MODULE 6
GENERAL JOURNAL
NOTE TO THE TEACHER:
The purpose of this series of activities is for the learners to determine the double entries that are needed for
journal entries. While it would be best if all learners engaged in all 5 activities, you can split them between
the groups if you are short of time.
The learners are to come up with the necessary entries. You are not to assist them at this stage. The report
back, however, is critical to ensure that all learners understand. Allow different groups to report back on the
different activities and make the necessary entries. You can even ask different groups to ‘crit’ each other. At
this stage, the emphasis is on determining the double entry for the general ledger and the necessary entry(ies) for the debtors ledger. Do not worry about the names of the accounts. This can be sorted out later.
The learners are also encouraged to draw up rough T-accounts, concentrating on the double entry. Make
sure all learners have the necessary columns for the accounting equation. Following this task, you can lead
them into the General Journal by highlighting the roles of the different journals already learnt and that those
entries do not fit in. Hence the need for a new journal.
TASK 6.1 
Source documents/Transactions
6.1.1 Learners are to complete the following table. Various answers are acceptable.
Journal
Source document
Examples of entries
CRJ
Cash Register Tape (CRT)
1. Cash sales
Receipt
2. Received rent
Bank Statement (B/S)
3. Interest received
Receipt
4. Capital deposited
Receipt
5. Commission received
Receipt
6. Payment received from a debtor, etc.
CPJ
Cheque counterfoil (C/C)
1. Trading stock bought and paid by cheque
C/C
2. Paid rent
C/C
3. Paid creditor’s account
Direct deposit
4. Paid salaries
B/S
5. Bank charges, etc.
PCJ
Petty Cash Voucher (PCV)
1. Bought stamps
PCV
2. Bought milk
PCV
3. Paid casual wages
PCV
4. Bought stationery
PCV
5. Bought refreshments, etc.
DJ
Invoice (Inv)
1. Goods sold on credit
DAJ
Credit Note (C/N)
1. Goods returned by debtor
C/N
2. Debtor was given an allowance
CJ
Invoice
1. Trading stock bought on credit
Invoice
2. Stationery bought on credit
Invoice
3. Equipment bought on credit
Invoice
4. Repairs done on credit
Invoice
5. Petrol bought on credit, etc.
CAJ
Debit Note (D/N)
1. Trading stock returned
D/N
2. Stationery returned
D/N
3. Claimed a reduction in price of equipment
D/N
4. Claimed a reduction in charges for repairs
D/N
5. Was overcharged for the petrol and claimed a reduction,
etc.
6.1.2
Learners are to come up with as many other entries as they can and justify why they do not fit into
the above journals.
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
141
Teacher’s Guide
TASK 6.2 
Revision on journals
NOTE TO THE TEACHER:
This task can be used to revise the journals learnt up to this point.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Document
Receipt
Cash Register Tape (CRT)
Receipt
Bank statement
Cheque counterfoil
Bank statement
Petty cash voucher
Invoice
Credit note
Invoice
Debit note
Cheque counterfoil
TASK 6.3
Journal
CRJ
CRJ
CRJ
CRJ
CPJ
CPJ
PCJ
DJ
DAJ
CJ
CAJ
CPJ
Big & Tall: Transaction analysis, Equation, Ledger
Learners are to complete these tasks in their groups and report back. They do not need to draw up formal
ledger accounts – rough T-accounts are sufficient at this stage. The suggested answers are for your use
only.
6.3.1
Dr
May
1
Balance
b/d
DEBTORS CONTROL
1 000
Bad debts
BAD DEBTS
100
Debtors control
DEBTORS LEDGER: J. SMITH
Date
Details
May
1
Balance
Bad debt written off
Fol
b/d
Account credit
Bad debts
Bank
Debtors control (J. Smith)
Bad debts recovered
Bad debts recovered
Cr
100
N
Debit
Credit
100
Account debit
Dr
Aug
B
Assets (A)
-100
+100
BANK
100
BAD DEBTS RECOVERED
Aug
Bank
DL
Balance
100
-
Owner’s Equity (OE)
-100
+100
Liabilities (L)
B
Cr
N
100
Note:
Allow learners to come up with their own name for bad debts recovered. You might even find that some
groups credit the Bad Debts account – which is not wrong as it is what we are doing. The concept of materiality, however, dictates that we draw up separate account.
