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PATTS College of Aeronautics
CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the Study
An aircraft catapult is a device used to launch an aircraft from ships,
most commonly used on aircraft carriers, as a form of an assisted take off.
Different means have been used to propel the catapult, such as weight and
derrick, gunpowder, flywheel, air pressure, hydraulic, and steam powder.
Aircraft catapult are mostly used in Aircraft Carriers in the Navy. However, the
Philippines does not have any aircraft catapult while other nations such as the
US and China. An aircraft catapult was first used in the year 1903 by Samuel
Pierport Langley in aircraft carriers. An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves
as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for
carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. There is no single
definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the
type.
The Advantages of using an aircraft catapult is that it accelerates the
aircraft more smoothly, putting less stress on their air frames. In addition, the
contracting side of this study is to answer the question of “How to launch
commercial planes with an aircraft catapult?” or “Is an aircraft catapult really
necessary in public airports?” Since commercial planes are built differently
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
from jet planes, it is only understandable that there will be complications like;
can the commercial plane handle the acceleration the airport catapult
launch will provide? The passengers might also feel a slight discomfort
because of the initial boost of speed the plane will be receiving.
Statement of the Problem
This research generally aims to develop a catapult launcher that will be
used in airports and to validate the design by students enrolled in PATTS
College of Aeronautics.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1.
Does the development of an aircraft catapult really necessary in public
airports?”
2. What are the validations of Aircraft Catapult Launcher in terms of:
A. Sketch
B. Design Plan
C. Prototype
3. Does the aircraft catapult design effective for implementation in an
airport?
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Hypothesis
1. The catapult launcher will help launch the airplane at a faster speed and
will decrease the use of fuel. Using the catapult will help conserve fuel during
take-off.
2. The catapult launch is effective and beneficial for airplanes during take-off.
Applying this will help the pilots to take off easily.
3. With this catapult it will shorten the runway. Thus it won’t consume much
space and will make the airport spacious.
4. The catapult will be an effective and alternative way for taking off. Using
this as a way of take-off will help the pilots and help bigger airplanes to take
off easily; also it will lessen the use of fuel.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Theoretical Framework of the Study
Pneumatic Theory
Pneumatic comes from the greek word “Pneumo” and “matik”, Pneumo
meaning “breath, air”, and matik meaning “willing to”. The pneumattic
system is quite the same with the hydraulic system but instead of using liquid, it
uses gas. Pneumatic system is classified as a fluid power system. In Pneumatic
system there are different forms of gas that are used and most of them are
compressed in order for the pneumatic system to work. The pneumatic system
uses compressed gas to help the aircraft gain initial speed as it takes-off.
Pneumatics used condensed gas to act as a fluid power system. Fluid power
is
a term describing hydraulics and
pneumatics
technologies. Both
technologies use a fluid to transmit power from one location to another. With
hydraulics, the fluid is a liquid, whereas pneumatics uses a gas .Fluid power
system act as an alternative power source to fossil fuel. Pneumatics is applied
in the research because the invention relies on the gas power as it literally
boosts the aircraft’s preliminary acceleration during as it leaves the runaway.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Conceptual Framework of the Study
Pressurised Air
Power
Airport Catapult
Launch
Maximize the space in
airports
Decreases fuel
consumption in Aircrafts
Increase time interval between
flights.
There are different aircrafts, each kind with their own take-off speed and
etc. However, typical takeoff air speeds for jetliners are in the 130–155 knot
range (150–180 mph, 240–285 km/h). When velocity is changing, the word
acceleration is used. You speed up if the acceleration and velocity point in
the same direction. When you accelerate or decelerate, you change your
velocity by a specific amount over a specific amount of time. The airport
catapult launch will increase the initial speed of the aircraft with the use of
pneumatic theory, which considers gas as a fluid power. The gas pushes an
object that will push the aircraft wheels. This push will give a decreasing
acceleration to the aircraft that will make the typical takeoff speed be faster
to attain.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Research Paradigm
Input
•
•
Respondents
(Patts SHS
Stem
students)
Professionals
(Experts,
Engineers,
College
Students)
Process
•
•
•
•
•
Output
Sustainability
Quality
Surveys
Coordination
Planning
•
•
Efficiency
Model
/Product
Scope and Limitations
This study is limited to the development and validation of the Aircraft
Catapult Launcher application in public airlines.
