BQS601
Assalamualaikum & Good Day!
Pn Nor Azmi
Ahmad Bari
Pn Nurul Afida
Isnaini Janipha
Sr Dr Norazian
Mohamad Yusuwan
Pn Mysarah
Maisham
FSPU, UiTM Shah Alam
Learning Outcome
At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

Demonstrate the ability to interpret drawings,
specifications and produce draft bills for surface water
drainage system

Apply principles in measurement for surface water
drainage system
1
WHAT IT IS
OUTLET
CHANNEL
SEA
MAIN CHANNEL
RIVER
BIGGER CHANNEL
2
WHAT ARE THE
COMPONENTS
Quisque velit nisi, pretium ut lacinia in, elementum id enim. Cras ultricies ligula sed magna dictum
porta. Quisque velit nisi, pretium ut lacinia in, elementum id enim.Vivamus magna justo, lacinia
eget consectetur sed.
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS?
Open drain (Channel)
Close drain (Culvert)
Sump
OPEN DRAIN
(CHANNEL)

It’s the channel that carries the
water.

It is laid to a gradient to permit
the water to flow naturally.

Common materials are half-round
semi glazed ware or precast
concrete block drain (u-shaped or
v-shaped).
CLOSE DRAIN
(CULVERT)

Similar function as an open drain,
however it is located under the
ground/road

It can either be in a shape of a pipe
or a box (cross section profile)

Common materials are reinforced
concrete pipe (RCP) and reinforced
concrete box culvert
SUMP

It’s a pit that sits where the drains
interchange (ie. when there is a
change in direction of the drain)

Also act as a collection point for
ease of maintenance

Can be brick sump, reinforced
concrete sump or precast concrete
sump
3
WHAT TO
MEASURE
OPEN DRAIN (CHANNEL)









Excavate trenches
Ditto, next to existing roadway
Rock excavation
Disposal of excavated material
Disposal of surface water
Filling to excavation
Concrete blinding
Concrete beds
Concrete benching or haunching

Channels (PC block drain or Half round
clay drain)


Cascades drain





Drain walls (brick walls or concrete
walls or rubble walls)
Plastering to drain walls
Graded filters & weep holes
Concrete top
Drain covers (M.S grating or PC slab
cover)
Concrete struts (in-situ or PC)
CULVERT






Excavate trenches
Ditto, next to existing roadway
Rock excavation
Disposal of excavated material
Disposal of surface water
Filling to excavation





Hardcore
Concrete blinding
Concrete beds
Pipe culvert or Box culvert
Concrete Surround or Concrete
Haunching
SUMP









Excavate pit
Rock excavation
Disposal of surface water
Disposal of excavated material
Filling to excavation
Hardcore
Concrete blinding
Concrete beds
Sump walls (brick walls or
concrete walls)