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
142
Teacher’s Guide
6.3.2 Dr
May
1
DEBTORS CONTROL
5 000
15
Balance
Interest on overdue a/c
B
INTEREST ON OVERDUE ACCOUNT
May
Debtors control
DEBTORS LEDGER
J. BROWN
Date
Details
May
1
Balance
Interest on overdue account
Fol
b/d
Account credit
Debtors control (J. Brown)
Interest on overdue account
Balance
Bank
Discount allowed
b/d
Fol
b/d
Debtors control (A. Jones)
Debtors control (A. Jones)
Bank
Discount allowed
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
b/d
Debtors control
TRADING STOCK
3 000
STATIONERY
800
143
Cr
100
20
B
100
N
20
DL
Balance
120
20
100
120
Credit
100
20
Bank
Discount allowed
Debtors control (A. Jones)
Debtors control (A. Jones)
Liabilities
(L)
B
100
20
Account credit
Total
+15
Debit
Account debit
1
Owner’s
Equity (OE)
+15
DISCOUNT ALLOWED
20
Debtors control
DEBTORS LEDGER
A. JONES
Date
Details
May
1
Balance
Receipt
Discount allowed
Cheque dishonoured
Discount allowed
May
DL
Balance
500
515
Credit
Assets (A)
BANK
100
Debtors control
Balance
15
DEBTORS CONTROL
2 000
Bank
100
Discount allowed
20
Debtors control
6.3.4 Dr
May
1
N
15
Account debit
6.3.3 Dr
May
1
Debit
Cr
Assets
(A)
±100
-20
±100
+20
Owner’s
Equity(OE)
Liabilities
(L)
-20
+20
B
Drawings
Cr
200
N
Drawings
50
Teacher’s Guide
Dr
DRAWINGS
200
50
Trading stock
Stationery
Account debit
Account credit
Drawings
Drawings
Trading stock
Stationery
6.3.5 Dr
May
1
Balance
B
-200
EQUIPMENT
6 000
b/d
B
May
1
Total
Equipment
b/f
May
1
Balance
Carriage on goods
b/d
TRADING STOCK
4 000
550
May
1
Total
b/d
Total
Stationery
PACKING MATERIALS
b/d
300
60
1
B. JABU
Date
May
1
Fol
b/d
Fol
b/d
Account credit
Stationery
Trading stock
Packing materials
Debtors control (B. Jabu)
Equipment
Carriage on goods
Stationery
Debtors control (A. Jabu)
60
N
N
550
N
Debit
Credit
Debit
Credit
50
Account debit
TASK 6.4
Packing materials
50
Details
Balance
Good sold / Error corrected
Cr
100
N
CARRIAGE ON GOODS
550
Trading stock
DEBTORS LEDGER
A. JABU
Date
Details
May
1
Balance
Error corrected
Liabilities
(L)
Stationery
STATIONERY
600
100
May
Owner’s
Equity(OE)
-200
±50
Assets (A)
Cr
Assets (A)
-100
+550
DL
Balance
150
100
DL
Balance
200
250
Owner’s
Equity(OE)
-100
+550
±60
Liabilities
(L)
±50
Discussion
The purpose of this task is for learners to realise that the above entries cannot fit into any of the journals already learnt and listed prior to this task.
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
144
Teacher’s Guide
TASK 6.5 
Interest calculations
Required:
Complete the following table by filling in the missing amount, percentage or months.
Amount
R
120
400
1 500
2 000
3 000
800
1 200
6 000
5 600
No.
E.G.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
TASK 6.6 
Percentage interest rate
% p.a.
10
5
10
6
2.5
4
5
2.5
7.5
Period
Months
3
3
2
1
4
3
2
6
5
Interest amount
R
3
5
25
10
50
8
10
75
175
Journal transactions
Note to the Teacher:
This task will re-enforce the General Journal entries before the learner begins to write up the actual entries,
NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
DOCUMENT
Journal voucher (JV)
JV
JV
JV
JV
Bank statement
Bank statement
Petty cash voucher
Bank statement
Bank statement
TASK 6.7 
JOURNAL
GJ
GJ
GJ
GJ
GJ
GJ
GJ
PCJ
CRJ
CPJ
Joubert Stores: General Journal
GENERAL JOURNAL OF JOUBERT STORES – AUGUST 20.1
J/V
1
2
3
4
D
Details
4 F. Lourens
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 16% p.a.
8 Bad debts
J. Shadie
Account written off on authorisation of owner
15 M. Roelof
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 16% p.a. for 10
months
20 Drawings
Trading stock
Merchandise taken by owner for
own use
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Fol
Debit
Credit
12
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
12
GJ
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
12
128
128
45
128
45
45
144
144
145
Teacher’s Guide
GENERAL JOURNAL OF JOUBERT STORES (Continued)
J/V
5
6
7
8
D
Details
Fol
25 M. Rossouw
C. Mossie
G. Gudarson
M. Velaphi
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
accounts at 16% p.a.
27 Drawings
Trading stock
Merchandise taken by owner for
own use
28 Bad debts
M. Spick
K. Span
R. Neat
P. Tidy
Bad debts written off
30 Drawings
Trading stock
Goods taken for own use
Debit
Credit
24
25
23
120
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
24
25
23
120
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
192
200
200
2 115
220
420
375
1 100
220
420
375
1 100
280
280
249
2 243
Note to Teacher:
The second line of a journal entry, i.e. the credit entry may be indented as above or it may be blocked as
shown below:
GENERAL JOURNAL OF JOUBERT STORES – AUGUST 20.1
J/V
1
D
Details
Fol
4 F. Lourens
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 16% p.a.