There will be two groups of evaluators the users particularly the grade 12
stem students of PATTS College of Aeronautics, and the experts which are the
5th yr. Aeronautical Engineering students studying at PATTS College of
Aeronautics
The development of the design, on a smaller scale will range from a
minimum of approximately 10k to a maximum of 100k depending on the
materials that will be used.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Significance of the Study
Steam catapult launch system investigated to reduce the power
required from the engines during initial acceleration. The Airline companies,
Pilots, Airline Fuel suppliers, and the
researchers will benefit from this study.
-Fuel consumption- Steam catapult launch systems can significantly reduce
fuel consumption and exhaust emissions at ground level. The reduced engine
cross section and nacelle wet area yield a lower drag coefficient which has
positive impact on the fuel consumption across all the stages of the flight.
-Passengers-The launch capability of an electromagnetic catapult can be
exploited during take-off to propel civil passenger transport aircraft which are
heavier than jet aircraft, but accelerate at lower rate. The related
acceleration level is selected to guarantee the passengers comfort and
safety during take-off.
-Airline Companies-With less time and distance required for takeoff, the
runways could be shortened by up to 1/3rd, minimizing land use, and
enabling airport capacity to increase or new micro-airports to emerge.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Definition of Terms
1. Runway- a leveled strip of smooth ground along which aircraft takes off
and lands on.
2. Jet fuel- a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircrafts powered by
gas turbine engines.
3. Slingshot- forcefully accelerate or cause to accelerate through the use of
gravity
4. Airplane- a forcefully flying vehicle with wings that transports humans,
animals, goods, and etc.
5. Catapult- is a ballistic device that launches the plane at a great distance.
6. Take-off- the action of becoming airborne.
7.
Short runways- by using the catapult launching, airports will build shorter
runways.
8.
Mechanism- used to pull back the plane in order to get it into the
slingshot position.
9.
Wires- used of pulling the plane.
10.
Aircraft carrier- used to carry fighter planes and jets.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
11.
Fighter jets- get sling-shotted as a form of an assisted take off.
12.
Aircraft Catapult- is a device used to launch aircrafts from ship, most
commonly used on aircraft carriers, as a form of an assisted take off.
13.
Passenger planes- airline is an airline dedicated to the transport
of passengers.
14.
Launching engines- used to launch the aircrafts from the runway or
carriers.
15.
16.
Lift-off- a vertical takeoff by an aircraft or a rocket vehicle or missile.
Fuel-material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or
power.
17.
Facilities-a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a
particular purpose.
18. Launch-start or set in motion
19. Pneumatic-containing or operated by air or gas under pressure.
20. Fluid Power-is the use of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and
transmit power.
21. Invention-the action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
22. Gas Power- is a technology that converts electrical power to a gas fuel.
23. Compressed Air- air that has been compressed to a pressure higher than
atmospheric pressure.
24. Flights- the action or process of flying through the air.
25. Air Transport- is an aircraft design for transporting passengers and freight
from one location to another in the air using airplanes, jets, rockets
helicopters, and drones.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
“The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is being
developed, utilizing electrical and electronic technologies, to replace the
existing steam catapult on naval carriers. The EMALS offers significant
benefits to the aircraft, ship, personnel, and operational capabilities. These
benefits combine to provide enhanced warfighting capabilities at a
reduced cost.
The electromagnetic catapult may allow the installation of smaller
engines with lower rated thrust. The consequent fuel consumption and
operational cost reduction is estimated. The potential of reducing the
aircraft operational costs and the runway length required maNe EML system
an attractive solution to the air traffic growth in busy airports.”