Plastering to sump walls

Building in ends of pipe
------------Connection to existing or
mains
Testing


Concrete top
Sump covers (M.S grating or
PC slab cover)
4
HOW TO MEASURE
SMM2: SECTION V
GENERAL INFORMATION
V.1 Information
1.
Work beyond the boundary of the site shall be so described and any restriction
regarding access, etc. shall be stated.
This is when the work has to be extended beyond the boundary of the site, certain requirement need
to be fulfill especially conforming the by-law.
2.
The nature of the ground in which the excavations are to be made shall be given in
accordance with clause D.1
The above work and information is best to be highlighted in Preamble.
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
Excavation:
Approach of measurement particularly for open
channel/drain:
From point to point or
S1
A1
From sump to sump
S1
S2
PLAN LAYOUT
Common Terms: Gradient
A gradient may be defined as fall divided by distance.
GRADIENT = FALL / DISTANCE
If a 48 metre section of drainage pipe has a fall of 0.60 metres, the gradient
distance
would be calculated as follows.
Gradient = 0.60 / 48 - Gradient = 0.0125
gradient
This can be converted into a gradient written as a ratio.
Gradient = 1 / 0.0125 = 80.
Gradient = 1 in 80
Fall
Common Terms: Falls
The fall in a pipe may be defined as the vertical amount by which the pipe
drops over a distance. The distance can be between sections of pipe or
between manholes. The diagram below shows pipe fall and distance.
Common Terms: Invert Level
Invert Levels
The invert level of a pipe or drain is the level taken from the bottom of the inside
of the pipe as shown below.
The level at the crown of the pipe = the invert level + internal diameter of the
pipe + pipe wall thickness. It may be necessary to use this in calculations when
level measurements are taken from the crown of a pipe.
Typical section of an open channel/drain
GL
IL
EXCAVATION
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
V.2 Excavation
4. Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains stating the starting level (measured the width of the
foundations of the surface water drains therein) shall be classified as follows:
a. Trenches not exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in metres stating the average depth to the nearest
0.25m.
b. Trenches exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in cubic metres in accordance with Section D.
8.
Trenches in rock as defined in clause D.12.2 shall be described. Alternatively rock may be given in metres as
extra over the trench in which it occurs.
D.12 Types of excavation
2. Excavation in rock shall be so described. Rock is defined as any material met with in excavation which is of such
size or position that it can be removed only by means of wedges, levers, special plant (power operated hammers,
drills and chisels, special attachment to mechanical plant such as rock buckets, rippers, hammers, chisels)
explosives or chemicals. Alternatively rock may be given as extra over each of the various types of excavation.
Section V.2.4 (a) - the width of the foundation of the surface water drains
is not exceeding 0.30m (300mm)
GL
total depth
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.5
Av. 0.54
0.58
≤ 0.3m
Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains starting from ground level,
average depth 0.50m, including earthwork support, treating bottom, filling in,
compaction and disposal of surplus spoil.
Section V.2.4 (b) - the width of the foundation of the surface water drains
is exceeding 0.30m (300mm)
Shall be given in cubic metres in accordance with
Section D
Length centre to centre of sump
(given in the layout plan)
S1
Actual length
IL= invert level
ID= invert depth/inlet
TD= total depth
Length = calculate the actual length
Width = determine from the detail drawing
Depth = Total average depth from both inlet
and outlet
S2
GL
Average
Depth?
IL=
OD= outlet depth/outlet
TD=
Calculation of Length
Length c/c of sump
Actual length
600
600
Length
10.00
Less
2/½ sump
2/Extended base (say;100mm if any)
0.60
0.20
9.20
EXCAVATION (cont’d)
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
Disposal of Surface Water
V.3 Disposal of water
D.15 Surface water
An item shall be given for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free
of surface water.
Filling to Excavation
D.25 Filling to excavations
Filling to excavations other than to service trenches (D. 12.9) shall be given
in cubic metres.
EXCAVATION (cont'd)
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
Disposal of Excavated Material
D.18 Disposal on site
Excavated materials to be deposited on site in permanent spoil heaps
or spread on site shall each be given in cubic metres stating any
requirements for the location of such deposits or the average distance
from the excavation in metres or kilometres.
D.19 Disposal off site
Excavated materials to be removed from the site shall be given in
cubic metres and so described and the provision of a shoot, dump or
tip including payment for royalties, fees, levies and other charges shall
be deemed to be included with the items unless otherwise stated.
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
CONCRETE BLINDING / BED / BENCHINGS
V.4 Beds, benching and coverings
1. Beds, benchings and coverings shall each be given separately in metres stating:
a.
b.
c.
Nominal size of the pipe to be laid.
Widths and thickness of the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like.
Materials from which the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like are to be
constructed. Any formwork required shall be deemed to be included.
1450mm Wide x 150mm thick vibrated reinforced concrete bed of concrete mix (1:2:4)
complete with one layer BRC A8 (A252) or approved equivalent, to receive concrete benching
and 450mm precast concrete block drain (measured separately)
600mm Wide (overall) x 550mm thick mass concrete benching of concrete mix (1:3:6)