TASK 6.8
Debit
Credit
12
1
2
3
D
GJ
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
12
Palan Stores: General Journal
GENERAL JOURNAL OF PALAN STORES – AUGUST 20.6
J/V
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
12
Details
4 J. Jones
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 16% p.a. for 6
months
6 Bad debts
J. Roberts
Account written off on authorisation of owner
10 Drawings
Trading stock
Merchandise taken by proprietor for own use
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Fol
Debit
Credit
20
GJ
Debtors control Creditors control
Debit
Credit
Debit
Credit
20
20
678
678
678
350
350
146
Teacher’s Guide
GENERAL JOURNAL OF PALAN STORES (Continued)
J/V
4
5
6
D
Details
Fol
26 Bad debts
K. Fortune
M. Sebola
R. Louw
Accounts written off on authorisation of owner
30 Drawings
Stationery
Stationery taken by proprietor
for own use
31 R. Moss
D. Modi
K. Lawson
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
accounts
Debit
Debtors control Creditors control
Debit
Credit
Debit
Credit
Credit
1 054
254
456
344
254
456
344
17
17
70
50
256
70
50
256
376
396
TASK 6.9
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Pik Stores: General Journal
Account debit
Wages
M. Mnchune/Debtors control
Trading stock
B. Paolo /Debtors control
Telephone
Rino Wholesalers/Creditors control
Drawings
M. Morton/Creditors control
M. Bruno/Debtors control
Repairs
Trading stock
Bingo Wholesalers/Creditors control
TASK 6.10
1 732
Account credit
Salaries
M. Mchunu/Debtors control
Consumable stores
Sales
Rates and taxes
Rhino Wholesalers/Creditors control
Sundry expenses
Discount received
J. Bruno/Debtors control
Equipment
GG Traders/Creditors control
Bingo Stores/Creditors control
NM Traders: General Journal
GENERAL JOURNAL OF NM TRADERS – MAY 20.9
J/V
1
2
3
Amount
1 200
800
110
9
74
340
60
10
55
900
91
200
D Details
4 Equipment
Trading stock
Correction of error in posting of
cheque no. 1236
8 Regent Wholesalers
Regal Wholesalers
Correction of error in posting
invoice no. X397
12 Telephone
Consumable stores
Correction of error in posting of
cheque no. 1245
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Fol
Debit
Credit
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
GJ
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
1 845
1 845
154
154
154
154
534
534
147
Teacher’s Guide
GENERAL JOURNAL OF NM TRADERS (Continued)
J/V
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D Details
13 Trading stock
Delivery charges
Correction of error in posting
petty cash voucher
15 L. Lane
L. Lyon
Correction of error in posting of
invoice no. 277
17 Sales/Debtors allowances
J. Jones
Correction of error on invoice
no. 245*
19 W. Bite
B. White
Correct of error in posting of
C/N no. 88
21 Trading stock
Drawings
Correction of error in recording
27 LW Traders
LW Wholesalers
Correction of error in posting
D/N no. 48
31 Wages
Salaries
Correction of error in posting
from CPJ
Fol
Debit
Credit
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
370
370
142
142
142
142
50
50
50
575
575
575
575
100
100
188
188
188
188
1 842
1 842
717
767
342
342
*Can also be entered in the DAJ
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
148
Teacher’s Guide
TASK 6.11
Mariam’s Supermarket: General Journal
GENERAL JOURNAL OF MARIAM’S SUPERMARKET – MAY 20.8
Debtors control
J/V
D
1
2
Details
Fol
Debit
Credit
Debit
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
8
11
13
19
24
28
30
Drawings
Trading stock
Merchandise taken by proprietor for own use
F. Ford
Interest Income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 16%
Bad debts
W. Wilson
Balance of account written off
on authorisation of owner
S. Sloan
Discount allowed
Discount cancelled on R/D
cheque
K. King
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue
account at 18% p.a.
