[51 New interpersonal
relationships
(is inhibited
around occupational
activity (involving
criteria)
ignored
pov-
required
(grandiose
Intimate
[3]
Dependent
develop-
to law lacking
others
[2]Certainty
(ofbeing
liked required
get involved with others)
[4] Rejection
(or criticism)
preoccupies
social
situations
N
[6]Obhigations
success,
(haughty)
empathy
G [1]Gets
cant
(three
criteria)
(of unlimited
or believes
admiration
Conceited
ships
0
personality
[4] Excess
R
C [1}Conformity
Borderline
E
relations
CORRUPT
(five
and unique)
ideal love)
or
(of others,
C
C
disorder
Cluster B personality
disorders
Antisocial
personality
disorder:
fantasies
beauty
Cluster
C personality
Avoidant
personality
and pervasive
SPE1CIAL
he or she is special
him or her)
E [5]Entitlement
and speech
L [8]Lacks
close friends
I [1]Ideas
of reference
A [9]Anxiety
in social
situations
R
Rule
out psychotic
disorders
disorder:
er, brilliance,
criteria)
Schizotypal
personality
disorder:
ME PECULIAR
M [2]Magical
thinking
or odd beliefs
E [3] Experiences
unusual
perceptions
P [5]Paranoid
ideation
E [7] Eccentric
behavior or appearance
C [6]Constricted
(or inappropriate)
affect
U [4]Unusual
personality
S [3]Special
(believes
P [2] Preoccupied
with
[6}Indifferent
to criticism
and praise
[3]Sexual
experiences
ofhittle
interest
[2}Tasks (activities)
done solitarily
[5]Absence
ofclose
friends
N [1}Neither
desires
T [4lTakes pleasure
disorders’
M
[7]Miserly
S
[8}Stubbornness
(toward
selfand
(and
others)
rigidity)
to
self)
E [6}Emotions
I
The number
exaggerated
in brackets
refers
(theatrical)
to the number
ofthe
DSM-IV
criterion.
The nuniber
ofcriteria
needed
to make
the diagnosis
is in parentheses
after
the
acronym.
2
This mnemonic
was
the State University
1198
adapted
from one developed
of New
York
by Lily Awad,
M.D.,
ofSt.
Elizabeth’s
Hospital
in Boston
and
provided
by Prakash
Masand,
M.D.,
of
No.
9
at Syracuse.
PSYCHIATRIC SERVIQIS . September
1997
Vol.
48