laid on concrete bed to receive 450mm precast concrete block drain (measured
separately)
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
DRAIN
V.5 Pipework and surface water channels
6. Surface water channels (measured overall fittings and cascades)shall be
given in metres stating the kind and quality of drain, the size and method of
jointing. Angles, end, outlets, intersections, jointing to sumps or other
drains and formwork to concrete shall be deemed to be incuded with the
item.
e.g: 450mm x 450mm x 100mm Thick precast concrete block drain (measured flat on plan),
complete with BMC type A10 (A393), finished fair on exposed surfaces, bedded, jointed and
pointed in cement mortar (1:3) laid to falls on concrete benching
Cascades drain
V.5.7. Cascades shall be describes fully and enumerated as extra over he drain in which they occur
stating the number of steps in cascades and the total drop.
e.g: Extra over 450 mm pc block drain for cascades drain with total 10 steps and drops.
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
SIDE WALL – refer appropriate section
BRICKWORK
G.3 Generally
1. Particulars of the following shall be given:
a. Kind, quality and size of bricks. Purpose-made bricks shall be so
described.
b. Type of bond.
c. Composition and mix of mortar.
3. Brickwork in each of the following classes shall be given separately in
square metres stating the thickness:
a. Walls.
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
SIDE WALL – refer appropriate section
NATURAL STONE RUBBLE WORK
J.36 Generally
2.
Particulars of the following shall be given:
e
Composition and mix of mortar for bedding, jointing and
pointing
J.37 Walls, piers and chimney-stacks
1.
Rubble work in each of the following classes shall be given separately in square
metres stating the thickness:
d.
Battering walls defined as walls of uniform thickness built
battering.
End of open drain/channel
CULVERT
EXCAVATION
CULVERT
V.2 Excavation
4. Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains stating the starting level (measured the width of
the foundations of the surface water drains therein) shall be classified as follows:
a. Trenches not exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in metres stating the average depth to the
nearest 0.25m.
b. Trenches exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in cubic metres in accordance with Section D.
8.
Trenches in rock as defined in clause D.12.2 shall be described. Alternatively rock may be given in
metres as extra over the trench in which it occurs.
D.12 Types of excavation
2. Excavation in rock shall be so described. Rock is defined as any material met with in excavation which is
of such size or position that it can be removed only by means of wedges, levers, special plant (power
operated hammers, drills and chisels, special attachment to mechanical plant such as rock buckets,
rippers, hammers, chisels) explosives or chemicals. Alternatively rock may be given as extra over each of
the various types of excavation.
CULVERT
EXCAVATION (cont’d)
V.3 Disposal of water
Disposal of water shall be given in accordance with clauses D.15 -16.
D.15 Surface water
An item shall be given for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of surface water.
D.18 Disposal on site
Excavated materials to be deposited on site in permanent spoil heaps or spread on site shall each be given in
cubic metres stating any requirements for the location of such deposits or the average distance from the
excavation in metres or kilometres.
D.19 Disposal off site
Excavated materials to be removed from the site shall be given in cubic metres and so described and the
provision of a shoot, dump or tip including payment for royalties, fees, levies and other charges shall be deemed
to be included with the items unless otherwise stated.
CULVERT
EXCAVATION (cont’d)
D.25 Filling to excavations
Filling to excavations other than to service trenches (D. 12.9) shall be given in cubic metres.
D.26 Filling to make up levels
Filling to make up levels over 250mm thick shall be given in cubic metres. Such filling not exceeding
250mm thick shall be given in square metres stating the average thickness.
CONCRETE BLINDING / CONCRETE
SURROUNDS
V.4 Beds, benching and coverings
1. Beds, benchings and coverings shall each be given separately
in metres stating:
a.
Nominal size of the pipe to be laid.
b.
Widths and thickness of the beds, benchings,
haunching, surrounds and the
like.
c.
Materials from which the beds, benchings, haunching,
surrounds and the like are to be constructed. Any
formwork required shall be deemed to be included.
CULVERT
CULVERT
PIPES
V.5 Pipe work and surface water channels
1.
Pipes (measured over all pipe fittings) shall each be given in metres stating the kind and quality of
pipe, the nominal size and the method of jointing. Any pipes not laid in bottom of the trench (e.g.
found in a multipurpose trench) shall be given separately and the depth stated in accordance with
the depth-range stages as clause V.2.1.
750mm x 750mm x 75mm Thick precast reinforced concrete box culvert finished fair
on internal surfaces complete with 50mm Diameter weephole at both sides of culvert
wall, including approved grouting and jointing with cement and sand mortar (1:3) laid
to falls on crusher run bedding (measured flat on plan)
SUMP
SUMP. MANHOLES AND THE
LIKE
SUMP
V.6 Generally
1. Sumps, manholes, soak ways and the like shall each be grouped together
and given in detail under an appropriate heading stating the number.
3. Excavation, concrete work, brickwork and other work shall be
given in accordance with the appropriate sections
4. Building in ends of pipes shall be enumerated stating the nominal size of the
pipe. Cutting pipe shall be deemed to be included.
5. Channels, concrete benchings, step-irons, covers and intercepting traps shall
each be enumerated separately stating the type~ the quality, the size and
the method of bedding or fixing.
Connections to mains