Drawings
Trading stock
Merchandise taken by proprietor for own use
Bad debts
M. Moses
Account written off on authorisation of owner
P. Thomas
T. Thomas
Correction of error in posting
Motor expenses
Vehicles
Correction of error in posting
B2
B4
269
269
DL1
N7
9
N8
DL2
216
DL3
N9
13
DL4
N7
30
B2
B4
60
9
9
216
216
13
13
30
30
60
N8
DL5
150
DL6
DL7
25
N10
B3
1 480
150
150
25
25
25
1 480
77
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Credit
GJ
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
149
391
Teacher’s Guide
Document
JV
JV
Rec
Journal
GJ
GJ
CRJ
Error corrected
5 Y. Shelley
Interest on overdue a/c
Interest charged on overdue account
9 S. Strew
S. Straw
Error corrected
16 Y. Shelley
Y. Shallow
Details
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
3
2
1
J/V D
Fol
6.12.2 CORVET BUDGET STORES
GENERAL JOURNAL – JULY 20.7
200
500
40
Debit
200
500
40
Credit
200
500
150
200
500
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
40
GJ
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
Account credit
Interest on overdue account
Debtors control (S. Straw)
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
Debtors control (Y. Shallow)
Bank
Discount allowed
Stationery
Trading stock
Stationery
Bank
Equipment
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)*
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
Bad debts recovered
Creditors control (Wrappe Dealers)
Corvet Budget Stores: Accounting equation
Account debit
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
Debtors control (S Strew)
Bank
Discount allowed
16
JV
GJ
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
17
B/S
CPJ
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
JV
GJ
Debtors control (Y. Shelley)
19
JV
GJ
Creditors control (Nasbil)
20
JV
GJ
Drawings
Drawings
C/C
CPJ
Drawings
21
JV
GJ
Repairs
24
Rec
CRJ
Bank
JV
GJ
Bad debts
28
Rec
CRJ
Bank
29
JV
GJ
Discount received
*(800 + 40 – 819 – 21 + 819 + 21 + 200) x 40c
6.12.1
No.
5
9
14
TASK 6.12
-800
-646
±416
-624
+230
-320
A=
+40
±500
±819
-21
±200
±819
+21
-624
+230
-9
+21
+540
-320
±48
-800
-646
-21
O +
+40
Teacher’s Guide
+9
-540
L
GENERAL JOURNAL (Continued)
J/V D
4
5
6
7
8
9
Details
Fol
Debit
17 Y. Shelley
Discount allowed
Discount cancelled on R/D
cheque
19 Nasbill & Co.
Stationery
Error corrected
20 Drawings
Trading stock
Stationery
Items taken by owner for
personal use
21 Repairs
Equipment
Error corrected
24 Bad debt
Y. Shelley
Bad debt written off
29 Discount received
Wrappe Dealers
Error corrected
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
21
Credit
21
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
21
540
540
540
448
400
48
646
646
624
624
624
9
9
9
761
1 324
540
9
6.12.3 CORVET BUDGET STORES
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL – JULY 20.7
CRJ5
Debtors control Sundry accounts
AnalyCost
Doc
D Details
Fol sis of Bank Sales
of
Discount
no
receipts
sales Receipts* allowed Amount Fol Details
08 14 Y. Shelley
819
819
819
21
24 Y. Shelley
416
416
416
09 28 N. Seedy
230
230
230
Bad debts
recovered
* Alternative method: Debtors control R840
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL FOR JULY 20.7
Doc
D Details
no
B/S 17 Y. Shelley
C
20 J Corvet
…………
Fol
Bank
819
800
CPJ5
Creditors control Sundry accounts
Trading Debtors
stock
control Payments Discount Amount Fol Details
received
819
800
Drawings
6.12.4 DEBTORS LEDGER: Y. SHELLEY
Date
Details
20.7
July
1 Balance
5 Interest on overdue account
14 Receipt
Discount allowed
16 Error corrected
17 Cheque dishonoured
Discount cancelled
24 Receipt
Bad debt written off
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Fol
Debit
b/d
GJ
CRJ
CRJ
GJ
CPJ
GJ
CRJ
GJ
151
Credit
40
819
21
200
819
21
416
624
DL
Balance
800
840
21
200
1 019
1 040
624
-
Teacher’s Guide
Transaction
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Debtors control
Drawings
Creditors control
Trading stock
Trading stock
Cash float
Insurance
Bad debts
Bank
Interest expense
Bank
GJ
PCJ
GJ
GJ
PCJ
CPJ
GJ
GJ
CRJ
CPJ
CRJ
152
Debtors control
CPJ
DAJ
12. Restored the petty cash imprest amount by cheque
13. Allowance made to a debtor
Debtor’s cheque returned by bank marked ‘r/d - insuffi14.
cient funds’
15. Cancellation of discount on a ‘r/d’ cheque
16. Owner took petty cash for his own use
Equipment bought on credit from WW Stores was wrongly
17.
entered as R816 instead of R618.
