Lecturer: Galiya Ospanova
«He speaks just like we do. There’s no
Russian accent on him (Он говорит
также как мы. У него нет никакого
русского акцента)».

Many authors correctly point out that the
background knowledge of the translator in
our time is based not only on the linguistic,
but also on the cultural component.
The basic components of culture speech of a
translator who speaks one, two or more foreign
languages are
 good pronunciation,
 impeccable command of both normative and
communicative grammar,
 extensive vocabulary,
 as well as good diction,
 the ability not only to translate other people's
thoughts, but also to express their own in full
accordance with literary language norms, i.e. to
master oratory (rhetoric)
Eastern European accent
например,
 русск. Лейпциг
 русск. Карфаген
 русск. геогр. р. Ганг
 Иаков
 Ясон
 Пенелопа
 Эйнштейн
 Магеллан Дуглас (Michael)
 Барбра Стрейзанд
 Мерседес
 Самсунг
Fireman - firefighter
Policeman – police officer
Stewardess – flight attendant
Cleaning lady – sanitation engineer
Bald - hair disadvantaged
Fat или obese - horizontally challenged
Short - vertically challenged

Invalid → handicapped person → disabled person
→ differently abled person (досл. человек с
иными возможностями)


Complex object, complex subject, etc.
«Oh, those Russians, they speak like
textbooks»
If pronunciation skills and grammar skills,
figuratively speaking, form the trunk and
branches of a language tree, then the lexicon is
the leaves that breathe life into this tree.
The vastness of the translator's vocabulary
directly depends on the volume of his
background knowledge, which forms his vision
of the world picture, which is based both on
the linguistic and socio-cultural values of the
country in which he was born, brought up and
educated, and on later acquired knowledge
about the culture, traditions, customs of the
country (or countries) of the foreign language
being studied.
Firstly, it is the possession of a normative
vocabulary, including bookish (high-sounding,
poetic, religious, literary-colloquial, etc.)
vocabulary. A modern translator should know
the most famous classical works of fiction of
both native and foreign languages, and it is
desirable to read the latter in the original.
Secondly, a modern translator is obliged to
study informal reduced colloquial vocabulary,
including low colloquialisms, slangisms, and
sometimes, depending on the nature of the
work, jargonisms (including professional ones).
«What’s up?»
«Ты, чтоль, переводчик? Ну, спроси, чё им
надо».
«The principal of the institution kindly enquires
of the purpose of your visit (Руководитель
учреждения любезно интересуется целью
вашего визита)»
Thirdly, the fact that the translator constantly
has to work with terminology should not be
overlooked. Unlike literary translation, in which
the transfer of connotations and implications
plays an extremely important role, in special
(terminological) texts the emphasis is on the
transfer of denotative meanings of terms..
в медицине – лечение - management
Авиация - кабина пилота – cockpit
geographical names, the names of the most
famous newspapers, magazines, firms,
enterprises, trademarks and brands, the names
of famous personalities from different fields of
science and culture, biblical, mythological,
historical characters, etc.
In addition to the above, special attention should
be paid to proper names: geographical names (a
good knowledge of geography is an indispensable
attribute of the translator's background knowledge
as a multicultural personality), the names of the
most famous newspapers, magazines, firms,
enterprises, trademarks and brands, the names of
famous personalities from different fields of
science and culture, biblical, mythological,
historical characters, etc.
например,
 русск. Лейпциг и англ. Leipzig [‘laɪpsɪg],
 русск. Карфаген и англ. Carthage [‘kɑːθɪʤ],
 русск. геогр. р. Ганг и англ. the Ganges [‘gænʤiːz],
 русск. библ. Иаков и англ. Jacob [‘ʤeɪkəb],
 русск. миф. Ясон и англ. Jason [‘ʤeɪs(ə)n],
 русск. Пенелопа и англ. Penelope [pɪ’neləpiː],
 русск. Эйнштейн и англ. Einstein [‘aɪnstaɪn],
 русск. Магеллан и англ. Magellan [mə’gelən],
 русск. Дуглас (Michael) и англ. Michael Douglas [‘dʌgləs],
 русск. Барбра Стрейзанд и англ. Barbra Streisand [
ˈstraɪsænd],
 русск.Мерседес и англ Mercedes [mə’seɪdɪz],
 русск. Самсунг и англ.Samsung [ˈsæmsʌŋ] и т.д.


The specificity of translation activity in the
modern world is determined by the fact that
the translator performs the most important
social function of mediating not only between
multilingual, but also multicultural
communities. Therefore, in addition to
language training, it is important to train a
specialist "in the field of interlinguocultural
communication“
Eskimos - Inuits

Thus, the formation of a professional
translator as an interlanguage and
intercultural intermediary personality occurs
through the constant replenishment,
development and improvement of linguistic,
rhetorical, linguocultural, general cultural and
ethno-cultural, mental, ethical, social and
other components that are refracted and
actualized through the translation language
in professional translation activities.
Lifelong learning