According to Doyle, M., Sulich, G., & Lebron, L. (2000).The Steam
catapult offers significant benefits to the aircraft, ship, personnel and
operational capabilities. These benefits combine to enhance warfighting
capabilities at a reduce cost.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
“Powered by compressed air the vehicle produces 0% CO2 emissions.
Clean air is expelled by the exhaust pipe has a temperature between 0-15
degrees below zero. This can be used for the vehicle’s air conditioning, with
no loss of power and mileage. If we can use air as fuel, why think about using
anything else? Air is all around us. Air never runs out. Air is non-polluting. Best
of all, air is free. “
The article shown presents that air is clean and by using this as an
energy source it will not hurt the environment because of it itself is pure. An air
powered technology would prove beneficial to our environment because it
does not carry any harmful entities that could corroborate hazardous
elements.
“All pneumatic machines, e.g. those invented by Ctesibius of
Alexandria or those designed for entertainment purposes, such as singing
birds and hydraulic organs, were a potential source of fundamental questions
regarding the constitution of matter. The pragmatically oriented Hellenistic
thinkers were confronted with these questions and the resulting debates left
behind traces in subsequent centuries that can be followed today. Thus far,
studies of pneumatics have been limited either to theoretical aspects of the
science, e.g. as presented in the works of Heron of Alexandria, or to analyses
of its social function, i.e. as a symbol of power in ancient cultures. In the frame
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
of this project, the circulation of pneumatic technologies in antiquity has
been mapped. In particular, it has been shown that the Greek cultural area
of the 3rd century BC as well as the Iberian territory belonging to the Roman
empire of the 2nd century AD has been the two moments of maximal
innovation in technology and theoretical expansion in science.”
According to Matteo Valleriani pneumatic machinery has been part of
our society for a long time. It became a symbol of power during the medieval
period and was used in many fields, some innovative and some for
entertainment. The airport catapult launch base its energy supply from steam
and other gases making it a pneumatic invention.
“Compressed air is produced with a very low efficiency and for its
working parameters per unit volume has less energy than a liquid. When it is
transported over considerable distances, heavy losses in the distribution
network are unavoidable.”
As the statement says, which came from “Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy
Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh”, says that compressed air also has
disadvanteges. Since the fluid system is in a gaseous state, it easily escapes
therefore the power quickly lessens making the pressure drop.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
The catapult launch uses air to push the tire of the airplane, this action
requires a great deal of compressed air in order to work.
Steam Catapult “Planes that require flying speed are launched from
an aircraft carrier by a catapult using high pressure steam. Theoretically, a
steam catapult is not complex. Fresh water is needed to generate the
steam. As the catapult moves the pressure drops. The initial "kick" is very high
and then the acceleration drops off. The plane and pilot may be subjected
to as much as 5G's at the start to get enough speed to get airborne.”
According to Pike, J. (n.d.). Using of catapult by applying high
pressure steam in from an aircraft carrier is required to planes to launch at
flying speed. Fresh water is needed to generate the steam. As the catapult
moves the pressure drops. The initial "kick" is very high and then the
acceleration drops off. The plane and pilot may be subjected to as much as
5G's at the start to get enough speed to get airborne.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
“The calculation of the motor performance is described using
analytical formulation and numerical method. The main advantage of this
system is the removal of permanent-magnet secondary and replacing it with
a reluctance-type secondary. The first purpose of this paper is designing a
reluctance-synchronous linear motor with the maximum-output thrust force
and optimum power factor.”
According to Mirzaei, M., Abdollahi, S. E., & Vahedi, A. (2008).The
design and calculation of the motor performance is described as by the use
of analytical and numerical method. One of the main advantage of this
system
is
to
remove
the
permanent
magnet
secondary
and
the
replacement with reluctant type secondary. It’s purpose is to design a
reluctant-synchronous linear motor with the maximum output thrust force
and optimum power factor.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the discussion on the methods and procedures
that were used in the making of this study. This chapter describes the
population and sampling techniques, the data gathering procedure that is to
be used, and the statistical treatment that will be conducted in treating the
data that has been gathered.