Owner returned stock which he had previously taken for
18.
his own use
19. Paid for carriage on stock purchased from petty cash
20. Cashed a cheque for cash float
Insurance premium paid was mistakenly charged to re21.
pairs
22. Write off the account of a credit customer
23. Received interest on fixed deposit.
24. Paid interest on loan by cheque
Received a cheque from a debtor whose account was
25.
previously written off
Bad debts recovered
Debtors control
Interest income
Bank
Repairs
Petty cash
Bank
Drawings
Equipment
Discount allowed
Petty cash
Bank
General Ledger
Account debit
Account credit
Trading stock
Creditors control
Bank
Sales
Cost of sales
Trading stock
Bank
Debtors control
Creditors control
Discount received
Debtors allowances
Debtors control
Trading stock
Cost of sales
Creditors control
Trading stock
Drawings
Creditors control
Discount allowed
Debtors control
Creditors control
Bank
Debtors control (Jane)
Debtors control (Jean)
Debtors control
Sales
Cost of sales
Trading stock
Petty cash
Bank
Debtors allowances
Debtors control
CPJ
DJ
11. Stock sold on credit R500 (mark-up is 150%)
CAJ
CJ
CRJ
CPJ
GJ
DAJ
5. Stock returned by a debtor, R184 (mark-up is 60%)
Stock returned to a creditor
Owner’s private vehicle repaired (not yet paid for)
Discount allowed to a credit customer
Payment made to a credit supplier by cheque
Goods sold on credit to Jane incorrectly charged to Jean
CRJ
CPJ
3. Payment made by a debtor by electronic transfer
4. Discount received from a supplier (creditor)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
CRJ
CJ
Journal
2. Cash sales of stock R413 (mark-up 133 /3%)
1
Transaction analysis
1. Purchased stock on credit
No.
TASK 6.13
198
500
200
184
115
413
177
Amount
Teacher’s Guide
TASK 6.14
Wishtree Stores: General Journal, Transaction
analysis
6.14.1
WISHTREE STORES
GENERAL JOURNAL – APRIL 20.7
J/V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
D Details
Fol
1 B. Hopeful
Interest on overdue acc
Interest charged on overdue account at 16% p.a. for 3 months
3 Stationery
Consumable stores
Error corrected
8 Drawings
Trading stock
Consumable stores
Items taken for personal use
12 V. Hupeful
B. Hopeful
Error corrected
13 V. Hupeful
B. Hopeful
Error corrected
14 Bad debts
Ms Wishful
Bad debts written off
20 Repairs/ Motor expenses
Vehicles
Error corrected
24 B. Hopeful
Discount allowed
Discount cancelled on R/D
cheque
25 Trading stock
Drawings
Owner returned stock
27 J. Hapfort
V. Hupeful
Error corrected
28 B. Badger Wholesalers
Discount received
Error corrected
Debit
Credit
130
GJ
Debtors control Creditors control
Debit
Credit
Debit
Credit
130
130
323
323
900
600
300
800
800
800
60
800
60
60
60
400
400
400
980
980
126
126
126
200
200
90
90
90
90
100
100
100
1 206
1 350
100
-
6.14.2
Date
Journal
8
14
17
CPJ
CRJ
CRJ
18
21
CPJ
DJ
24
26
CPJ
CRJ
General Ledger
Account debit
Account credit
Drawings
Bank
Bank
Debtors control
Bank
Debtors control
Discount allowed
Debtors control
Equipment
Bank
Debtors control
Sales
Cost of sales
Trading stock
Debtors control
Bank
Bank
Debtors control
Discount allowed
Debtors control
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
153
Amount
500
100
2 394
126
1 999
4 320
2 880
2 394
2 500
120
Teacher’s Guide
6.14.3
Dr
20.7
Apr
20.7
Apr
GENERAL LEDGER OF WISHTREE STORES
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS SECTION
STATIONERY
1 Total
3 Consumable stores
1 Total
b/f
GJ
b/f
27
CONSUMABLE STORES
20.7
1 234 Apr
3 Stationery
8 Drawings
1 234
Fol
Debit
b/d
GJ
GJ
GJ
CRJ
CRJ
CPJ
GJ
Details
Fol
Balance
Goods sold / error corrected
Error corrected
Receipt
Discount allowed
Error corrected
b/d
GJ
GJ
CRJ
CRJ
GJ
TASK 6.15
Cr
490
323
813
WISHTREE STORES OF DEBTORS LEDGER
B. HOPEFUL
Date
Details
20.7
Apr
1 Balance
Interest on overdue account
12 Error corrected
13 Good returned / error
17 Receipt
Discount allowed
24 Cheque dishonoured
Discount cancelled
V. HUPEFUL
Date
20.7
Apr
1
12
13
26
N
Credit
N
GJ
GJ
DL
Balance
2 394
126
3 250
3 380
2 580
2 520
126
2 394
2 520
Debit
Credit
DL
Balance
2 500
120
90
4 320
5 120
5 180
2 680
2 560
2 470
130
800
60
2 394
126
800
60
323
300
623
Jim: Advice
The purpose of this task is for the learners to consider internal control measures that are needed to control
the staff. Allow the learners to come up with their own suggestions but some form of division of duties
should be discussed.
