ADVANCED SEPARATION
TECHNIQUES
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
Kongu Engineering College.
Presented by:
SUBASHNANDHAN J
PRAVEEN N
SEPARATION
It can be used to separate two different states of
matter such as solids and liquids.
METHODS OF SEPARATION:
 Mechanical
separations
 Diffusional separations
 Membrane separations
 Ionic separations
MEMBRANE SEPARATION
Selectively separates (fractionates) materials via pores
or minute gaps in the molecular arrangement of a
continuous structure.
Classifications
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Nanofiltration
Ultrafiltration
Microfiltration
Donnan dialysis
NANOFILTRATION
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Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration based method that
uses nanometer sized through-pores that pass through
the membrane.
Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes from 1-10
nanometers, smaller than that used in microfiltration
and ultrafiltration.
APPLICATIONS:
 Removal of tar components in feed purification of gas
condensates.
 Able to extract amino acids and lipids from blood and other
cell culture.
ULTRAFILTRATION

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in
which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semi
permeable membrane.
Applications:
 Dialysis and other blood treatments.
 Removal of some bacteria from milk.
 Process and waste water treatment .
MICROFILTRATION
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Microfiltration (MF) is a pressure-driven separation
process, which is widely used in concentrating, purifying
or separating macromolecules, colloids and suspended
particles from solution.
Microfiltration in particular can be used to remove large
solids and process gluten
Applications:
 Large
pore sizes in microfiltration membranes make them
ideal for clarifying and stabilizing plant extracts.
 Microfiltration membranes are a cost-effective solution
for the separation of valuable whey and casein proteins
from milk.
ECONOMICS OF MEMBRANE SEPARATION
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Substantial capital and operating cost benefits together
with selective separations can be derived by use of low
energy consumption membrane technology or in with
evaporation enabling product recovery and water for
reuse.
Reverse osmosis membrane technology can offer greater
than 75% reduction in operating cost when compared
with 5 multi-effect evaporation with thermal vapour recompression process.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

The molecules separated on the basis of their charge are
eluted using a solution of varying ionic strength. By
passing such a solution through the column, highly
selective separation of molecules according to their
different charges takes place.
APPLICATIONS:
 An important use of ion-exchange chromatography is in
the routine analysis of amino acid mixtures.
 Ion exchange is widely used in the food and beverage
industry, hydrometallurgy, metals finishing, chemical,
petrochemical, pharmaceutical technology.
PERVAPORATION AND PERMEATION

Pervaporation and vapour permeation are membranebased processes for separating binary or multicomponent mixtures of miscellaneous organic fluids. The
separation of the mixtures is effected by means of a
membrane – the pervaporation membrane.
APPLICATIONS:
 Removal of water from organics.
 Removal of organics from water.
 Separation of organic mixtures.
 Concentration of aqueous solutions.
Supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction is a method in which
supercritical fluid as an extraction medium is added to
substances containing target components, and extraction
is performed based on differences in solubility.
APPLICATIONS:
 Supercritical fluids have been applied to mass-transfer
processes, phase-transition processes, reactive systems,
materials-related processes, and nanostructured materials.
 Some applications are already at industrial capacity,
whereas others remain under development