Research Design
The study will make use of the descriptive method of research employing
the quantitative approach. The study quantitatively will describe the
effectiveness in shortening the runaways, conserving fuel consumption and
decreasing the time interval of flights by applying the Airport Catapult
Launch. This was done by conducting surveys using guide questions that were
based on the sketch, design and the prototype.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Population and Sampling
There will be twenty-five (25) students per section in the Grade 12 level,
and twenty-five (25) college students that are currently in their 4th and 5th year
of studying.
Research Locale
PATTS College of Aeronautics is reputedly the country’s number one
Aeronautics College today.
Founded as a joint enterprise of Filipino and American pioneers in
Aviation, the Philippine Air Transport and Training Service started operations in
1969. It’s primary aim was to establish a manufacturing and assembly plan for
trainer aircrafts, which at the time of its founding was a new and pioneering
objective as envisioned by its five founded directors. Its secondary aim was to
put up an aeronautical school to make the domestic and international
demands in the fields of Aviation and Air Transportation Industries.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
At the time of its founding, unfavorable investment climate prevailed.
The founders dropped the first aim and proceeded to the second aim, which
was organizing and opening an aircraft engineering and maintenance
college to provide the best professional and technical training to the youth.
Thus, PATTS was conformably born. The incorporating directors with
experiences in aviation and Air Transportation pooled their corporative efforts
and started offering courses such as the one year Airframe Mechanic, one
year Power plant Mechanic, and two year Airframe and Power plant
Mechanic. On its second year, the school offered the Aeronautical
Engineering degree course and the two year Avionics Course.
Under the excellent stewardship of the board of directors, the school
continues to serve as a model to the industry. Due to its higher level of credits
and standard, it attain College status in 1898, gearing its effort toward total
economic and upliftment and rapid technological development to the
country, along the government’s long-range objective of stimulating national
growth and self-reliance, this was pioneering Aviation School metamorphosed
from a small school to a big and reputable educational institution now known
as the PATTS College of Aeronautics.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
From its humble beginning, the college in now proud of its modern
buildings located in a spacious campus with an ambiance of an ideal
educational institution complete with facilities conductive to effective
teaching and learning processes.
PATTS College of Aeronautics is now in its new home at Lombos Ave., San
Isidro, Paranaque City since April 2005.
Research Instruments and Techniques
The researchers used questionnaire that contained 30 questions and has
3 parts. The researchers also made use of a gadget (laptop) to explain and
show the respondents the prototype’s design and sketch. The questionnaires
were queries about three things; sketch, design, and the prototype. The
answers of the respondents served as the basis of the gathered data in the
researchers’ research. The researchers also created a letter of permission to
survey the students studying in PATTS and gave a copy of the questionnaire.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Data Gathering Procedure
The first source of data that the researchers based their research
on was browsing the internet and the answers of the respondents in the
questionnaire that was conducted in PATTS College of Aeronautics in Grade
12 who took the strand, STEM. The gathered data were used in determining
the efficiency of the Airport Catapult Launch. The surveys were conducted in
the student’s classroom. The researcher’s also asked the officials, specifically
the Vice Principal of Academic Affairs and the Senior High School Principal in
PATTS College of Aeronautics for them to be allowed to conduct their survey
on the school ground.
Data Analysis Procedure
Statistical tests will be used to analyze the quantitative data coming from
the answers of the respondents from the questionnaire to identify if the Airport
Catapult
Launch
is
proficient
to
shortening
runaways,
consumptions and decreasing the time interval of flight.
saving
fuel
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
CHAPTER 4: DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSIS
Prototype
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sum
12
6
18
16
10
14
14
46
12
28
176
6.40%
30
32
42
28
36
48
50
62
36
42
406
14.76%
122
142
126
138
130
126
122
108
152
128
1294
47.05%
111
95
89
93
99
87
89
59
75
77
874
31.78%
Percentage
General Weighted Mean
Total
Weighted Mean
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
2750
100.00%
3.06(Agree)
3.207272727
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.9
30.59636364
Prototype
1
6.40%
4
31.78%
2
14.76%
1
2
3
3
47.05%
4
Figure 1
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
According to Figure 1 the prototype is the researchers’ first output.