V.7 Generally
1. Connecting ends of drains to mains, making good public
highways and other work which may only be carried out by a
Public Undertaking or Local Authority shall be given as a
provisional sum.
2. Connections to existing work shall each be enumerated
stating the size of pipe or drain and the type of structure.
Cutting openings, making good, jointing, etc. shall be deemed
to be included with the term.
5
SAMPLE BILL
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL
450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain
A
Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains commencing
from formation level, maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m.
m3
B
Extra over for excavation trenches in rock
m3
C
Extra over for excavation pockets for graded filter
No
D
Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of
surface water
Item
E
Disposal of excavated material on site 20m away from excavation
m3
F
Filling to excavation at both sides of drain wall with imported
compacted granular material
m3
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain (Cont’d)
A
1450mm Wide x 50mm thick lean concrete Grade 15 as described
blinding bed, spread and levelled to receive concrete bed (measured
separately)
m3
B
1450mm Wide x 150mm thick vibrated reinforced concrete bed of
concrete mix (1:2:4) complete with one layer BRC A8 (A252) or
approved equivalent, to receive concrete benching and 450mm
precast concrete block drain (measured separately)
m
C
600mm Wide (overall) x 550mm thick mass concrete benching of
concrete mix (1:3:6) laid on concrete bed to receive 450mm precast
concrete block drain (measured separately)
m
D
450mm x 450mm x 100mm Thick precast concrete block drain
(measured flat on plan), complete with BMC type A10 (A393),
finished fair on exposed surfaces, bedded, jointed and pointed in
cement mortar (1:3) laid to falls on concrete benching
m
E
225mm Thick brick wall in common bricks laid in stretcher bond
jointed and pointed in cement and sand mortar (1:3) including brick
reinforcement (if any)
m2
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain (Cont’d)
A
25mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with an approved
plasticiser rendered as plaster using steel trowel on all exposed
surfaces of drain wall
m2
B
25mm Diameter crusher run surround wrapped up in filter membrane
'Terram 1000' or approved equivalent as graded filter
No
C
75mm Diameter x 300mm long PVC weep hole build to slope into
brick wall at 3000mm centres
No
D
800mm x 125mm x 125mm Thick precast concrete struts laid
between drain walls at 3000mm centres
No
750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert
E
Excavating trenches to receive box culvert commencing from
formation level, maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m
m3
F
Extra over for excavation trenches in rock
m3
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert (Cont’d)
A
Extra over for excavation pockets for graded filter
No
B
Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of
surface water
Item
C
Disposal of excavated material on site, 30m away from the excavation.
m3
D
750mm Wide x 200mm thick compacted crusher run as described
bedding, spread and levelled to receive box culvert (measured separately)
m
E
300mm Wide SF32 Geotextile membrane laid on external surfaces of
sides and bottom of box culvert at jointing
m2
F
750mm x 750mm x 75mm Thick precast reinforced concrete box culvert
finished fair on internal surfaces complete with 50mm Diameter weephole
at both sides of culvert wall, including approved grouting and jointing with
cement and sand mortar (1:3) laid to falls on crusher run bedding
(measured flat on plan
m
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert (Cont’d)
A
Approved graded filter of aggregate size 50mm - 100mm wrapped up in
geofabric filter or approved equivalent
No
B
750mm x 135mm Thick precast concrete slab cover laid on top of box
culvert
m
Brick Sumps.
The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified:
C
Excavate pit to receive brick sumps commencing from reduced level,
maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m
m3
D
Extra over for excavation pit in rock
m3
E
Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of
surface water
Item
F
Disposal of excavated material on site 30m away from the excavation
m3
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
Brick Sumps.(Cont’d)
The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified: (cont’d)
A
Filling to excavation around sump walls with material arising from
excavation
m3
B
Lean concrete Grade 15 thickness not exceeding 100mm, as described
blinding bed, spread and levelled to receive sump bed
m3
C
Vibrated reinforced concrete foundation of concrete mix (1:3:6) thickness
exceeding 150mm but not exceeding 300mm as sump bed
m3
D
One layer of BRC A8 fabric reinforcement or approved equivalent well
lapped at joints and laid in sump be
m2
E
Formwork to edges of sump bed, not exceeding 250mm high
m
F
225mm thick brick wall in common bricks laid in stretcher bond jointed and
pointed in cement and sand mortar (1:3) including brick reinforcement
m2
G
Insitu concrete mix (1:2:4) thickness 100mm-150mm, as concrete top laid
on brick wall
m3
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
Brick Sumps.(Cont’d)
The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified: (cont’d)
A
One layer of BRC A6 fabric reinforcement or approved equivalent well
lapped at joints and laid in concrete top
m2
B
Formwork to sides of concrete top, not exceeding 250mm high
m
C
25mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with an approved plasticiser
rendered as plaster using steel trowel on all exposed surfaces of sump
wall
m2
D
20mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with approved plasticiser
rendered to all exposed surfaces of sump bed
m2
E
Supply and install 900mm x 900mm mild steel grating comprising of 6mm
x 50mm mild steel flat welded with 6mm fillet to 12mm x 50mm mild steel
flat and 75mm x 50mm x 6mm angle at 40mm centres on all frame
vertically and horizontally including painting
No
(End of 2 nos. of brick sump)
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
UNIT
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)
A
Allow for connections to existing 450mm precast concrete surface water
No
drains with brick wall sides, including all necessary works
B
On completion allow testing to all surface water drainage for water
tightness, make good any defects and leave everything in perfect working
order to the entire satisfaction of the S.O
Item
QUANTITY
RATE
AMOUNT (RM)