CH. 4: Community Assessment,
Education, and Program Planning
By: Adriana Smith, Alison todd, Cindy Rico,
Maylu Lopez, Melissa Herrera, Michael Lopez
GROUP 5
What is Community
Assessment,
Education, and
Program Planning?
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Community assessment: process of critically
thinking about the community and getting to
know and understand the community as a
client. Assessments help identify, clarify issues,
and see strengths and resources.
Community health nurses regularly provide
health education in order to promote, maintain
and restore the health of populations with
community education programs
Nurses use program planning to promote
healthy communities in which members of
these communities partner with nurses to
address health issues
Nurses Role:
The nurse is the key player in assessing the needs of
the community by:
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Interacting and establishing contracts with
community partners serving the community at
large
Witness interaction between community
program and the response of the client to the
services
Identifying future services based upon the
visible needs of community members and
population groups
What is an Ecological
Model?
The Ecological Model is used as a guide to
examine the determinants of health for a
population, and for targeting interventions to
factors that affect health. It includes the following
components:
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Individual Traits (age, gender, biological,
mental, and behavioral factors)
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Social, Family, & Community Relationships
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Occupational and home environments
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Overall conditions that are created by local,
state, and worldwide forces and trends
Factors to Consider
When determining the health of a community:
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Status: Epidemiological data, client satisfaction,
mental health, crime rates
Structure: Presence of health care facilities,
service types and patterns of use, demographic
data
Process: Relationships, communication,
commitment to and participation in health
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Community
Assessment
Components
People:
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Place or environment:
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Demographic
Biological factors: health and disease status,
genetics, race, age, gender, cause of death
Social factors: Occupation, marital status,
income, crime rates
Cultural factors: ethnohistory, hierarchy and
roles, language, religion, values
Physical factors: geography, terrain, type of
community, housing
Environmental factors: Geography, climate, flora,
fauna, topography, toxic substances, vectors,
pollutants
Social Systems:
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Health
Economic
Education
Religious
Welfare
Political
Recreation
Legal
Transportation
Communication
Resources and services
Data Collection
Data collection is a critical Community Health
nursing function . To best identify the health needs of
the local community.
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Informant Interviews
Community Forum
Secondary Data
Focus Groups
Participant Observation
Surveys
Windshield
Survey
Strengths: Provides a descriptive
overview of a community.
Limitations: Need for a driver so the
nurse can visualize and document
elements.
Can be time-consuming.
Results based only on visualization and
does not include input from community
members.
Analysis of
Community
Assessment Data
The Community Health Nurse assesses, interpretes
data, and identifies problems. Steps in analysis of
community Data Assessment includes:
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Gathering Collected Data
Assessing Completed Data
Identifying and Generating Missing Data
Synthesizing Data and Identifying Themes
Identifying Community Needs and Problems
Identifying Community Strengths and
Resources
PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Is completed for each
Identified Problem. Work Groups are formed to
examine individual problems and develop solutions.
Community Health
Diagnosis
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Community Health Diagnosis are the result of
problems that are identified by community
assessments.
Community Nursing Diagnosis incorporates
information from the community assessment,
general nursing knowledge, and epidemiology of
the risk in a population.
Example of Community Nursing Diagnosis:
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Risk of (specific problem) among (specific
population), related to (strength/weakness) in
the community that influence the problem or
risk.
Community Health
Education
NURSES MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE BARRIERS
THAT MAKE LEARNING DIFFICULT SUCH AS:
*Age
*Cultural Barriers
* Illiteracy
* Lack of Motivation and Barriers to Access
LEARNING THEORIES
LEARNING STYLES
Behavioral
Learners
Cognitive
Auditory Learners
Critical
Kinesthetic
Developmental
Learner
Humanistic
Social Learning
Visual
Tactile-
Health Literacy - Develops interventions for literacy needs
Domains of Learning - involves Cognitive, Affective, and
Psychomotor
Development of a Community Health Education Plan Involves performance of a skill (such as, teaching client
how to self-administer insulin).
Community Health
Program Planning,
Development, and
Management
The Planning step of Community Assessment leads to
planning programs for the defined Community. The
Nursing Process is used to establish and maintain the
Program.
ADPIE
Assessment - Collection of Data about the community
and its members.
Diagnosis - Identify and prioritize Health needs of the
Community.
Planning - Develop interventions to meet Identified
Outcomes
Implementation - Carry out the plan.
Evaluation - Examine the success of the interventions.
QUESTIONS
1.
SATA
A nurse is preparing to conduct a windshield
survey. Which of the following data should the
nurse collect as a component of this
assessment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ethnicity of community members
Individuals who hold power within the
community.
Natural community boundaries
Prevalence of disease
Presence of public protection.
ANSWER
A, C, E
A. Identify the ethnicity of the people visible in the
community as a component of a windshield
survey
C.
a
Identify natural community boundaries as
component of a windshield survey.
E.
such
Identify the process of public protection,
as police, fire and animal control as component
of windshield survey.
QUESTION
2
A nurse is completing a needs assessment and
beginning analysis of data. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take FIRST?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Determine health patterns within collected data.
Compile collected data into a database.
Ensure data collection is complete.
Identify health needs of the local community.
ANSWER
B. In order to adequately and appropriately analyze
collected data, first compile collected data into a
database.
B
QUESTION
3
A nurse is planning a community health program.
Which of the following actions should the nurse
include as part of the evaluation plan?
A.
Determine availability of resources to initiate
the plan.
B. Gain approval for the program from local
leaders.
C. Establish a timeline for implementation of
interventions.
D. Compare program impact to similar programs.
ANSWER
D
D. Include a comparison of program impact to similar
programs as part of the evaluation plan. This
comparison assist with determining the efficiency of
the program.
Reference:
Holman, H. C., Williams, D., Sommer, S.,
Johnson, J., & Elkins, C. B. (2019).
RN community health nursing: Review module
Leawood, KS: Assessment Technologies Institute
(ATI).