Base on the chart and the table, it can be deduced that about 78.83 % are
pro to the idea of the Airport Catapult Launch based on the researcher’s
prototype. However, the remaining 21.17% appears to be anti to the
implication of the researcher’s research. The questions that were asked were
so aligned to whether the respondents agree or disagree to the impression
that the prototype proved to be efficient in maximizing the space of the
airport, decreasing the fuel consumption during take-off, and decreasing the
time interval between flights.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Sketch
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sum
9
7
7
13
12
5
9
7
11
9
89
3.24%
27
21
15
21
34
27
41
29
9
21
245
8.91%
150
142
160
142
138
152
140
140
160
170
1494
54.33%
89
105
93
99
91
91
85
99
95
75
922
33.53%
Percentage
General Weighted
Mean
Total
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
2750
100.00%
3.18(Agree)
Weighted Mean
3.16
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
31.81454545
Sketch
1
3.24%
2
8.91%
4
33.53%
1
2
3
4
3
54.33%
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
The sketch is the initial design, it where the actual design and prototype
base their features on. According to Figure 2, it could be said that about 80%
is pleased with the information that the sketch has provided. The sketch shows
detailed information about the researchers’ prototype and how to make it
and what materials and proponents are to be used in making of the project.
Figure 2
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Design
1
2
3
4
Total
1
21
11
126
117
275
Weighted
Mean
3.23
2
9
19
160
87
275
3.2
3
11
21
154
89
275
3.2
4
13
17
134
111
275
3.2
5
11
19
156
89
275
3.2
6
5
21
166
83
275
3.2
7
11
13
150
101
275
3.2
8
11
2
135
127
275
3.4
9
13
11
158
93
275
3.2
10
9
19
160
87
275
3.2
Sum
114
153
1499
984
2750
32.19
5.56%
54.51%
35.78%
100.00%
Percentage 4.15%
General Weighted Mean
3.22(Agree)
Design
1
4.15%
2
5.56%
4
35.78%
1
2
3
4
3
54.51%
Figure 3
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Based on Figure 3, the data that has been gathered it could be
assumed that more than 75% somewhat agrees to the researcher’s design
towards the Airport Catapult Launch and less than 25% disagrees. The design
acts as the framework of the output. It also serves as the blueprint in which the
researchers base their output. The design consist of the project’s view from a
different angle, it also includes the measurement of the proponent of the
output.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Prototype
1
2
3
4
Total
1
0
12
15
13
40
Weighted
Mean
3.025
2
0
12
15
13
40
3.0
3
2
14
17
7
40
2.7
4
2
13
19
6
40
2.7
5
1
7
16
16
40
3.2
6
2
13
20
5
40
2.7
7
5
7
7
21
40
3.1
8
4
11
21
4
40
2.6
9
1
7
21
11
40
3.1
10
1
4
27
8
40
3.1
Sum
18
100
178
104
400
29.2
Percentage
4.50%
25.00%
44.50%
26.00%
General
Mean
Weighted
100.00%
2.9(Agree)
Prototype
1
4.50%
4
26.00%
2
25.00%
3
44.50%
1
2
3
4
Figure 4
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Figure 4 shows the data gathered from the college level and what they
think about the prototype of the research. It shows that 70.50% somewhat
agrees to the implication of the research based on the prototype made. This
data were gathered from 4th and 5th year college students in PATTs College of
Aeronautics.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Design
1
2
3
4
Total
1
0
12
15
13
40
Weighted
Mean
3.025
2
0
5
27
8
40
3.1
3
0
3
26
11
40
3.2
4
0
6
20
14
40
3.2
5
0
3
28
9
40
3.2
6
0
6
20
14
40
3.2
7
0
3
28
9
40
3.2
8
0
2
31
7
40
3.1
9
0
8
16
16
40
3.2
10
0
6
19
15
40
3.2
Sum
0
54
230
116
400
31.55
Percentage
0.00%
13.50%
57.50%
29.00%
100.00%
General Weighted
Mean
3.16(Agree)
Design
1
0%
4
29.00%
2
13.50%
3
57.50%
Figure 5
1
2
3
4
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
The table and chart above is Figure 5, it shows the college participant’s
views on the research based on the design. About 83.50% would show that
they approve of the conducted research concerning its design and the
remaining 16.50% does not approve. It shows that the sketch made by the
researcher is effective and discrete.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Sketch
