IMMUNOMODULATORS
M.F. ASHIK AHAMED (BMS 18)
INTRODUCTION
❑‘’Immunomodulation’’ is immune system
modification or change where it has both
natural and synthetic aspects.
❑Homeostatic mechanisms in the immune
system, controls the adaptive grades of the
immune responses.
❑''Immunomodulation'' as part of
chemotherapy which stimulates or blocks
immune function as per the treatment
requirements.
MECHANISM OF
IMMUNOMODULATION
❖ The immunomodulation follow these
mechanisms to regulate the immune system
in therapeutic function,
1. Antigen recognition
They can either suppress or stimulate the
1. Antibodies ( polyclonal antibodies &
Anti-thymocytes )
a) Interleukin 1 (cytotoxic and B cells)
2. Cytostatics ( Azathioprine,
cyclophosphamide )
c) Levamisole (lymphocyte & NK activate)
❑The immunomodulators can be divided in
to two main groups.
3.
e) Glucan (phagocytosis)
1. Immunosuppressants
4. Immunosuppressive antimetabolites
( Azathioprine & Mercaptopurine )
3. Differentiation of lymphocytes
4. Antibody production
6. Modification of target tissue response
CLASSIFICATION
function of the immune system.
Glucocorticoids ( prednisone &
dexamethasone )
2. Immunostimulants
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
PROPERTIES OF IMMUNOMODULATORS
1. Compatibility with other drugs
2. Active via oral route
3. Induce both specific and non-specific
immune responses
4. less withdrawal period with low residues
in the tissue
➢ Specific immunostimulat – they stimulate
the immune system for specific specific
antigens only.
Ex:a) Vaccines (attenuated antigens)
b) Monoclonal antibodies
c) Polyclonal antibodies
❖ Immunosuppressive drugs can be
classified in to 4 main groups,
•They are the medications / drugs which are
used to regulate the immune responses.
There are 2 main types of immunostimulants
➢ Non-specific immunostimulants – they
have no specificity, they are widely used
to treat many diseases.
Ex:-
2. Phagocytosis
5. Antibody & antigen reaction
What are immunomodulators ??
❖ These drugs are used to treat
autoimmune diseases. (conditions which
attack its own body tissues)
Ex:- 1. Myasthenia gravis
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Multiple sclerosis
4. Lupus
❖ It can also be used to treat some other
inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
❖ Immunosuppression is the activity of that
reduces the efficiency of the immune
system.
IMMUNOSTIMULANTS
❖Immunosuppressant drugs are class of
drugs which can reduce the power of the
immune system.
❖ Immunostimulation is the activity of that
increasing the efficiency of the immune
system.
❖The main use of these drugs is to reduce
the rejection ability of the body after organ
transplantation.
❖ Immunostimulants are drugs which can
increase the activity/ efficiency of the
immune system.
Size of original
5. Act as an adjuvant [immunological drug
Ex:- liver, heart, kidney, bone marrow etc.
which can modify the effect of other drugs]
❖Therefore they are also known as antirejection drugs.
❖These drugs are used to boost the immune
system thus allow to destroy tumors &
pathogens.
❑ Medical applications
❖Therefore these drugs help to maintain the
transplanted organ in a healthy & safe
status.
1. Chronic infections
2. Immunodefficiency disorders
3. Cancers
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b) Interleukin 2 (T helper proliferation)
d) Isoprinosine (lymphocyte & NK activate)
DISCUSSION
❑ Immunomodulators are linked to
significant drug-safety concerns thus there
is considerable scope for harmful
pharmaceutical effects in them.
❑ Doctors need to be very conscious of the
related possibilities for adverse reactions.
❑ It is important to pay attention to all
details of the drug such as prescribing,
storage, administration and monitoring to
ensure that these chemicals are used in the
safest and most effective way.
REFERENCES
Antonio Bascones-Martinez, Riikka Mattila, Rafael Gomez-Font and Jukka H.
Meurman. 2013. Immunomodulatory drugs: Oral and systemic adverse effects.
Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 19(1), pp.e24-e31.
Bolhassani, Sepideh Shahbazi & Azam. 2016. Immunostimulants: Types and
Functions. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis. 4(3), pp.45-51.
GEA-BANACLOCHE,Juan C. 2006. Immunomodulation. In: Marschall S. Runge &
Cam PATTERSON, (ed). Principles of Molecular Medicine, Humana Press,
pp.893-904.
Julia Klein, Linda Moore & Jennifer M. Smrtka. 2007. Immunosuppressive
Therapy:What You Need to Know. Teva Neuroscience. 3(1), pp.1-11.
Permender Rathee, Hema Chaudhary, Sushila Rathee, Dharmender Rathee &
Vikash Kumar. 2013. Immunosuppressants. THE PHARMA INNOVATION. 1(12),
pp.90-101.
Shakya, Shyam Narayan Labh and Shubha Ratna. 2014. Application of
immunostimulants as an alternative to vaccines for health management in
aquaculture. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2(1), pp.153156.
U.S. PATIL, A.V. JAYDEOKAR & D.D. BANDAWANE. 2012.
IMMUNOMODULATORS. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences. 4(1), pp.30-36.
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