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
154
Teacher’s Guide
D Details
DL1
DL3
Fol
2 700
520
400
2 400
4 200
800
Analysis of
receipts
5 000
31 020
20 000*
2 700
520
400
2 400
Bank
920
520**
400**
4
7
12
14
18
21
22
24
25
28
30
2001
2002
2003
2004
D/N
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
BS
Ace Wholesalers
Cash
Max Wholesalers
Cash
S Stephen (R/D)
Cash
Dallas Traders
OP Traders
Max Wholesalers
K. Kashir
PQ Bank
Details
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
*Alternative format: 1 160 / 1 290
D
Doc
no
CL2
CL1
DL1
CL1
Fol
4 520
B6
B8
720
3 800
Trading
Stock
4 050
1 450
1 100
1 450
520
1 450
720
1 200
300
750
60
13 050
Bank
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
B7/N6
75
40
35
B9
2 600
1 200*
300
1 100*
155
B9/N7
150
90
-
60
Creditors control
Discount
Payments
received
B8
B7
*If amount was given to the business then it would appear in the analysis column
**Alternative format: 560 / 435
101
1 K. Kashir
CRT101 6 Sales
102
9 S. Stephen
103
14 R. Rogers
CRT102 16 Sales
CRT103 25 Sales
104
D. Singh
Doc
No
Debtors control
Discount
Receipts
allowed
N4
4 350
1 450
1 450
1 450
Wages
N1
9 300
2 400
4 200
2 700
Sales
B7
520
520
Debtors
control
B6/N2
6 200
1 600
2 800
1 800
Cost of
sales
Fol
Fol
750 B2
60 N10
1 060
250 N5
Amount
CRJ1
Teacher’s Guide
Drawings
Bank charges
Stationery
Details
CPJ1
Details
Rent income
Capital
Sundry accounts
800 N9
20 800
20 000 B1
Amount
Sundry accounts
Kashir Stores (Combined exercise): Journals, Ledgers, Debtors/Creditors List,
Trial Balance
KASHIR STORES
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
TASK 6.16 
Fol
DL1
DL2
DL3
DL1
DL2
DL3
10
20
10
11
R. Rogers
S. Stephen
Debtor
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
D
C/N No.
DL3
DL4
Fol
DEBTORS ALLOWANCES JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
DEBTORS JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
Inv. No.
D Debtor
1001
3 S. Stephen
1002
N. Noel
1003
R. Rogers
1004
17 S. Stephen
1005
N. Noel
1006
R. Rogers
N3/B7
B6/N2
100
80
180
156
Cost of sales
DAJ1
B7/N1
Debtors allowances
150
120
270
N2/B6
Sales
280
450
600
300
240
330
2 200
B6
B9
B5
50
50
Equipment
B5
1 800
950
2 750
Equipment
DJ1
Cost of sales
150
300
400
200
160
220
1 430
Trading
stock
90
125
215
Max Wholeslaers
OP Traders
Max Wholesalers
CL1
CL2
CL1
CREDITORS ALLOWANCES JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
Creditors
D/N no
D Creditor
Fol
control
55
15 Max Wholesalers
CL1
130
56
28 Max Wholesalers
CL1
175
305
Fol
B6
11
19
27
MW5354
T1575
MW5458
Creditor
B9
D
Inv no
Trading
stock
900
650
725
2 275
Creditors
control
1 300
2 570
1 675
5 545
CREDITORS JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
N5
25
Stationery
& printing
25
N5
370
Stationery
& printing
250
120
N8
15
Consumable stores
15
N8
150
Consumable stores
150
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol Details
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol Details
Teacher’s Guide
CAJ1
CJ1
GENERAL JOURNAL – APRIL 20.4
No.