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
25
12
40
2
3
6
19
12
40
3.0
3
0
6
23
11
40
3.1
4
1
6
24
9
40
3.0
5
1
6
23
10
40
3.1
6
3
8
21
8
40
2.9
7
2
3
24
11
40
3.1
8
3
4
25
8
40
3.0
9
2
2
23
13
40
3.2
10
1
2
25
12
40
3.2
Sum
18
44
232
106
400
30.65
Percentage
4.50%
11.00%
58.00%
26.50%
General
Mean
Weighted
Total
100.00%
3.07(Agree)
Sketch
1
4.50%
4
26.50%
2
11.00%
3
58.00%
1
2
3
4
Figure 6
Weighted
Mean
3.175
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
The table and chart above is Figure 6, it shows the college participant’s
views on the research based on the sketch. About 84.50% would show that
they accept the showed research regarding on its sketch and the remaining
16.50% does not approved of the research based on the sketch of the
research.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
This chapter includes the gathered data and the interpretation of the
researchers from the information that was given. The researchers used Slovin’s
Formula in order to evaluate the study.
Figure 1, 2 and 3 are the collected data that came from the SHS
respondents. Figure 1 shows the gathered data concerning the opinions of
the respondents based on the research’s prototype. Figure 2 shows whether
or not the respondents approve of the research’s sketch and lastly Figure 3
shows whether or not the respondents support the allegations of the research
established from the design.
Figure 4, 5 and 6 are the assembled data from the college respondents
which the researchers consider as experts.
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CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Does the development of an catapult aircraft really necessary in public
airport?
The necessity to develop an aircraft catapult launch in public airports got a
weighted mean of 3.0
2. What are the validations of aircraft catapult launcher in terms of:
SKETCH
The verification of the sketch for aircraft catapult got a general weighted
mean of 3.18%
DESIGN PLAN
The validations of the design plan for the aircraft catapult got a general
weighted mean 3.22%
PROTOTYPE
The validations of the design plan for the aircraft catapult got a general
weighted mean of 2.9%
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3. Does the aircraft catapult design affective for implementation in an
airport?
The effectiveness of implementing aircraft catapult in an airport got a
weighted mean of 3.0
CONCLUSION
Catapult launching is based on the idea in aircraft carriers. In aircraft
carriers there is a limited space but different kinds of aircraft are able to take
off on it. The catapult launch basically pushes part of the aircraft to increase
its acceleration in order for it to take flight fast.
The system that aircraft
carriers follows shows that because of their catapult launch they are able to
maximize the space and that aircrafts are able to take flight with such a
limited space. The Airport Catapult launch is a proposal that, if approved, will
help airports in maximizing the space of their land area. Since the prototype
helps with the initial acceleration of the aircraft, they can help reduce the
length of runways in airport. If there is a boost of speed, fuel consumption in
take-offs will be reduced.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
The researchers therefore conclude that the prototype, sketch and
design are effective for implementation in airports and that it is somewhat
necessary in airports.
The
prototype was
deemed
functional
by
the
respondents, the design as good and the sketch was accurate.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following
recommendations are suggested.
The
researchers
recommend
that
the
future
developers
and
manufacturers should enhance and improve the design, sketch and
prototype that were made. The future developers should use materials that
are efficient and long lasting for the Airport Catapult Launch. The future
developers should also improve the efficiency and performance of the Airport
Catapult Launch to be able. Also the developers should be able to improve
its compatibility since the design was based on one aircraft.
