CHAPTER 1
Content
1.0 Biodiversity
1.1 Diversity of organisms
1.2 Classification of organisms
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1.1 the variety of organisms
1. Living things are
called organisms.
There are many
kinds of organisms on
Earth.
2. The variety of
different types
organisms on Earth
is called biodiversity
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What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to wide variety of organisms on Earth
Where can we find biodiversity?
The place where organisms live is called
the habitat.
 Biodiversity is found in various habitats
such as forests, ponds, deserts, seas and
soil.

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The importance of biodiversity

Maintain the balance of nature

Sources of food

Attract tourists and so can contributes to the economy of the
country.

Sources of medicine

Raw material for industries

Education
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
Restricting Exploitation of Forest Resources

Reducing Pollution

Stop overharvesting

Protect habitat

Endangered species act
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2.
BIODIVERSITY
ANIMALS
PLANTS
1. There are two main groups of animals:
Animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Animal with backbones
Animal without backbones
A. Invertebrates
a. More than 90% of animals are invertebrates
b. Since invertebrates have no backbone, they are
usually small in size.
c. Examples:
 Insects such as ants, butterflies, flies, and cockroaches
 Spiders
 Crabs
 Prawns
 Worms
 Mollusks such as snails
B. Vertebrates
a. Smaller group compared to invertebrates.
However, we are more familiar with this group
of animals
b. Since vertebrates have backbone to support their
weight, many vertebrates are large in size
c. Examples:
 Elephants
 Eagles
 Whales
 Snakes
 Frogs
 Clown fish
Classification of vertebrates
Vertebrates
Amphibians
Birds
Fish
Reptiles
Mammals
1.Common characteristics of fish
 Body
covered with slimy scales for protection
 Have
fins and tail to swim
 Streamlined
 Breathe
bodies to swim well
through gills
Poikilothermic

surrounding temperature)
 Lay
eggs
Carry

(body temperature changes with the
out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside
the female body)
Amphibians
1. Common characteristics of amphibians
• Body covered with moist skin
• Adults can live on land and water
• Adults breathe with lung on land and through
moist skin when in water
• Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the
surrounding temperature)
• Lay eggs covered with jelly-like substance
• Young amphibians live in water and breathe through
gills
• Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized
outside the female body)
Tortoises
Snake
Crocodile
1. Common characteristics of reptiles
•Body covered with hard and dry scales for protection
•Breathe with lungs
•Lay eggs with leathery shell
•Poikilotermic (body temperature changes with
surrounding temperature)
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized
inside the female body)
Kingfisher
Hornbill
1.Common characteristics of birds
•Body covered with feathers
•Have wings and beak
•Breathe with lungs
• Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant)
•Lay eggs with hard shells
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)
Camel
Orangutan
Tiger
Rhinoceros
Elephant
1. Common characteristics of mammals
•Body covered with hair or fur
•Breathe with lungs
• Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant)
•Give birth to live young
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)
•Young mammals feed on milk from their mother’s
mammary glands