D Details
Fol
1
18 S Stephen
Discount allowed
Discount cancelled on R/D
cheque
23 Bad debts
G. Gansen
Account written off
24 S. Stephen
Interest income
Interest charged on overdue account
29 Interest expense
Max Wholesalers
Interest charged on overdue account
DL1
N9
40
N11
DL3
200
DL1
N12
20
N13
CL1
30
2
3
4
Debit
Credit
Debtors control
Debit
Credit
40
40
200
200
20
20
30
30
60
Dr
20.4
Apr
30 Balance
May
1 Balance
28 Bank
1 Balance
200
GENERAL LEDGER OF KASHIR STORES
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS SECTION
CAPITAL
20.4
c/d
100 000 Apr
1 Balance
Bank
100 000
May
20.4
Apr
b/d
CPJ
b/d
1 Balance
DRAWINGS
20.4
1 900 Apr
30 Balance
750
2 650
1 Balance
b/d
20.4
Apr
May
1 Balance
1 Balance
30 Creditors control
1 Balance
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
b/d
b/d
CJ
b/d
B1
30
Cr
b/d
CRJ
80 000
20 000
100 000
b/d
100 000
B2
c/d
2 650
2 650
B3
40 000
MOTOR VEHICLES
20.4
Apr
-
2 650
LAND AND BUILDINGS
20.4
Apr
GJ1
Creditors control
Debit
Credit
B4
19 000
EQUIPMENT
20.4
10 500 Apr
30 Creditors control
2 750
Balance
13 250
B5
CAJ
c/d
50
13 200
13 250
13 200
157
Teacher’s Guide
Dr
20.4
Apr
May
20.4
Apr
1 Balance
30 Bank
Cost of sales
Creditors control
1 Balance
1 Balance
30 Bank (R/D)
Sales
Sundry accounts
b/d
CPJ
DAJ
CJ
b/d
b/d
CPJ
DJ
GJ
TRADING STOCK
20.4
4 950 Apr
30
4 520
180
2 275
11 925
B6
Creditors control
Cost of sales
Cost of sales
Balance
Cr
CAJ
DJ
CRJ
c/d
4 080
DEBTORS CONTROL
20.4
2 010 Apr
30
520
2 200
60
B7
Bank
Discount allowed
Debtors allowances
Sundry accounts
Balance
CRJ
CRJ
DAJ
GJ
c/d
4 790
May
20.4
Apr
May
20.4
Apr
1 Balance
1 Balance
30 Sundry accounts
1 Balance
30 Bank
Discount received
Sundry accounts
Balance
b/d
b/d
CRJ
b/d
BANK
20.4
4 200 Apr
31 020
35 220
B8
30 Sundry accounts
Balance
CREDITORS CONTROL
20.4
CPJ
2 600 Apr
1 Balance
CPJ
150
30 Sundry accounts
CAJ
305
Sundry accounts
c/d
6 030
9 085
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
b/f
CRJ
DJ
CPJ
c/d
13 050
22 170
35 220
22 170
1 Balance
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS SECTION
SALES
20.4
Apr
1 Total
30 Debtors control
Bank
1 Total
30 Trading stock
Trading stock
920
75
270
200
3 325
4 790
3 325
May
20.4
Apr
215
1 430
6 200
4 080
11 925
COST OF SALES
20.2
10 400 Apr
30 Trading stock
6 200
1 430
18 030
158
B9
b/d
CJ
GJ
3 510
5 545
30
9 085
b/d
6 030
N1
b/f
DJ
CRJ
15 600
2 200
9 300
27 100
N2
DAJ
180
180
Teacher’s Guide
Dr
20.4
Apr
DEBTORS ALLOWANCES
1 Total
30 Debtors control
b/f
DJ
20.4
Apr
20.4
Apr
20.4
Apr
1 Total
30 Bank
1 Total
4 Bank
30 Creditors control
1 Total
30 Debtors control
30 Creditors control
b/f
CPJ
b/f
CPJ
CJ
STATIONERY
20.4
1 150 Apr
30 Creditors control
250
370
1 770
CPJ
23 Debtors control
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
GJ
25
25
N6
GJ
40
40
CONSUMABLE STORES
20.4
150 Apr
30 Creditors control
N8
b/f
CPJ
CAJ
340
150
490
15
N9
CRJ
800
N10
60
BAD DEBTS
20.4
Apr
CAJ
N7
BANK CHARGES
30 Bank
N5
DISCOUNT RECEIVED
20.4
Apr
1 Total
30 Creditors control
RENT INCOME
20.4
Apr
30 Bank
20.4
Apr
N4
3 800
4 350
8 150
DISCOUNT ALLOWED
20.4
b/f
390 Apr
18 Debtors control
CRJ
75
465
CJ
Cr
1 150
270
1 420
WAGES
20.4
Apr
N3
N11
200
159
Teacher’s Guide
Dr
INTEREST INCOME
20.4
Apr
24 Debtors control
INTEREST EXPENSE
20.4
Apr
29 Creditors control
GJ
DEBTORS LEDGER
S. STEPHEN
Date
Details
20.4
Apr
1 Balance
3 Inv 1001
9 Receipt No 102
Discount allowed
17 Invoice 1004
18 Cheque dishonoured
Discount cancelled
20 Credit note 11
24 Interest income
N. NOEL
Date
20.4
Apr
1
3
17
G GANSAN
Date
20.4
Apr
1
28
R. ROGERS
Date
20.4
Apr
1
3
10
14
17
Fol
Debit
b/d
DJ
CRJ
CRJ
DJ
CPJ
GJ
DAJ
GJ
Fol
Balance
Invoice 1002
Invoice 1005
b/d
DJ
DJ
Details
Fol
Balance
Bad debts
b/d
GJ
Details
Fol
Balance
Invoice 1003
Credit note 10
Receipt 103
Discount allowed
Invoice 1006
b/d
DJ
DAJ
CRJ
CRJ
DJ
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Cr
GJ
20
N13
30
Details
DEBTORS LIST AS AT 30 APRIL 20.4
Debtor
Fol
S. Stephen
DL1
N. Noel
DL2
G. Gansen
DL3
R. Rogers
DL4
N12
Credit
280
520
40
300
520
40
120
20
Debit
Credit
Credit
200
Debit
Credit
600
150
400
35
330
560
840
320
280
580
1 100
1 140
1 020
1 040
DL2
Balance
390
840
1 080
450
240
Debit
DL1
Balance
DL3
Balance
200
DL4
Balance
860
1 460
1 310
910
875
1 205
Amount
1 040
1 080
1 205
3 325
160
Teacher’s Guide