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Appendices:
Letter for Permission
To:
Engr. Lorenzo L. Naval Jr.
Vice Principal of Academic Affairs
Dr. Catherine M. Camposano
Senior High School Principal
Dear Sir/Ma’am
Good day!
We are the students of Grade 12- Du Temple has a subject APPL
211(Practical Research 2). Our research is all about making a catapult launcher for
aircrafts and the main goal is to develop an engineering design that will help future
airlines. We are happy to tell you that we are now currently doing chapter 3 of our
thesis that would require us to conduct surveys within a specific set of individuals.
Therefore the students would like to ask permission to conduct the research by
handing out questionnaires to the grade 12 students and 5th year Aeronautical
Engineering students as evaluators to our design.
This will become a big help for students to learn on how to create an invention
related to their course.
Truly Yours,
Jose Sebastian Laguna
Alec Warren R. Ramo
Mark Joseph M. Palpallatoc
Alyza Mae S. Reyes
Christine Jane P. Pontod
Julian Francis E. Valenzuela
John Derreck “Jed” S. Porlaje
Kurt John Vincent A. Serrano
Noted By:
Mr. Chito M. Facelo
Practical Research Instructor
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Questionnaire used:
Name (Optional)
: _______________________
Grade Section / Year Course
: ______________________
Gender
:
MALE
FEMALE
Directions: Check the box with the desired answer.
(4 – Strongly Agree, 3 Agree, 2 Disagree, 1 Strongly Disagree)
Design
1. The design is original and innovative
2. The sketch is well drawn
3. The components are arranged
inventively
4. The design corresponds to the actual
sketch
5. The design is efficient in the whole
prototype
6. The components used are appropriate
7. The design made the output more
understandable
8. The design is intricate and complex
9. The design
is elaborate and well
proportioned
10. The essential apparatuses are placed
efficiently
4
3
2
1
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
4
Sketch
1.
The sketch is an exact copy of the
prototype.
2.
The sketch is well drawn
3.
The sketch is an advantageous
design
4.
The drawing made the prototype
more understandable
5.
The sketch shows the components
of the prototype
6.
The draft showed the details of the
prototype
7.
The sketch showed the exact
measurements of the prototype
8.
The drawing is clear and logical
9.
The sketch gives background to the
prototype
10. The sketch is an intricate design
3
2
1
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
4
Prototype
1.
Using catapult launch in public in
airport shorten the runways
2.
Airport companies will benefits the
space in the runways by using airport
catapult launch
3.
This catapult launch will improve
the Philippine Aviation
4.
Air catapult launch is the efficient
way for taking off airport catapult launch
5.
Airport catapult launch decreases
time for taking off
6.
Airport catapult launch has a big
impact in the Philippine aviation
7.
Applying the airport catapult
launch will conserve airplanes fuel
8.
Airport catapult launch is safe for
the passengers
9.
It affects the integrity of the plane
10. The catapult launch efficiently
showed
its
function
during
the
demonstration.
Recommendation:
.
3
2
1
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PATTS College of Aeronautics
Bibliography:
https://www.topoi.org/project/d-5-4/
Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp.
54–65, July–August, 1979.
Pike, J. (n.d.). Military. Retrieved from
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/systems/steamcatapult.htm
Mirzaei, M., Abdollahi, S. E., & Vahedi, A. (2008). Design Optimization of
Reluctance Synchronous Linear Machines for Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch
System. 2008 14th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology.
doi:10.1109/elt.2008.28
Doyle, M., Sulich, G., & Lebron, L. (2000). The Benefits of Electromagnetically
Launching Aircraft. Naval Engineers Journal,112(3), 77-82. doi:10.1111/j.15593584.2000.tb03306.x
L Bertola, T Cox, P Wheeler, S Garvey, H Morvan(2000). Reducing Weight and
Fuel Consumption of Civil Aircraft by EML. World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical,
Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering 11 (2),
236-240