CREDITORS LEDGER OF KASHIR STORES
MAX WHOLESALERS
Date
Details
20.4
Apr
1 Balance
11 Invoice MW 5354
12 Cheque 2003
Discount received
15 Debit note 55
25 Cheque 2008
27 Invoice MW 5453
28 Debit note 56
29 Interest expense
OP TRADERS
Date
Details
20.4
Apr
1 Balance
19 Invoice T1575
24 Cheque 2001
Discount received
Fol
Debit
b/d
CJ
CPJ
CPJ
CAJ
CPJ
CJ
CAJ
GJ
Credit
1 300
1 100
60
130
300
1 675
175
30
Fol
Debit
b/d
CJ
CPJ
CPJ
Credit
2 570
1 200
90
CL1
Balance
2 160
3 460
2 360
2 300
2 170
1 870
3 545
3 370
3 400
CL2
Balance
1 350
3 920
2 720
2 630
CREDITORS LIST AS AT 30 APRIL 20.4
Creditor
Fol
Amount
Max Wholesalers
CL1
3 400
OP Traders
CL2
2 630
6 030
TRIAL BALANCE ON 30 APRIL 20.4
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS SECTION
Capital
Drawings
Land and buildings
Motor vehicles
Equipment
Trading stock
Debtors control
Bank
Creditors control
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS SECTION
Sales
Cost of sales
Debtors allowances
Wages
Stationery
Discount allowed
Discount received
Consumable stores
Rent income
Bank charges
Bad debts
Interest income
Interest expense
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
Fol
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
Debit
Credit
100 000
2 650
40 000
19 000
13 200
4 080
3 325
22 170
6 030
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13
27 100
17 850
1 420
8 150
1 745
425
490
135
800
60
200
20
30
134 440
161
134 440
Teacher’s Guide
TASK 6.17
Project
Suggested rubric:
CRITERIA
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
Transactions
Inadequate
transactions
drawn up
Journals
No understanding
of journals
Ledgers
Posting is not
understood
Some attempt to
post correctly
Posting completed
accurately
Lists and Trial Balance
No idea of
presentation
Some attempt to
record this information
Lists and trial balance completed
Spreadsheet
No idea of completing a spreadsheet
Some attempt to
complete a
spreadsheet
All entries correctly
completed
TASK 6.18 
Some attempt to
draw up transactions
Some attempt to
complete the journals
LEVEL 4
Correct transactions drawn up
Transactions are
linked together
Correct drawing up
of journals
Journals professionally presented
All ledger accounts accurate
and balanced /
totaled
Lists and trial balance accurate and
correctly presented
Spreadsheet
completed and in
balance
Ethical & internal control scenarios affecting the General Journal
Before undertaking this task, it is advisable to inform the learners about what is meant by ethics in business,
fraud and internal control (you may refer to Modules 13 and 14).
6.18.1
6.18.2
6.18.3
6.18.4
A GJ is necessary to cater for all entries that are not covered by any other journal.
Because the GJ can contain any type of entry, including correction of entries, it is possible for a
disreputable bookkeeper or accountant to cover up errors, omissions, theft and fraud by making
entries in the GJ.
The document is the Journal Voucher. Additional vouchers can be attached to the JV to provide
evidence of why the entry is needed. The JV should be signed by two senior persons in the business (e.g. the owner and the accountant) so that the entries are properly authorised and to reduce
the possibility of fraud and unethical conduct.
(a) The employee could persuade the bookkeeper to put through an entry to Debit Fixed Assets
Written Off and Credit Equipment.
(b) The bookkeeper could write of the account with an entry to Debit Bad debts and Credit Debtors Control (and the Debtor’s personal account in the Debtor’s Ledger), and then not send the
statement to the debtor.
(c) The bookkeeper could put an entry through to Credit Trading stock and Debit any other account, to reduce the value of Trading stock so that a deficit will not be detected when the
stock is counted.
CHECKLIST
Yes – proficient
Skills
Requires
more attention
Complete
Analysis of transactions in the Accounting Equation.
Identification of entries relevant to the General Journal.
Completion of the General Journal.
Posting to the ledgers from the General Journal.
Completion of tasks involving all the journals.
Posting tasks with all the journals to the ledgers.
Analyse ethical & internal control scenarios affecting the
General Journal.
New Era Accounting: Grade 10
162
Teacher’s Guide